This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure ... more This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish products from four fishing communities along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Sixty smoked fish samples obtained from two fish species (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Elops lacerta) which were processed individually with three firewood (Cola nitida, Funtumia elastica and Alchornea cordifolia) were collected from fish processors between October and December, 2018. Samples were subjected to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and human health risk model analysis. The PAH congeners varied in smoked fish while Pyrene was the most dominant congener in all the fish samples, accounting for more than 70% of the total PAHs. The highest total PAHs levels (2431.85 mg kg-1) was observed in E. lacerta smoked with C. nitida. The Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) values for total and carcinogenic P...
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2015
Interest in the production of micro-livestock to supply the required protein has resulted in the ... more Interest in the production of micro-livestock to supply the required protein has resulted in the intensive production of Snails. Wild and domesticated snails fed on contaminated feed may accumulate heavy metals which may be injurious to the consumers. Although toxicity and the resulting threat to human health of any contaminant are, of course, a function of concentration, it is well-known that chronic exposure to heavy metals and metalloids at relatively low levels can cause adverse effects. This study aimed at investigating the ability and effects (if any) of heavy metal accumulation in Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata). 120 A. marginata growers were randomly allotted to 2 feed treatments (T1: Heavy metal contaminated pawpaw fruits and leaves; and T2: Heavy metal free pawpaw fruits and leaves) in a Completely Randomized Design. Each treatment has 4 replicates containing 15 snails per replicate. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for the period of 12 weeks d...
This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure ... more This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish products from four fishing communities along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Sixty smoked fish samples obtained from two fish species (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Elops lacerta) which were processed individually with three firewood (Cola nitida, Funtumia elastica and Alchornea cordifolia) were collected from fish processors between October and December, 2018. Samples were subjected to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and human health risk model analysis. The PAH congeners varied in smoked fish while Pyrene was the most dominant congener in all the fish samples, accounting for more than 70% of the total PAHs. The highest total PAHs levels (2431.85 mg kg-1) was observed in E. lacerta smoked with C. nitida. The Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) values for total and carcinogenic P...
Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino... more Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at −4°C. Four diets, a basal diet, basal plus malted sorghum sprout (B +MSP), basal plus fermented malted sorghum sprout (B+ FMSP) and basal plus amino acids plus malted sorghum sprout (B+AA+MSP), were tested. Samples of test ingredients, feed and faeces were analysed for their gross energy and proximate compositions. In experiment 2, 18 weaner pigs were used in a completely randomised design for 63 days to determine the performance and cost analysis of feeding malted sorghum sprout at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg in pig's diet, six pigs per diet with each pig representing a replicate. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The prevailing cost of each feed ingredient was used to compute the feed cost and, subsequently, the feed cost analysis. Results of digestibility trial showed that there was no difference in the utilisation of the chemical constituents of B+MSP and B+AA+MSP diets, which were also similar to the basal diet, except the crude protein (CP) in amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprout diet, which was lower compared to the basal diet. B+FMSP was lower (P<0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP compared to the basal diet. The digestible energy (DE) and the fraction of gross energy utilised as DE of each diet also were not affected by fermentation and supplementation with AA. In experiment 2, the levels of MSP used did not affect (P>0.05) the performance and feed cost indices measured. It was concluded that MSP can be used in growing pig's diet, without the need for fermentation and AA supplementation, at 200 g/kg level with no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the diet.
Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino... more Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at -4 °C. Four diets, a basal diet, basal plus malted sorghum sprout (B + MSP), basal plus fermented malted sorghum sprout (B + FMSP) and basal plus amino acids plus malted sorghum sprout (B + AA + MSP), were tested. Samples of test ingredients, feed and faeces were analysed for their gross energy and proximate compositions. In experiment 2, 18 weaner pigs were used in a completely randomised design for 63 days to determine the performance and cost analysis of feeding malted sorghum sprout at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg in pig&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s diet, six pigs per diet with each pig representing a replicate. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The prevailing cost of each feed ingredient was used to compute the feed cost and, subsequently, the feed cost analysis. Results of digestibility trial showed that there was no difference in the utilisation of the chemical constituents of B + MSP and B + AA + MSP diets, which were also similar to the basal diet, except the crude protein (CP) in amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprout diet, which was lower compared to the basal diet. B + FMSP was lower (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP compared to the basal diet. The digestible energy (DE) and the fraction of gross energy utilised as DE of each diet also were not affected by fermentation and supplementation with AA. In experiment 2, the levels of MSP used did not affect (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) the performance and feed cost indices measured. It was concluded that MSP can be used in growing pig&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s diet, without the need for fermentation and AA supplementation, at 200 g/kg level with no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the diet.
This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure ... more This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish products from four fishing communities along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Sixty smoked fish samples obtained from two fish species (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Elops lacerta) which were processed individually with three firewood (Cola nitida, Funtumia elastica and Alchornea cordifolia) were collected from fish processors between October and December, 2018. Samples were subjected to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and human health risk model analysis. The PAH congeners varied in smoked fish while Pyrene was the most dominant congener in all the fish samples, accounting for more than 70% of the total PAHs. The highest total PAHs levels (2431.85 mg kg-1) was observed in E. lacerta smoked with C. nitida. The Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) values for total and carcinogenic P...
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2015
Interest in the production of micro-livestock to supply the required protein has resulted in the ... more Interest in the production of micro-livestock to supply the required protein has resulted in the intensive production of Snails. Wild and domesticated snails fed on contaminated feed may accumulate heavy metals which may be injurious to the consumers. Although toxicity and the resulting threat to human health of any contaminant are, of course, a function of concentration, it is well-known that chronic exposure to heavy metals and metalloids at relatively low levels can cause adverse effects. This study aimed at investigating the ability and effects (if any) of heavy metal accumulation in Giant African Land Snails (Archachatina marginata). 120 A. marginata growers were randomly allotted to 2 feed treatments (T1: Heavy metal contaminated pawpaw fruits and leaves; and T2: Heavy metal free pawpaw fruits and leaves) in a Completely Randomized Design. Each treatment has 4 replicates containing 15 snails per replicate. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for the period of 12 weeks d...
This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure ... more This study assessed the concentration and potential health risk associated with dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish products from four fishing communities along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Sixty smoked fish samples obtained from two fish species (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Elops lacerta) which were processed individually with three firewood (Cola nitida, Funtumia elastica and Alchornea cordifolia) were collected from fish processors between October and December, 2018. Samples were subjected to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and human health risk model analysis. The PAH congeners varied in smoked fish while Pyrene was the most dominant congener in all the fish samples, accounting for more than 70% of the total PAHs. The highest total PAHs levels (2431.85 mg kg-1) was observed in E. lacerta smoked with C. nitida. The Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) values for total and carcinogenic P...
Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino... more Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at −4°C. Four diets, a basal diet, basal plus malted sorghum sprout (B +MSP), basal plus fermented malted sorghum sprout (B+ FMSP) and basal plus amino acids plus malted sorghum sprout (B+AA+MSP), were tested. Samples of test ingredients, feed and faeces were analysed for their gross energy and proximate compositions. In experiment 2, 18 weaner pigs were used in a completely randomised design for 63 days to determine the performance and cost analysis of feeding malted sorghum sprout at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg in pig's diet, six pigs per diet with each pig representing a replicate. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The prevailing cost of each feed ingredient was used to compute the feed cost and, subsequently, the feed cost analysis. Results of digestibility trial showed that there was no difference in the utilisation of the chemical constituents of B+MSP and B+AA+MSP diets, which were also similar to the basal diet, except the crude protein (CP) in amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprout diet, which was lower compared to the basal diet. B+FMSP was lower (P<0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP compared to the basal diet. The digestible energy (DE) and the fraction of gross energy utilised as DE of each diet also were not affected by fermentation and supplementation with AA. In experiment 2, the levels of MSP used did not affect (P>0.05) the performance and feed cost indices measured. It was concluded that MSP can be used in growing pig's diet, without the need for fermentation and AA supplementation, at 200 g/kg level with no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the diet.
Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino... more Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at -4 °C. Four diets, a basal diet, basal plus malted sorghum sprout (B + MSP), basal plus fermented malted sorghum sprout (B + FMSP) and basal plus amino acids plus malted sorghum sprout (B + AA + MSP), were tested. Samples of test ingredients, feed and faeces were analysed for their gross energy and proximate compositions. In experiment 2, 18 weaner pigs were used in a completely randomised design for 63 days to determine the performance and cost analysis of feeding malted sorghum sprout at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg in pig&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s diet, six pigs per diet with each pig representing a replicate. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The prevailing cost of each feed ingredient was used to compute the feed cost and, subsequently, the feed cost analysis. Results of digestibility trial showed that there was no difference in the utilisation of the chemical constituents of B + MSP and B + AA + MSP diets, which were also similar to the basal diet, except the crude protein (CP) in amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprout diet, which was lower compared to the basal diet. B + FMSP was lower (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP compared to the basal diet. The digestible energy (DE) and the fraction of gross energy utilised as DE of each diet also were not affected by fermentation and supplementation with AA. In experiment 2, the levels of MSP used did not affect (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) the performance and feed cost indices measured. It was concluded that MSP can be used in growing pig&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s diet, without the need for fermentation and AA supplementation, at 200 g/kg level with no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the diet.
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