International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 2018
Film of sports genera achieved a great success around the world. The purpose of this study was to... more Film of sports genera achieved a great success around the world. The purpose of this study was to observe the way of execution of Indian society and sports culture through sports movies. Investigators observed 43 Bollywood Hindi language movies from 1999 to 2017. All the searches and observation of the movies of 19 years done through electronic databases. For interpretation of data mean, SD and percentage were calculated. Today sports movies became a teaching and inspiration medium. As some of the burning issues of the Indian sports like, way of talent identification, gender discrimination, doping, injury, match fixing, sports politics and corruption in the federation, sports industrialization, sexual harassment, socioeconomic barrier etc. had executed in front of society. Also executed the bright side of the Indian sports. It was concluded from this study that movies were acts like a mirror whereas the reflection of the society clearly expressed.
International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 2018
In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise e... more In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise expected in next 10 years. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of exercise on bone density of menopausal women. Researcher selected 18 experimental research paper from different journal through PubMed, Google scholar from 1987 to 2017.The subjects of all paper were pre and post-menopausal women. All they were measured bone mineral density. Researcher tabulate the authors name, problem, training types and procedures and their finding and other details related to this review in result section and discussed. From this review it was concluded that physical activity was important non-pharma logical component for improved BMD and prevention of osteoporosis of pre and post-menopausal women. High impact loading activities may be supervised or unsupervised among with the awareness and nutrition were very necessary to improved BMD and prevent osteoporosis.
Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years... more Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years will constitute 22% of the population in 2025 and 33% of the population in 2050. In 2013 50 million people in India are either osteoporotic or have low bone mass. The purpose of this study to observe the bone health status of Indian postmenopausal women and effect of life style and physical activity on bone health. All the data are searched through electronic data base from IOF, WHO, NHP of India, ISBMR and OFI websites, and several journal and articles.The governments of just 4 of the 16 countries of south Asia designated osteoporosis as a national health priority of Australia (2002), Chinese Taipei (2005), Singapore (2009) and most recently, China (2011). Osteoporosis is still not a National Health Priority (NHP) in India. The Indian population consumes much lower amounts of calcium (300-500 mg/day). Widespread vitamin D deficiency has been shown unequivocally across all ages from all over India. The high costs of medication, the lack of awareness amongst physicians and patients about the disease is considered to be one of the biggest barriers to osteoporosis care in the India. There is an urgent need at the national level to accurately quantify osteoporosis and fracture prevalence in India. Sedentary life style and Lack of exercise has been found to be significantly associated with lower BMD in Indian women. This study concluded that adequate calcium intake, vitamin D synthesis, and exercise are the crucial elements in determining peak bone mass. There is thus an urgent need for greater public awareness, immediate planned a govt. policy in this regard.
Menopause is one of the most significant events in women's life. It brings in a number of physiol... more Menopause is one of the most significant events in women's life. It brings in a number of physiological changes among which bone health is drastically affected by the changes in hormonal level especially by the deficiency of oestrogens level. The mean menopausal age of women varies between 46 and 52. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the resistance exercise protocol can benefit the bone health and physical fitness level of post-menopausal women. With the above purpose, initially 11 volunteered post-menopausal women in experimental group underwent 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training programme and 5 post-menopausal women were taken for control group. 17 weeks training intervention consisted of 8-10 elastic band exercises, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions/set and 3 sets of 20-30 sec. recovery. According to the individual's adaptation ability of load, the repetitions and degrees of resistance were changed for the subjects. The bone health and physical fitness were chosen as criteria. Among bone heath, Forced Vital Capacity, OSTA index Score (for prediction of BMD risk factors) and BMD (distal radius site) were measured. Physical fitness test included Grip Strength, Isometric Back Strength, Balance and Gait Velocity. For statistical analysis, Paired sample t-test was computed. The study concluded that 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training programme was effective on improvement of bone health for the post-menopausal women and observed that BMD may improve with the improvement of selected physical fitness components.
Muscle mass loss or Sarcopenia is an important clinical problem that impacts every older populati... more Muscle mass loss or Sarcopenia is an important clinical problem that impacts every older population. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of planned exercise program on muscle mass and related selected variables. Total 40 elderly aged males (Experimental = 20, Control = 20) with the age ranging between 60-70 years were taken as subject. Age, height and weight were taken as personal data. Strength, flexibility, endurance and agility considered as physical functional fitness, BMI, chest, biceps (Relaxed and flexed), gluteus, thigh and calf circumference considered as anthropometric variable and percentage of muscle mass and myoglobin concentration considered as muscle mass component. Subjects were involved in 12 weeks, 65 minutes' session (Warm up = 10 min, Training session = 45 min, cooling down = 10 min), 4 days/week planned multicomponent training protocol to fulfil the purpose of research work. The analysis and interpretation of the data was done by calculated mean, SD and paired sample t test. Result revealed significant improvement in physical functioning variables while anthropometric and muscle mass component variables remained unchanged. From this study it was understood that only 12 weeks training programme was not sufficient to develop quantitative parameters like selected circumference, muscle mass and myoglobin concentration but it was sufficient to develop physical functioning parameters which indirectly provided qualitative impact and effect on such quantitative parameters.
In modern era doping is a very serious issue in sports world. The aim of this study was to observ... more In modern era doping is a very serious issue in sports world. The aim of this study was to observed the global status of doping and reviewing the reasons of doping. For the purpose of this study, the researcher reviewed 10 years (2009-2018) Laboratory testing report (Included Adverse Analytical Findings [AAF] & Atypical Finding [AF]) of WADA. Moreover, investigator studied several relevant papers from 1980 to 2020, different official sites, i.e. NADA, IOC, IAAF, TOI, The Hindus, different newspapers and other organization and searching terms were Doping, Drugs, etc. For the analysis and interpretation of data mean, percentage and their graphical representation was executed. The last 10 years (2009-2018) result shows that the total testing increased from 277928 to 344177 which included Olympic, non-Olympic and non-ADAMS data [Anti-Doping Administration and Management System]. The percentage of total finding still less from 2009 (2.02%) currently it was 1.49% (2018). The average AAF and total finding was 1.27% (3676) and 1.80% (5107). But gradual linear increment shows some light of hope. From this study it was understood that it was not only a task of a single organization to prevent any illegal activities but also made the work fruitful by the surrounded cooperating societies and those who are stand near by this sports person, developed the moral value through education and embedded in one's moral sense that doping can never be an option to achieve accolades. Keywords-Doping, drugs, moral value, education, behavior I. INTRODUCTION Sport plays an important role in society. It is a major social and economic activity, it contributes to public health, entertainment. Achievements in amateur and professional sports are sources of motivation and national pride for many countries. Through participation in sports one can enrich with positive moral values, cooperation, respect for other, for rules, for officials, role playing ability, friendship, compassion and overall social personality and spirit. It is therefore unacceptable that for a handful immoral and crime centric athlete and their entourage abolish all the good thought for the purpose of win and push the society in the way of corruption. Anti-doping regulations based on strong scientific and legal principles can therefore help to prevent abuse and ensure fair contests for athletes in all disciplines (Boye et al., 2017). Since the mid-20 th century sports are significantly influenced by drugs. The 1960s and 70s saw the wide use of amphetamines in sport; the 1980s has been described as the anabolic steroid and cortisone era; the 1990s as the human growth hormone and erythropoietin era; and more recently, the use of peptides has become widespread (Bird et al., 2016). WADA enlisted its doping categories into prohibited at all times in respect of substances and methods in-and out of competition, substances prohibited in-competition and substances prohibited in particular sports. As a broad simplification for this discrepancy the prohibited at all times, in-and out of competition have a potential benefits in terms of enhancing adaptation to training and either directly or as a consequence of these augmented adaptations to improve performance in competition. Whereas prohibited in-competition are likely to heighten the immediate short-term performance of the body by augmenting its ability to meet the demands of the exercise and thereby perform better. Moreover, some substances are prohibited under the WADA code in 'Particular Sports' if they convey benefits or hazards (World Anti-Doping Agency, 2019; Bird et al., 2016). Some sport requires an acquired skill, some are largely or solely based on skill and concentration like ball and board games, shooting, driving, and riding and may benefit from drugs that reduce anxiety, tremor, inattention or fatigue. Sports that are highly dependent on explosive, short-term anaerobic power like sprinting, throwing, boxing, wrestling, typically ones which favor a solid, muscular build, are most susceptible to androgen-induced increases in muscle mass and strength. Other sports with an emphasis on aerobic effort and endurance like long duration events, characteristically preferred by a lean build, may be boosted by blood transfusion, erythropoietin and its analogs or mimetics. Finally, sports that rest on recovery from major injury or recurrent minor injury during intensive training, notably contact sports, may benefit from tissue proliferative and remodeling effects of growth hormone and various growth factors (Bird et al., 2016; Handelsman, 2000).
Poor bone health is linked to poor quality of life. The aim of this present study to observed the... more Poor bone health is linked to poor quality of life. The aim of this present study to observed the relationship between risk factors of bone health and related quality of life and observed the different among the group. Investigator selected total 255 subjects from six districts of West Bengal and divided into three groups i.e. Early adulthood (N = 107, 33.91yr.), Middle adulthood (N = 106, 46.90 yr.) and Late adulthood (N = 42, 68.48 yr.). Osteoporosis Risk Factor (ORF) measured through the questionnaire method, Quality of life measured through QUALEFFO-41 questionnaire of International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), and depression scale measured through Zung depression scale. Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asian score was used to predict the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) risk factors based on age and weight. Kendall's tau b correlation coefficient used to examine the relation between the variables. Kruskal-Wallis H test was computed to find difference among the groups followed by Post-hoc. Found negative association between ORF and Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tools for Asian Index (OSTAI), QUALEFFO-41 and positive between QUALEFFO-41 and ORF. All the group showed significant difference in OSTAI score, QUALEFFO-41, ORF and depression. It was concluded from this study that the declination of quality of life with progressive age the risk factors of bone health gradually raised.
The purpose of this study to observe the difference in physiological and physical functioning par... more The purpose of this study to observe the difference in physiological and physical functioning parameters among the groups, to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD. Total 34 Indian women were divided into three age groups Older (N = 11), Middle (N = 10) and Younger adult women (N = 13). Force Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. BMD of the distal radius site measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANOVA followed by Independent sample t-test, Factor Analysis and linear regression were computed. There were considerable correlation between Bone Mineral Density and the selected factors. It was concluded from this study that with progressing age BMD and physiological, physical functioning parameters gradually decline. Factor effect was more significantly predict the bone health status of all age group of women than the independent effect of the parameters. OSTA Index and velocity of gait independently predict the bone health status of all age group of women. BMD improved by the improvement of selective considerable factors.
The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and grou... more The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD, to find out the effect of resistance exercise on Bone Mineral Density, other physiological and fitness variables. Total 34 subjects of three different age group viz. young adult (30-39 yr.), middle aged adult (40-49 yr.) and older adult (> 50 yr.) women were complete the training programme. Force Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. Distal radius site BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. The 17 weeks elastic resistance-training conducted 8-10 exercise, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions, 3 sets with 20-30 sec. recoveries, and according to adaptation of the load repetitions and resistance level were changed. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANCOVA, Paired sample t-test, Factor Analysis and linear regression were computed. The value of Physiological Condition (t = 8.229, P < 0.01) and Fitness Condition (t = 3.287, P < 0.01) were significant. OSTA Index (t = 2.622, P < 0.05) and velocity gait (t =-2.231, P < 0.05) independently predict the status of BMD significantly. It was concluded that the training programme was effective for all age groups of women specifically for olderly adult women and BMD may be improved by the improvement of selected physiological and fitness factors.
The present study were to observed the difference in Bone Mineral Density (BMD), physical functio... more The present study were to observed the difference in Bone Mineral Density (BMD), physical functioning, and body composition parameters between Osteopenic and Osteoporotic women and the association between BMD and physical functioning, body composition parameters. Total 51 Indian women were divided into Osteoporotic (N = 21, 56.809 yrs. ± 1.794) and Osteopenic (N = 30, 39.933 yrs. ± 0.911) groups. Distal radius BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, gait velocity; Body composition parameter included Fat Body Mass, Lean Body Mass. For statistical analysis, Independent sample t-test, linear regression, Receiver Operating Characteristics were computed. Osteoporotic group BMD, grip strength, gait velocity and lean mass were significantly lower than Osteopenic group. Only the fat mass didn't shown the significant difference between the groups. The results of regression shown that grip strength, velocity of gait, lean mass, fat mass significantly predict the BMD. This study concluded that BMD, physical functioning and body composition parameters of Osteoporotic women were lower than Osteopenic women. Physical functioning and body composition parameters significantly predict the BMD of both groups. Specifically, velocity of gait was a good predictor of BMD of Osteoporotic women.
The aim of this study was to observe the difference in respect of some selected physiological var... more The aim of this study was to observe the difference in respect of some selected physiological variablesand quality of life among the osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal women groups. Total 59 women were divided into three groups according to
In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise e... more In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise expected in next 10 years. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of exercise on bone density of menopausal women. Researcher selected 18 experimental research paper from different journal through PubMed, Google scholar from 1987 to 2017.The subjects of all paper were pre and post-menopausal women. All they were measured bone mineral density. Researcher tabulate the authors name, problem, training types and procedures and their finding and other details related to this review in result section and discussed. From this review it was concluded that physical activity was important non-pharma logical component for improved BMD and prevention of osteoporosis of pre and post-menopausal women. High impact loading activities may be supervised or unsupervised among with the awareness and nutrition were very necessary to improved BMD and prevent osteoporosis.
Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years... more Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years will constitute 22% of the population in 2025 and 33% of the population in 2050. In 2013 50 million people in India are either osteoporotic or have low bone mass. The purpose of this study to observe the bone health status of Indian postmenopausal women and effect of life style and physical activity on bone health. All the data are searched through electronic data base from IOF, WHO, NHP of India, ISBMR and OFI websites, and several journal and articles.The governments of just 4 of the 16 countries of south Asia designated osteoporosis as a national health priority of Australia (2002), Chinese Taipei (2005), Singapore (2009) and most recently, China (2011). Osteoporosis is still not a National Health Priority (NHP) in India. The Indian population consumes much lower amounts of calcium (300-500 mg/day). Widespread vitamin D deficiency has been shown unequivocally across all ages from all over India. The high costs of medication, the lack of awareness amongst physicians and patients about the disease is considered to be one of the biggest barriers to osteoporosis care in the India. There is an urgent need at the national level to accurately quantify osteoporosis and fracture prevalence in India. Sedentary life style and Lack of exercise has been found to be significantly associated with lower BMD in Indian women. This study concluded that adequate calcium intake, vitamin D synthesis, and exercise are the crucial elements in determining peak bone mass. There is thus an urgent need for greater public awareness, immediate planned a govt. policy in this regard.
Bone density reaches its peak at the age of 20-35 years. After that the process declines. Approxi... more Bone density reaches its peak at the age of 20-35 years. After that the process declines. Approximately 35-40% of Indian women aged 40-65 years suffer from Osteopenia. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of 17 weeks of progressive elastic band resistance exercise program on bone health components and on selected bone health related physical fitness components of Indian women. Total 34 volunteered subjects of three different age groups viz. young adult (30 – 39 yr., N=13), middle aged adult (40 – 49 yr., N=10) and older adult (> 50 yr., N=11) underwent the 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training programme. Among the bone health components Forced Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. BMD
(Distal radius site) was measured through Quantity Ultrasound technology. Physical fitness test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance and gait velocity. The 17 weeks of training intervention consisted of 8 – 10 elastic band exercises, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions/set and 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec. recovery. According to the individual’s adaptation ability of load, the repetitions and degree of resistance were changed for the subjects. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANCOVA followed by Paired sample t-test were computed. The study concluded that the 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training program was effective on improvement of bone health for all age groups of women specifically for the older adult women and BMD may be improved with the improvement of selected physical fitness components.
Keywords: Bone Mineral Density, Women, Physical functioning, Physiological condition,Resistance exercise
The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and grou... more The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD, to find out the effect of resistance exercise on Bone Mineral Density, other physiological and fitness variables. Total 34 subjects of three different age group viz. young adult (30 – 39 yr.), middle aged adult (40 – 49 yr.), and older adult (> 50 yr.) women were complete the training programme. Forced Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. Distal radius site BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. The 17 weeks elastic resistance-training conducted 8 – 10 exercise, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions and 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec recoveries. According to adaptation of the load, repetitions and resistance level were changed. For statistica...
International Journal of Advanced Research and Development, 2017
The Greeks were first to provide systematic and philosophical attitude toward physical education ... more The Greeks were first to provide systematic and philosophical attitude toward physical education and sport. The aim of this study to discuss the foundation of the ancient Olympic games, Reviewing the myth & truce, construction, architecture, masonry,
progression, Golden age of the games and the social dominance, repercussion of physical education, and sports. A systematic search of ancient Olympic, myths, truce, culture to find all relevant data. Starting of this work from the Archaic period (800 to
500BC) to Roman Greece period (146BC to 330 Ad) and also include the Classical period (500 BC to 323 BC) and Hellenistic period (323 BC to 146BC) in between them. And it's preceded by the Minoan, Mycenaean civilization (1700-1,600 B.C) and Dark ages (1200-800BC). Through the truce, during the 9th century BC Ipthios 1st started the games in peace. The Classical era (5th to 4th century BC) most developmental periods of the Olympics and the falls of the pyrotechnics started after this period approximately 146 BC.
Keywords: ancient olympic, myth, truce, golden age
International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2018
The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and grou... more The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD, to find out the effect of resistance exercise on Bone Mineral Density, other physiological and fitness variables. Total 34 subjects of three different age group viz. young adult (30 – 39 yr.), middle aged adult (40 – 49 yr. ) and older adult (> 50 yr.) women were complete the training programme. Forced Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. Distal radius site BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. The 17 weeks elastic resistance-training conducted 8 – 10 exercise, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions, 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec. recoveries, and according to adaptation of the load repetitions and resistance level were changed. For statistic...
International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 2018
Film of sports genera achieved a great success around the world. The purpose of this study was to... more Film of sports genera achieved a great success around the world. The purpose of this study was to observe the way of execution of Indian society and sports culture through sports movies. Investigators observed 43 Bollywood Hindi language movies from 1999 to 2017. All the searches and observation of the movies of 19 years done through electronic databases. For interpretation of data mean, SD and percentage were calculated. Today sports movies became a teaching and inspiration medium. As some of the burning issues of the Indian sports like, way of talent identification, gender discrimination, doping, injury, match fixing, sports politics and corruption in the federation, sports industrialization, sexual harassment, socioeconomic barrier etc. had executed in front of society. Also executed the bright side of the Indian sports. It was concluded from this study that movies were acts like a mirror whereas the reflection of the society clearly expressed.
International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 2018
In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise e... more In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise expected in next 10 years. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of exercise on bone density of menopausal women. Researcher selected 18 experimental research paper from different journal through PubMed, Google scholar from 1987 to 2017.The subjects of all paper were pre and post-menopausal women. All they were measured bone mineral density. Researcher tabulate the authors name, problem, training types and procedures and their finding and other details related to this review in result section and discussed. From this review it was concluded that physical activity was important non-pharma logical component for improved BMD and prevention of osteoporosis of pre and post-menopausal women. High impact loading activities may be supervised or unsupervised among with the awareness and nutrition were very necessary to improved BMD and prevent osteoporosis.
Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years... more Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years will constitute 22% of the population in 2025 and 33% of the population in 2050. In 2013 50 million people in India are either osteoporotic or have low bone mass. The purpose of this study to observe the bone health status of Indian postmenopausal women and effect of life style and physical activity on bone health. All the data are searched through electronic data base from IOF, WHO, NHP of India, ISBMR and OFI websites, and several journal and articles.The governments of just 4 of the 16 countries of south Asia designated osteoporosis as a national health priority of Australia (2002), Chinese Taipei (2005), Singapore (2009) and most recently, China (2011). Osteoporosis is still not a National Health Priority (NHP) in India. The Indian population consumes much lower amounts of calcium (300-500 mg/day). Widespread vitamin D deficiency has been shown unequivocally across all ages from all over India. The high costs of medication, the lack of awareness amongst physicians and patients about the disease is considered to be one of the biggest barriers to osteoporosis care in the India. There is an urgent need at the national level to accurately quantify osteoporosis and fracture prevalence in India. Sedentary life style and Lack of exercise has been found to be significantly associated with lower BMD in Indian women. This study concluded that adequate calcium intake, vitamin D synthesis, and exercise are the crucial elements in determining peak bone mass. There is thus an urgent need for greater public awareness, immediate planned a govt. policy in this regard.
Menopause is one of the most significant events in women's life. It brings in a number of physiol... more Menopause is one of the most significant events in women's life. It brings in a number of physiological changes among which bone health is drastically affected by the changes in hormonal level especially by the deficiency of oestrogens level. The mean menopausal age of women varies between 46 and 52. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the resistance exercise protocol can benefit the bone health and physical fitness level of post-menopausal women. With the above purpose, initially 11 volunteered post-menopausal women in experimental group underwent 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training programme and 5 post-menopausal women were taken for control group. 17 weeks training intervention consisted of 8-10 elastic band exercises, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions/set and 3 sets of 20-30 sec. recovery. According to the individual's adaptation ability of load, the repetitions and degrees of resistance were changed for the subjects. The bone health and physical fitness were chosen as criteria. Among bone heath, Forced Vital Capacity, OSTA index Score (for prediction of BMD risk factors) and BMD (distal radius site) were measured. Physical fitness test included Grip Strength, Isometric Back Strength, Balance and Gait Velocity. For statistical analysis, Paired sample t-test was computed. The study concluded that 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training programme was effective on improvement of bone health for the post-menopausal women and observed that BMD may improve with the improvement of selected physical fitness components.
Muscle mass loss or Sarcopenia is an important clinical problem that impacts every older populati... more Muscle mass loss or Sarcopenia is an important clinical problem that impacts every older population. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of planned exercise program on muscle mass and related selected variables. Total 40 elderly aged males (Experimental = 20, Control = 20) with the age ranging between 60-70 years were taken as subject. Age, height and weight were taken as personal data. Strength, flexibility, endurance and agility considered as physical functional fitness, BMI, chest, biceps (Relaxed and flexed), gluteus, thigh and calf circumference considered as anthropometric variable and percentage of muscle mass and myoglobin concentration considered as muscle mass component. Subjects were involved in 12 weeks, 65 minutes' session (Warm up = 10 min, Training session = 45 min, cooling down = 10 min), 4 days/week planned multicomponent training protocol to fulfil the purpose of research work. The analysis and interpretation of the data was done by calculated mean, SD and paired sample t test. Result revealed significant improvement in physical functioning variables while anthropometric and muscle mass component variables remained unchanged. From this study it was understood that only 12 weeks training programme was not sufficient to develop quantitative parameters like selected circumference, muscle mass and myoglobin concentration but it was sufficient to develop physical functioning parameters which indirectly provided qualitative impact and effect on such quantitative parameters.
In modern era doping is a very serious issue in sports world. The aim of this study was to observ... more In modern era doping is a very serious issue in sports world. The aim of this study was to observed the global status of doping and reviewing the reasons of doping. For the purpose of this study, the researcher reviewed 10 years (2009-2018) Laboratory testing report (Included Adverse Analytical Findings [AAF] & Atypical Finding [AF]) of WADA. Moreover, investigator studied several relevant papers from 1980 to 2020, different official sites, i.e. NADA, IOC, IAAF, TOI, The Hindus, different newspapers and other organization and searching terms were Doping, Drugs, etc. For the analysis and interpretation of data mean, percentage and their graphical representation was executed. The last 10 years (2009-2018) result shows that the total testing increased from 277928 to 344177 which included Olympic, non-Olympic and non-ADAMS data [Anti-Doping Administration and Management System]. The percentage of total finding still less from 2009 (2.02%) currently it was 1.49% (2018). The average AAF and total finding was 1.27% (3676) and 1.80% (5107). But gradual linear increment shows some light of hope. From this study it was understood that it was not only a task of a single organization to prevent any illegal activities but also made the work fruitful by the surrounded cooperating societies and those who are stand near by this sports person, developed the moral value through education and embedded in one's moral sense that doping can never be an option to achieve accolades. Keywords-Doping, drugs, moral value, education, behavior I. INTRODUCTION Sport plays an important role in society. It is a major social and economic activity, it contributes to public health, entertainment. Achievements in amateur and professional sports are sources of motivation and national pride for many countries. Through participation in sports one can enrich with positive moral values, cooperation, respect for other, for rules, for officials, role playing ability, friendship, compassion and overall social personality and spirit. It is therefore unacceptable that for a handful immoral and crime centric athlete and their entourage abolish all the good thought for the purpose of win and push the society in the way of corruption. Anti-doping regulations based on strong scientific and legal principles can therefore help to prevent abuse and ensure fair contests for athletes in all disciplines (Boye et al., 2017). Since the mid-20 th century sports are significantly influenced by drugs. The 1960s and 70s saw the wide use of amphetamines in sport; the 1980s has been described as the anabolic steroid and cortisone era; the 1990s as the human growth hormone and erythropoietin era; and more recently, the use of peptides has become widespread (Bird et al., 2016). WADA enlisted its doping categories into prohibited at all times in respect of substances and methods in-and out of competition, substances prohibited in-competition and substances prohibited in particular sports. As a broad simplification for this discrepancy the prohibited at all times, in-and out of competition have a potential benefits in terms of enhancing adaptation to training and either directly or as a consequence of these augmented adaptations to improve performance in competition. Whereas prohibited in-competition are likely to heighten the immediate short-term performance of the body by augmenting its ability to meet the demands of the exercise and thereby perform better. Moreover, some substances are prohibited under the WADA code in 'Particular Sports' if they convey benefits or hazards (World Anti-Doping Agency, 2019; Bird et al., 2016). Some sport requires an acquired skill, some are largely or solely based on skill and concentration like ball and board games, shooting, driving, and riding and may benefit from drugs that reduce anxiety, tremor, inattention or fatigue. Sports that are highly dependent on explosive, short-term anaerobic power like sprinting, throwing, boxing, wrestling, typically ones which favor a solid, muscular build, are most susceptible to androgen-induced increases in muscle mass and strength. Other sports with an emphasis on aerobic effort and endurance like long duration events, characteristically preferred by a lean build, may be boosted by blood transfusion, erythropoietin and its analogs or mimetics. Finally, sports that rest on recovery from major injury or recurrent minor injury during intensive training, notably contact sports, may benefit from tissue proliferative and remodeling effects of growth hormone and various growth factors (Bird et al., 2016; Handelsman, 2000).
Poor bone health is linked to poor quality of life. The aim of this present study to observed the... more Poor bone health is linked to poor quality of life. The aim of this present study to observed the relationship between risk factors of bone health and related quality of life and observed the different among the group. Investigator selected total 255 subjects from six districts of West Bengal and divided into three groups i.e. Early adulthood (N = 107, 33.91yr.), Middle adulthood (N = 106, 46.90 yr.) and Late adulthood (N = 42, 68.48 yr.). Osteoporosis Risk Factor (ORF) measured through the questionnaire method, Quality of life measured through QUALEFFO-41 questionnaire of International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), and depression scale measured through Zung depression scale. Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asian score was used to predict the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) risk factors based on age and weight. Kendall's tau b correlation coefficient used to examine the relation between the variables. Kruskal-Wallis H test was computed to find difference among the groups followed by Post-hoc. Found negative association between ORF and Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tools for Asian Index (OSTAI), QUALEFFO-41 and positive between QUALEFFO-41 and ORF. All the group showed significant difference in OSTAI score, QUALEFFO-41, ORF and depression. It was concluded from this study that the declination of quality of life with progressive age the risk factors of bone health gradually raised.
The purpose of this study to observe the difference in physiological and physical functioning par... more The purpose of this study to observe the difference in physiological and physical functioning parameters among the groups, to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD. Total 34 Indian women were divided into three age groups Older (N = 11), Middle (N = 10) and Younger adult women (N = 13). Force Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. BMD of the distal radius site measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANOVA followed by Independent sample t-test, Factor Analysis and linear regression were computed. There were considerable correlation between Bone Mineral Density and the selected factors. It was concluded from this study that with progressing age BMD and physiological, physical functioning parameters gradually decline. Factor effect was more significantly predict the bone health status of all age group of women than the independent effect of the parameters. OSTA Index and velocity of gait independently predict the bone health status of all age group of women. BMD improved by the improvement of selective considerable factors.
The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and grou... more The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD, to find out the effect of resistance exercise on Bone Mineral Density, other physiological and fitness variables. Total 34 subjects of three different age group viz. young adult (30-39 yr.), middle aged adult (40-49 yr.) and older adult (> 50 yr.) women were complete the training programme. Force Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. Distal radius site BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. The 17 weeks elastic resistance-training conducted 8-10 exercise, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions, 3 sets with 20-30 sec. recoveries, and according to adaptation of the load repetitions and resistance level were changed. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANCOVA, Paired sample t-test, Factor Analysis and linear regression were computed. The value of Physiological Condition (t = 8.229, P < 0.01) and Fitness Condition (t = 3.287, P < 0.01) were significant. OSTA Index (t = 2.622, P < 0.05) and velocity gait (t =-2.231, P < 0.05) independently predict the status of BMD significantly. It was concluded that the training programme was effective for all age groups of women specifically for olderly adult women and BMD may be improved by the improvement of selected physiological and fitness factors.
The present study were to observed the difference in Bone Mineral Density (BMD), physical functio... more The present study were to observed the difference in Bone Mineral Density (BMD), physical functioning, and body composition parameters between Osteopenic and Osteoporotic women and the association between BMD and physical functioning, body composition parameters. Total 51 Indian women were divided into Osteoporotic (N = 21, 56.809 yrs. ± 1.794) and Osteopenic (N = 30, 39.933 yrs. ± 0.911) groups. Distal radius BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, gait velocity; Body composition parameter included Fat Body Mass, Lean Body Mass. For statistical analysis, Independent sample t-test, linear regression, Receiver Operating Characteristics were computed. Osteoporotic group BMD, grip strength, gait velocity and lean mass were significantly lower than Osteopenic group. Only the fat mass didn't shown the significant difference between the groups. The results of regression shown that grip strength, velocity of gait, lean mass, fat mass significantly predict the BMD. This study concluded that BMD, physical functioning and body composition parameters of Osteoporotic women were lower than Osteopenic women. Physical functioning and body composition parameters significantly predict the BMD of both groups. Specifically, velocity of gait was a good predictor of BMD of Osteoporotic women.
The aim of this study was to observe the difference in respect of some selected physiological var... more The aim of this study was to observe the difference in respect of some selected physiological variablesand quality of life among the osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal women groups. Total 59 women were divided into three groups according to
In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise e... more In India 61 million population suffered from Osteoporosis. 20% rise in last decade and 50% rise expected in next 10 years. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of exercise on bone density of menopausal women. Researcher selected 18 experimental research paper from different journal through PubMed, Google scholar from 1987 to 2017.The subjects of all paper were pre and post-menopausal women. All they were measured bone mineral density. Researcher tabulate the authors name, problem, training types and procedures and their finding and other details related to this review in result section and discussed. From this review it was concluded that physical activity was important non-pharma logical component for improved BMD and prevention of osteoporosis of pre and post-menopausal women. High impact loading activities may be supervised or unsupervised among with the awareness and nutrition were very necessary to improved BMD and prevent osteoporosis.
Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years... more Approximately 10%-15% of India's population is aged over 50 years.Those above the age of 50 years will constitute 22% of the population in 2025 and 33% of the population in 2050. In 2013 50 million people in India are either osteoporotic or have low bone mass. The purpose of this study to observe the bone health status of Indian postmenopausal women and effect of life style and physical activity on bone health. All the data are searched through electronic data base from IOF, WHO, NHP of India, ISBMR and OFI websites, and several journal and articles.The governments of just 4 of the 16 countries of south Asia designated osteoporosis as a national health priority of Australia (2002), Chinese Taipei (2005), Singapore (2009) and most recently, China (2011). Osteoporosis is still not a National Health Priority (NHP) in India. The Indian population consumes much lower amounts of calcium (300-500 mg/day). Widespread vitamin D deficiency has been shown unequivocally across all ages from all over India. The high costs of medication, the lack of awareness amongst physicians and patients about the disease is considered to be one of the biggest barriers to osteoporosis care in the India. There is an urgent need at the national level to accurately quantify osteoporosis and fracture prevalence in India. Sedentary life style and Lack of exercise has been found to be significantly associated with lower BMD in Indian women. This study concluded that adequate calcium intake, vitamin D synthesis, and exercise are the crucial elements in determining peak bone mass. There is thus an urgent need for greater public awareness, immediate planned a govt. policy in this regard.
Bone density reaches its peak at the age of 20-35 years. After that the process declines. Approxi... more Bone density reaches its peak at the age of 20-35 years. After that the process declines. Approximately 35-40% of Indian women aged 40-65 years suffer from Osteopenia. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of 17 weeks of progressive elastic band resistance exercise program on bone health components and on selected bone health related physical fitness components of Indian women. Total 34 volunteered subjects of three different age groups viz. young adult (30 – 39 yr., N=13), middle aged adult (40 – 49 yr., N=10) and older adult (> 50 yr., N=11) underwent the 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training programme. Among the bone health components Forced Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. BMD
(Distal radius site) was measured through Quantity Ultrasound technology. Physical fitness test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance and gait velocity. The 17 weeks of training intervention consisted of 8 – 10 elastic band exercises, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions/set and 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec. recovery. According to the individual’s adaptation ability of load, the repetitions and degree of resistance were changed for the subjects. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANCOVA followed by Paired sample t-test were computed. The study concluded that the 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training program was effective on improvement of bone health for all age groups of women specifically for the older adult women and BMD may be improved with the improvement of selected physical fitness components.
Keywords: Bone Mineral Density, Women, Physical functioning, Physiological condition,Resistance exercise
The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and grou... more The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD, to find out the effect of resistance exercise on Bone Mineral Density, other physiological and fitness variables. Total 34 subjects of three different age group viz. young adult (30 – 39 yr.), middle aged adult (40 – 49 yr.), and older adult (> 50 yr.) women were complete the training programme. Forced Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. Distal radius site BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. The 17 weeks elastic resistance-training conducted 8 – 10 exercise, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions and 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec recoveries. According to adaptation of the load, repetitions and resistance level were changed. For statistica...
International Journal of Advanced Research and Development, 2017
The Greeks were first to provide systematic and philosophical attitude toward physical education ... more The Greeks were first to provide systematic and philosophical attitude toward physical education and sport. The aim of this study to discuss the foundation of the ancient Olympic games, Reviewing the myth & truce, construction, architecture, masonry,
progression, Golden age of the games and the social dominance, repercussion of physical education, and sports. A systematic search of ancient Olympic, myths, truce, culture to find all relevant data. Starting of this work from the Archaic period (800 to
500BC) to Roman Greece period (146BC to 330 Ad) and also include the Classical period (500 BC to 323 BC) and Hellenistic period (323 BC to 146BC) in between them. And it's preceded by the Minoan, Mycenaean civilization (1700-1,600 B.C) and Dark ages (1200-800BC). Through the truce, during the 9th century BC Ipthios 1st started the games in peace. The Classical era (5th to 4th century BC) most developmental periods of the Olympics and the falls of the pyrotechnics started after this period approximately 146 BC.
Keywords: ancient olympic, myth, truce, golden age
International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2018
The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and grou... more The aim of this study to classify the predictor variables and to observe the independent and group effect of physiological and fitness variables on BMD, to find out the effect of resistance exercise on Bone Mineral Density, other physiological and fitness variables. Total 34 subjects of three different age group viz. young adult (30 – 39 yr.), middle aged adult (40 – 49 yr. ) and older adult (> 50 yr.) women were complete the training programme. Forced Vital Capacity was measured through Spirometer. OSTA score was used to predict the BMD risk factors. Distal radius site BMD measured through Quantity Ultrasound. Physical functioning test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance, proprioceptive ability and gait velocity. The 17 weeks elastic resistance-training conducted 8 – 10 exercise, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions, 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec. recoveries, and according to adaptation of the load repetitions and resistance level were changed. For statistic...
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Papers by amitava ghosal
(Distal radius site) was measured through Quantity Ultrasound technology. Physical fitness test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance and gait velocity. The 17 weeks of training intervention consisted of 8 – 10 elastic band exercises, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions/set and 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec. recovery. According to the individual’s adaptation ability of load, the repetitions and degree of resistance were changed for the subjects. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANCOVA followed by Paired sample t-test were computed. The study concluded that the 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training program was effective on improvement of bone health for all age groups of women specifically for the older adult women and BMD may be improved with the improvement of selected physical fitness components.
Keywords: Bone Mineral Density, Women, Physical functioning, Physiological condition,Resistance exercise
progression, Golden age of the games and the social dominance, repercussion of physical education, and sports. A systematic search of ancient Olympic, myths, truce, culture to find all relevant data. Starting of this work from the Archaic period (800 to
500BC) to Roman Greece period (146BC to 330 Ad) and also include the Classical period (500 BC to 323 BC) and Hellenistic period (323 BC to 146BC) in between them. And it's preceded by the Minoan, Mycenaean civilization (1700-1,600 B.C) and Dark ages (1200-800BC). Through the truce, during the 9th century BC Ipthios 1st started the games in peace. The Classical era (5th to 4th century BC) most developmental periods of the Olympics and the falls of the pyrotechnics started after this period approximately 146 BC.
Keywords: ancient olympic, myth, truce, golden age
(Distal radius site) was measured through Quantity Ultrasound technology. Physical fitness test included grip strength, isometric back strength, balance and gait velocity. The 17 weeks of training intervention consisted of 8 – 10 elastic band exercises, 70 min/session, 3 days/week, 8 repetitions/set and 3 sets with 20 – 30 sec. recovery. According to the individual’s adaptation ability of load, the repetitions and degree of resistance were changed for the subjects. For statistical analysis, One-Way ANCOVA followed by Paired sample t-test were computed. The study concluded that the 17 weeks of elastic band progressive resistance training program was effective on improvement of bone health for all age groups of women specifically for the older adult women and BMD may be improved with the improvement of selected physical fitness components.
Keywords: Bone Mineral Density, Women, Physical functioning, Physiological condition,Resistance exercise
progression, Golden age of the games and the social dominance, repercussion of physical education, and sports. A systematic search of ancient Olympic, myths, truce, culture to find all relevant data. Starting of this work from the Archaic period (800 to
500BC) to Roman Greece period (146BC to 330 Ad) and also include the Classical period (500 BC to 323 BC) and Hellenistic period (323 BC to 146BC) in between them. And it's preceded by the Minoan, Mycenaean civilization (1700-1,600 B.C) and Dark ages (1200-800BC). Through the truce, during the 9th century BC Ipthios 1st started the games in peace. The Classical era (5th to 4th century BC) most developmental periods of the Olympics and the falls of the pyrotechnics started after this period approximately 146 BC.
Keywords: ancient olympic, myth, truce, golden age