Research and Opinion in Anesthesia and Intensive Care, 2020
Background Regional block of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerves has been applied to p... more Background Regional block of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerves has been applied to provide postoperative analgesia after inguinal hernia repair. Magnesium sulfate (MgSo4) blocks N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and that is why, it was used as an adjuvant to the local anesthetic (LA) in different anesthetic approaches. Although the prolongation in postoperative duration resulting from the addition of MgSO4 to LA was significant in some literature studies, it was insignificant in others. Objective This study was designed to investigate the adjunctive effect of MgSo4 when added to bupivacaine for IIIH blockade on the postoperative analgesic duration as a primary outcome and on the verbal rating scale (VRS) scores, analgesic consumption, and hemodynamics as secondary outcomes. Patients and methods Patients were divided into two groups of 45 patients each by means of coded envelopes according to the LA used for IIIH blockade. In the first group (control group), patients received 10 ml 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine plus 1 ml normal saline for IIIH blockade, whereas in the second group (MgSo4 group), 10 ml 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine and 1 ml of MgSo4 10% were prepared. All the patients received intrathecal 3 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, and then, IIIH blockade was performed under ultrasound guidance according to the group. Postoperatively, VRS scores, analgesic duration, and any complication were recorded. Results There was a significantly prolonged analgesic duration in MgSo4 group when compared with the control group. However, the consumed analgesic in the first postoperative day and the pain score were insignificantly lower in MgSo4 group. Conclusion The addition of MgSO4 to bupivacaine for IIIH nerve block prolonged the postoperative analgesic duration after inguinal hernia repair without significant effect on the analgesic consumption or VRS scores.
Plagiarism is regarded as the act of "taking credit for or benefitting from somebody else’s ... more Plagiarism is regarded as the act of "taking credit for or benefitting from somebody else’s ideas, words, concepts, formulations, etc. without giving due credit by means of referencing or quoting, and presenting work for personal benefit which does not contain individual authorship (Brown University Writing Centre 2015). In this paper, I will present to you some misunderstandings about and misapplications of plagiarism techniques. And how some journals and universities use tools to detect something they call "Citations Ratios" instead of plagiarism.
Research and Opinion in Anesthesia and Intensive Care, 2020
Background Regional block of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerves has been applied to p... more Background Regional block of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerves has been applied to provide postoperative analgesia after inguinal hernia repair. Magnesium sulfate (MgSo4) blocks N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and that is why, it was used as an adjuvant to the local anesthetic (LA) in different anesthetic approaches. Although the prolongation in postoperative duration resulting from the addition of MgSO4 to LA was significant in some literature studies, it was insignificant in others. Objective This study was designed to investigate the adjunctive effect of MgSo4 when added to bupivacaine for IIIH blockade on the postoperative analgesic duration as a primary outcome and on the verbal rating scale (VRS) scores, analgesic consumption, and hemodynamics as secondary outcomes. Patients and methods Patients were divided into two groups of 45 patients each by means of coded envelopes according to the LA used for IIIH blockade. In the first group (control group), patients received 10 ml 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine plus 1 ml normal saline for IIIH blockade, whereas in the second group (MgSo4 group), 10 ml 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine and 1 ml of MgSo4 10% were prepared. All the patients received intrathecal 3 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, and then, IIIH blockade was performed under ultrasound guidance according to the group. Postoperatively, VRS scores, analgesic duration, and any complication were recorded. Results There was a significantly prolonged analgesic duration in MgSo4 group when compared with the control group. However, the consumed analgesic in the first postoperative day and the pain score were insignificantly lower in MgSo4 group. Conclusion The addition of MgSO4 to bupivacaine for IIIH nerve block prolonged the postoperative analgesic duration after inguinal hernia repair without significant effect on the analgesic consumption or VRS scores.
Plagiarism is regarded as the act of "taking credit for or benefitting from somebody else’s ... more Plagiarism is regarded as the act of "taking credit for or benefitting from somebody else’s ideas, words, concepts, formulations, etc. without giving due credit by means of referencing or quoting, and presenting work for personal benefit which does not contain individual authorship (Brown University Writing Centre 2015). In this paper, I will present to you some misunderstandings about and misapplications of plagiarism techniques. And how some journals and universities use tools to detect something they call "Citations Ratios" instead of plagiarism.
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