La religión gnóstica tuvo una singular importancia en la literatura de Jorge Luis Borges. Este, a... more La religión gnóstica tuvo una singular importancia en la literatura de Jorge Luis Borges. Este, además de su obra poética y narrativa, es autor de ensayos donde realiza una original relectura de obras canónicas (de Occidente o en el ámbito de Argentina), que nos lleva a apreciaciones tan originales y subversivas como fecundas desde el punto de vista estético. En este estudio analizamos la presencia del gnosticismo en la interpretación crítica que Borges realiza de seis autores.
Studies related to DNA extraction are becoming more ambitious in the sense that large studies are... more Studies related to DNA extraction are becoming more ambitious in the sense that large studies are intended to be carried out with minimum DNA sources. The DNA extracted must be of quality for genetic, forensic, population and genomic studies, these samples must be easy to obtain and product of efficient manipulation.Samples obtained from horsehair are an important technical challenge since they constitute the preferred non-invasive sample for genetic studies in horses, which has been shown to obtain reliable results in a short time. In this sense, working into effective techniques to optimizeDNA extraction of scarse samples is a pertinent task. In this study, different DNA extraction methods were evaluated from mane samples obtained from a population of wild horses from the Region of Arauca in eastern Colombia.Three DNA extraction methods were evaluated (phenol chloroform, alkaline lysis and twocommercial DNA extraction kit), DNA concentration, purity and qualityweredeterminate and ...
Este libro no es una coleccion de articulos al azar, sino el producto de un esfuerzo colectivo qu... more Este libro no es una coleccion de articulos al azar, sino el producto de un esfuerzo colectivo que incluye al grupo de historia, ambiente y politica (consorcio UNAL: Sede Amazonia –Uniandes), asi como a otros grupos de investigacion del IMANI congregados durante el Mes de la Investigacion en Leticia. Dinamiza el Grupo de Trabajo Latinoamericano de Clacso en “Ecologia politica”. Pretende ampliar la reflexion de “gobernabilidad” hacia “gobernanza” – concepto que incluye “gobernamentalidad”-, lo que permite hacer un analisis que desborda marcos reducidamente institucionales y normativos de la politica ambiental expresa o tacita. Toma a la region amazonica como foco regional y de campo, de modo que se puedan especializar mejor las determinaciones ambientales. Apunta a ir construyendo reflexiones que ofrezcan un marco logico-analitico y jerarquia entre distintos factores ambientales y extra ambientales, por ejemplo, la politica agropecuaria energetica o de seguridad democratica. Esto per...
Proyecto PIC-12-INIGEMM-001: Modelo piloto para la determinacion del potencial geologico-mineralo... more Proyecto PIC-12-INIGEMM-001: Modelo piloto para la determinacion del potencial geologico-mineralogico de las zonas Zaruma y Cariamanga a escala 1:100.000
La ponencia presentada por Ivonne Pena, Asesora Comision de Regulacion de Energia y Gas, expone l... more La ponencia presentada por Ivonne Pena, Asesora Comision de Regulacion de Energia y Gas, expone las politicas, regulacion, planeacion, vigilancia, control, competencia y proyectos adelantados por la Comision de regulacion de energia y gas.
The ability to specifically block or degrade cytosolic targets using therapeutic proteins would b... more The ability to specifically block or degrade cytosolic targets using therapeutic proteins would bring tremendous therapeutic opportunities in cancer therapy. Over the last few years, significant progress has been made with respect to tissue targeting, cytosolic delivery, and catalytic inactivation of targets, placing this aim within reach. Here, we developed a mathematical model specifically built for the evaluation of approaches towards cytosolic protein delivery, involving all steps from systemic administration to translocation into the cytosol and target engagement. Focusing on solid cancer tissues, we utilized the model to investigate the effects of microvascular permeability, receptor affinity, the cellular density of targeted receptors, as well as the mode of activity (blocking/degradation) on therapeutic potential. Our analyses provide guidance for the rational optimization of protein design for enhanced activity and highlight the importance of tuning the receptor affinity as...
Este artículo presenta los resultados del uso de laboratorios remotos aplicados a la formación e-... more Este artículo presenta los resultados del uso de laboratorios remotos aplicados a la formación e-learning en ingeniería y ciencias básicas en tiempos del COVID-19. La investigación se llevó acabo porque el coronavirus afectó el sector educación especialmente en la formación de las áreas experimentales donde requieren manipular variables físicas. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estudiantes percibieron una sensación de inmersión en un laboratorio real a pesar de que la experimentación fue mediante la web.
El proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la química en la educación media se reconoce por su impor... more El proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la química en la educación media se reconoce por su importancia y complejidad, lo que ha llevado a la didáctica de las ciencias a orientarse en la búsqueda constante de alternativas innovadoras, encaminadas a minimizar las dificultades presentes en dicho proceso. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar la relevancia de innovar los procesos de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la química por medio del modelo didáctico MAPIC (motivación, apropiación, praxis, interpretación y cuestionamiento), con estudiantes de educación media. El fundamento teórico que soporta este modelo se apoya en las teorías socio pedagógicas propuestas por Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, David Ausubel, Leontiev y Galperin, que permiten explicar y comprender la importancia de la didáctica en la construcción del conocimiento. De igual manera, se muestra un pequeño panorama de algunos modelos relacionados que han sido aplicados para abordar las problemáticas presentes en el proceso...
This article describes and analyses an encounter in the Colombian Amazon between Indigenous pract... more This article describes and analyses an encounter in the Colombian Amazon between Indigenous practices and arrangements to manage their environment and the conservation policies of the State. Indigenous peoples understand their world as populated by powerful human and nonhuman beings; for them, the moral duty of achieving happiness and abundance for all implies sustaining reciprocal and respectful relations with these beings (including the State). In contrast Colombian environmental policy distinguishes between nature and culture, seeking to safeguard landscapes from human interference so that natural processes can unfold unhindered. In practice these partially connected, yet incommensurable worldviews make for a 'perfect storm'opening opportunities for illegal mining. Drawing on recent fieldwork among the Andoke, an ethnic group well acquainted with extractivism in its different historical modalities and presently affronting the fallout of gold dredge mining we narrate how a parallel, non-state governance system makes it difficult for them to care for their land and entertain mutual and respectful relations with human and nonhuman beings (which we translate as 'territorial health'). We conclude by arguing for the need to re-imagine environmental governance in ways that more closely engage with what we call pluriversal governance: a form of (environmental) governance that does ontological justice to those involved in the environmental conflict-including, crucially, Indigenous people.
Revista Bio-grafía Escritos sobre la biología y su enseñanza, 2017
La presente es una propuesta de investigación en Didáctica de las CienciasNaturales y la Educació... more La presente es una propuesta de investigación en Didáctica de las CienciasNaturales y la Educación Ambiental, la cual busca generar un cambio conceptualacerca de las arañas, en estudiantes entre los 8 y los 10 años de edad, delGimnasio Villa Fontana de la ciudad de Tunja; para lograrlo se propone unametodología de pre-test y post-test, para conocer las ideas previas de losestudiantes, en relación a clasificación, caracteres morfológicos, alimentación,reproducción y valoración personal, con esto se diseñarán y desarrollarán talleres,para finalmente evaluar el cambio conceptual producido; dichos talleres seránelaborados teniendo en cuenta los principios del aprendizaje por descubrimiento
The slow adoption of wagon roads on the Andes is an event widely noted. In this article we docume... more The slow adoption of wagon roads on the Andes is an event widely noted. In this article we document the arrival of the first wagon road to the Andes: the Cambao wagon road connecting Bogotá to the Magdalena river valley in 1885. The road projects, its construction and traffic once it opened are presented and discussed using a variety of newly identified archival sources. It is argued that the historic and economic significance of this technological milestone was probably obscured by the all too soon expected arrival of railways.
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between MS and vitamin D levels, a... more OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between MS and vitamin D levels, as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seropositivity and smoking history in a Colombian population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018. We measured vitamin D levels and EBV antibody titers and administered a questionnaire to assess dietary habits, smoking, second-hand smoking and duration of smoking, sunlight exposure, physical activity, and personal and family history in individuals with and without multiple sclerosis during adolescence. A multivariable logistic regression model was then performed to explore the association between vitamin D status and MS. RESULTS A total of 87 individuals with MS (mean age 40.9 years; 65.52% females) and 87 without MS (mean age 55 years; 65.52% females) were included in the analysis. In the multivariable analysis, after controlling for supplementation vitamin D levels did not differ between both groups and no difference was found regarding tobacco smoke exposure. The proportion of individuals who tested positive for anti-EBV nuclear antigen was significantly higher in individuals with MS (95.4% vs 82.76%, p = 0.028) CONCLUSION: : We did not find a statistically significant association between MS and vitamin D levels while anti-EBV nuclear antigen titers behaved as previously described in the literature. This study provides new evidence of the association between MS and different risk factors in our country, reinforcing the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of MS is multifactorial. Further studies are needed to better define the association between environmental factors and the development of MS in low prevalence areas.
Entrustable professional activities: a new proposal for the evaluation of the medical competencie... more Entrustable professional activities: a new proposal for the evaluation of the medical competencies Medical education migrated from a practice-based to a knowledge-based discipline after the publication of the Flexner Report. The emergence of competence-based medical education led to a greater standardization of teaching, allowing students to integrate knowledge, skills and attitudes for the execution of a given task. A challenge is the evaluation of learning. Complex evaluation systems and a consequent atomization that independently assesses different competence components. However, the evaluation carried out at the clinical practice sites allows assessing the overall level of learning. Supervisors observe students' performance and decide if the apprentice can execute a specific task independently. This decision is based upon the trust that the tutor places on the student. Consequently, Ten Cate (2005) proposed the term Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), as a framework for professional practice tasks or responsibilities that can be fully entrusted to students, when they demonstrate the competences that are necessary to execute such activity with an increasing level of autonomy.
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016, 2016
Recently, rainwater has been used to meet the demand for uses other than human consumption. The a... more Recently, rainwater has been used to meet the demand for uses other than human consumption. The artificial wetland—storage tank system built at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) was built as an alternative source of irrigation for the local area. The system is made up of three components: a catchment system from the drainage pipelines coming from the parking structure, a sub-surface artificial wetland used for the water treatment, and a storage and distribution system for irrigation. A hydraulic and hydrological assessment for the system, a water balance for the system’s tributary areas, and a water demand analysis for the vegetative species at PUJ were carried-out to evaluate the system’s performance. The results from this assessment demonstrated the presence of short-circuiting patterns that affected the wetland hydraulic performance. Furthermore, there were considerable differences between the inflow and the outflow, which suggests a non-optimal water transport inside of the wetland.
Este artículo describe y analiza los efectos de la minería artesanal que involucra a comunidades ... more Este artículo describe y analiza los efectos de la minería artesanal que involucra a comunidades Andoque del Resguardo Aduche (Amazonía colombiana) en su seguridad alimentaria. En términos analíticos, el punto de partida es la existencia de diferentes perspectivas sobre las actividades de las poblaciones indígenas. Algunas de estas –las que se basan en la noción de “carencia”– distorsionan los ensamblajes en los que participan las comunidades indígenas, involucrándolas en una disyuntiva que choca contra su concepto de “abundancia”. Lo paradójico de este caso es que en un mundo de “abundancia amazónica” se inserta un modelo deficitario basado en la extracción del oro, en donde se integran elementos exógenos que dificultan el reensamblaje inicial. Desde una perspectiva alejada de la unicidad cultural, esta investigación aborda la multiplicidad de las prácticas y realidades donde los diversos actores enfrentan dilemas de uso de los recursos comunes, se integran al “fácil” acceso al din...
Metastatic cancer of unknown primary accounts for as many as 3% to 5% of solid tumor patients ref... more Metastatic cancer of unknown primary accounts for as many as 3% to 5% of solid tumor patients referred to oncologists. 1 These are patients for whom a diagnosis of metastatic malignancy is made without knowledge of the site from which the tumor originated despite a thorough history and physical examination with appropriate ancillary testing. The primary site may be either slow growing or else it may have involuted during the course of disease. Cancer of unknown primary represents a clinical setting that necessitates significant interactions between the pathologist, oncologist, and primary physician. The goal of this review is to recount the diagnosis and management of patients with metastatic cancer of unknown primary.
La religión gnóstica tuvo una singular importancia en la literatura de Jorge Luis Borges. Este, a... more La religión gnóstica tuvo una singular importancia en la literatura de Jorge Luis Borges. Este, además de su obra poética y narrativa, es autor de ensayos donde realiza una original relectura de obras canónicas (de Occidente o en el ámbito de Argentina), que nos lleva a apreciaciones tan originales y subversivas como fecundas desde el punto de vista estético. En este estudio analizamos la presencia del gnosticismo en la interpretación crítica que Borges realiza de seis autores.
Studies related to DNA extraction are becoming more ambitious in the sense that large studies are... more Studies related to DNA extraction are becoming more ambitious in the sense that large studies are intended to be carried out with minimum DNA sources. The DNA extracted must be of quality for genetic, forensic, population and genomic studies, these samples must be easy to obtain and product of efficient manipulation.Samples obtained from horsehair are an important technical challenge since they constitute the preferred non-invasive sample for genetic studies in horses, which has been shown to obtain reliable results in a short time. In this sense, working into effective techniques to optimizeDNA extraction of scarse samples is a pertinent task. In this study, different DNA extraction methods were evaluated from mane samples obtained from a population of wild horses from the Region of Arauca in eastern Colombia.Three DNA extraction methods were evaluated (phenol chloroform, alkaline lysis and twocommercial DNA extraction kit), DNA concentration, purity and qualityweredeterminate and ...
Este libro no es una coleccion de articulos al azar, sino el producto de un esfuerzo colectivo qu... more Este libro no es una coleccion de articulos al azar, sino el producto de un esfuerzo colectivo que incluye al grupo de historia, ambiente y politica (consorcio UNAL: Sede Amazonia –Uniandes), asi como a otros grupos de investigacion del IMANI congregados durante el Mes de la Investigacion en Leticia. Dinamiza el Grupo de Trabajo Latinoamericano de Clacso en “Ecologia politica”. Pretende ampliar la reflexion de “gobernabilidad” hacia “gobernanza” – concepto que incluye “gobernamentalidad”-, lo que permite hacer un analisis que desborda marcos reducidamente institucionales y normativos de la politica ambiental expresa o tacita. Toma a la region amazonica como foco regional y de campo, de modo que se puedan especializar mejor las determinaciones ambientales. Apunta a ir construyendo reflexiones que ofrezcan un marco logico-analitico y jerarquia entre distintos factores ambientales y extra ambientales, por ejemplo, la politica agropecuaria energetica o de seguridad democratica. Esto per...
Proyecto PIC-12-INIGEMM-001: Modelo piloto para la determinacion del potencial geologico-mineralo... more Proyecto PIC-12-INIGEMM-001: Modelo piloto para la determinacion del potencial geologico-mineralogico de las zonas Zaruma y Cariamanga a escala 1:100.000
La ponencia presentada por Ivonne Pena, Asesora Comision de Regulacion de Energia y Gas, expone l... more La ponencia presentada por Ivonne Pena, Asesora Comision de Regulacion de Energia y Gas, expone las politicas, regulacion, planeacion, vigilancia, control, competencia y proyectos adelantados por la Comision de regulacion de energia y gas.
The ability to specifically block or degrade cytosolic targets using therapeutic proteins would b... more The ability to specifically block or degrade cytosolic targets using therapeutic proteins would bring tremendous therapeutic opportunities in cancer therapy. Over the last few years, significant progress has been made with respect to tissue targeting, cytosolic delivery, and catalytic inactivation of targets, placing this aim within reach. Here, we developed a mathematical model specifically built for the evaluation of approaches towards cytosolic protein delivery, involving all steps from systemic administration to translocation into the cytosol and target engagement. Focusing on solid cancer tissues, we utilized the model to investigate the effects of microvascular permeability, receptor affinity, the cellular density of targeted receptors, as well as the mode of activity (blocking/degradation) on therapeutic potential. Our analyses provide guidance for the rational optimization of protein design for enhanced activity and highlight the importance of tuning the receptor affinity as...
Este artículo presenta los resultados del uso de laboratorios remotos aplicados a la formación e-... more Este artículo presenta los resultados del uso de laboratorios remotos aplicados a la formación e-learning en ingeniería y ciencias básicas en tiempos del COVID-19. La investigación se llevó acabo porque el coronavirus afectó el sector educación especialmente en la formación de las áreas experimentales donde requieren manipular variables físicas. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estudiantes percibieron una sensación de inmersión en un laboratorio real a pesar de que la experimentación fue mediante la web.
El proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la química en la educación media se reconoce por su impor... more El proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la química en la educación media se reconoce por su importancia y complejidad, lo que ha llevado a la didáctica de las ciencias a orientarse en la búsqueda constante de alternativas innovadoras, encaminadas a minimizar las dificultades presentes en dicho proceso. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar la relevancia de innovar los procesos de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la química por medio del modelo didáctico MAPIC (motivación, apropiación, praxis, interpretación y cuestionamiento), con estudiantes de educación media. El fundamento teórico que soporta este modelo se apoya en las teorías socio pedagógicas propuestas por Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, David Ausubel, Leontiev y Galperin, que permiten explicar y comprender la importancia de la didáctica en la construcción del conocimiento. De igual manera, se muestra un pequeño panorama de algunos modelos relacionados que han sido aplicados para abordar las problemáticas presentes en el proceso...
This article describes and analyses an encounter in the Colombian Amazon between Indigenous pract... more This article describes and analyses an encounter in the Colombian Amazon between Indigenous practices and arrangements to manage their environment and the conservation policies of the State. Indigenous peoples understand their world as populated by powerful human and nonhuman beings; for them, the moral duty of achieving happiness and abundance for all implies sustaining reciprocal and respectful relations with these beings (including the State). In contrast Colombian environmental policy distinguishes between nature and culture, seeking to safeguard landscapes from human interference so that natural processes can unfold unhindered. In practice these partially connected, yet incommensurable worldviews make for a 'perfect storm'opening opportunities for illegal mining. Drawing on recent fieldwork among the Andoke, an ethnic group well acquainted with extractivism in its different historical modalities and presently affronting the fallout of gold dredge mining we narrate how a parallel, non-state governance system makes it difficult for them to care for their land and entertain mutual and respectful relations with human and nonhuman beings (which we translate as 'territorial health'). We conclude by arguing for the need to re-imagine environmental governance in ways that more closely engage with what we call pluriversal governance: a form of (environmental) governance that does ontological justice to those involved in the environmental conflict-including, crucially, Indigenous people.
Revista Bio-grafía Escritos sobre la biología y su enseñanza, 2017
La presente es una propuesta de investigación en Didáctica de las CienciasNaturales y la Educació... more La presente es una propuesta de investigación en Didáctica de las CienciasNaturales y la Educación Ambiental, la cual busca generar un cambio conceptualacerca de las arañas, en estudiantes entre los 8 y los 10 años de edad, delGimnasio Villa Fontana de la ciudad de Tunja; para lograrlo se propone unametodología de pre-test y post-test, para conocer las ideas previas de losestudiantes, en relación a clasificación, caracteres morfológicos, alimentación,reproducción y valoración personal, con esto se diseñarán y desarrollarán talleres,para finalmente evaluar el cambio conceptual producido; dichos talleres seránelaborados teniendo en cuenta los principios del aprendizaje por descubrimiento
The slow adoption of wagon roads on the Andes is an event widely noted. In this article we docume... more The slow adoption of wagon roads on the Andes is an event widely noted. In this article we document the arrival of the first wagon road to the Andes: the Cambao wagon road connecting Bogotá to the Magdalena river valley in 1885. The road projects, its construction and traffic once it opened are presented and discussed using a variety of newly identified archival sources. It is argued that the historic and economic significance of this technological milestone was probably obscured by the all too soon expected arrival of railways.
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between MS and vitamin D levels, a... more OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between MS and vitamin D levels, as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seropositivity and smoking history in a Colombian population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018. We measured vitamin D levels and EBV antibody titers and administered a questionnaire to assess dietary habits, smoking, second-hand smoking and duration of smoking, sunlight exposure, physical activity, and personal and family history in individuals with and without multiple sclerosis during adolescence. A multivariable logistic regression model was then performed to explore the association between vitamin D status and MS. RESULTS A total of 87 individuals with MS (mean age 40.9 years; 65.52% females) and 87 without MS (mean age 55 years; 65.52% females) were included in the analysis. In the multivariable analysis, after controlling for supplementation vitamin D levels did not differ between both groups and no difference was found regarding tobacco smoke exposure. The proportion of individuals who tested positive for anti-EBV nuclear antigen was significantly higher in individuals with MS (95.4% vs 82.76%, p = 0.028) CONCLUSION: : We did not find a statistically significant association between MS and vitamin D levels while anti-EBV nuclear antigen titers behaved as previously described in the literature. This study provides new evidence of the association between MS and different risk factors in our country, reinforcing the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of MS is multifactorial. Further studies are needed to better define the association between environmental factors and the development of MS in low prevalence areas.
Entrustable professional activities: a new proposal for the evaluation of the medical competencie... more Entrustable professional activities: a new proposal for the evaluation of the medical competencies Medical education migrated from a practice-based to a knowledge-based discipline after the publication of the Flexner Report. The emergence of competence-based medical education led to a greater standardization of teaching, allowing students to integrate knowledge, skills and attitudes for the execution of a given task. A challenge is the evaluation of learning. Complex evaluation systems and a consequent atomization that independently assesses different competence components. However, the evaluation carried out at the clinical practice sites allows assessing the overall level of learning. Supervisors observe students' performance and decide if the apprentice can execute a specific task independently. This decision is based upon the trust that the tutor places on the student. Consequently, Ten Cate (2005) proposed the term Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), as a framework for professional practice tasks or responsibilities that can be fully entrusted to students, when they demonstrate the competences that are necessary to execute such activity with an increasing level of autonomy.
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016, 2016
Recently, rainwater has been used to meet the demand for uses other than human consumption. The a... more Recently, rainwater has been used to meet the demand for uses other than human consumption. The artificial wetland—storage tank system built at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ) was built as an alternative source of irrigation for the local area. The system is made up of three components: a catchment system from the drainage pipelines coming from the parking structure, a sub-surface artificial wetland used for the water treatment, and a storage and distribution system for irrigation. A hydraulic and hydrological assessment for the system, a water balance for the system’s tributary areas, and a water demand analysis for the vegetative species at PUJ were carried-out to evaluate the system’s performance. The results from this assessment demonstrated the presence of short-circuiting patterns that affected the wetland hydraulic performance. Furthermore, there were considerable differences between the inflow and the outflow, which suggests a non-optimal water transport inside of the wetland.
Este artículo describe y analiza los efectos de la minería artesanal que involucra a comunidades ... more Este artículo describe y analiza los efectos de la minería artesanal que involucra a comunidades Andoque del Resguardo Aduche (Amazonía colombiana) en su seguridad alimentaria. En términos analíticos, el punto de partida es la existencia de diferentes perspectivas sobre las actividades de las poblaciones indígenas. Algunas de estas –las que se basan en la noción de “carencia”– distorsionan los ensamblajes en los que participan las comunidades indígenas, involucrándolas en una disyuntiva que choca contra su concepto de “abundancia”. Lo paradójico de este caso es que en un mundo de “abundancia amazónica” se inserta un modelo deficitario basado en la extracción del oro, en donde se integran elementos exógenos que dificultan el reensamblaje inicial. Desde una perspectiva alejada de la unicidad cultural, esta investigación aborda la multiplicidad de las prácticas y realidades donde los diversos actores enfrentan dilemas de uso de los recursos comunes, se integran al “fácil” acceso al din...
Metastatic cancer of unknown primary accounts for as many as 3% to 5% of solid tumor patients ref... more Metastatic cancer of unknown primary accounts for as many as 3% to 5% of solid tumor patients referred to oncologists. 1 These are patients for whom a diagnosis of metastatic malignancy is made without knowledge of the site from which the tumor originated despite a thorough history and physical examination with appropriate ancillary testing. The primary site may be either slow growing or else it may have involuted during the course of disease. Cancer of unknown primary represents a clinical setting that necessitates significant interactions between the pathologist, oncologist, and primary physician. The goal of this review is to recount the diagnosis and management of patients with metastatic cancer of unknown primary.
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