Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 2018
Software contracts allow programmers to state rich program properties using the full expressive p... more Software contracts allow programmers to state rich program properties using the full expressive power of an object language. However, since they are enforced at runtime, monitoring contracts imposes significant overhead and delays error discovery. So contract veri cation aims to guarantee all or most of these properties ahead of time, enabling valuable optimizations and yielding a more general assurance of correctness. Existing methods for static contract verification satisfy the needs of more restricted target languages, but fail to address the challenges unique to those conjoining untyped, dynamic programming, higher-order functions, modularity, and statefulness. Our approach tackles all these features at once, in the context of the full Racket system—a mature environment for stateful, higher-order, multi-paradigm programming with or with- out types. Evaluating our method using a set of both pure and stateful benchmarks, we are able to verify 99.94% of checks statically (all but 2...
In patients with localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, although... more In patients with localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, although effective in controlling localized disease, are often associated with significant side effects attributable to injury of adjacent tissues. Moreover, patients with metastatic disease eventually fail systemic hormonal or chemotherapy because of the development of progressive, refractory disease. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel suicide gene therapy that could potentially spare normal tissue while bypassing molecular mechanisms of apoptosis resistance by using chemically inducible effector caspases to trigger apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Initially, we compared the ability of a panel of inducible Fas signaling intermediates to kill human and murine prostate cancer cell lines. On the basis of the superior killing by downstream caspase-1 and caspase-3, replication-deficient adenoviral vectors expressing conditional caspase-1 (Ad-G/iCasp1) or caspase-3 (Ad-...
2010 Third International Conference on Information and Computing, 2010
Abstract Along with the growing software market in recent years, business requirements are chang... more Abstract Along with the growing software market in recent years, business requirements are changing more rapidly and the complexity of enterprise applications is growing continuously. An ideal goal is to encapsulate these requirements into a high-level ...
Abstract Meta material has been demonstrated and applied in fabricating novel structures such as ... more Abstract Meta material has been demonstrated and applied in fabricating novel structures such as super lens, invisible cloaking and perfect absorber. The existence of a meta material layer in a stack consists of positive index material can result in a zero refractive index ...
... Latent-topic representations of text, in turn, allows modeling of linguistic phenomena like s... more ... Latent-topic representations of text, in turn, allows modeling of linguistic phenomena like synonymy and polysemy. ... The probability of topic k of a text block i is computed as follows [12]: ... Then, similar to [22], a top-down clustering algorithm has been applied to find segment ...
... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2608... more ... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2608. Title: Kết quả chương trình hợp tác khảo cổ học giữa trung tâm nghiên cứu Việt Nam học - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội và Đại học Nữ Chiêu Hoà (Nhật Bản) năm 1998 - 2000. ...
Wastewater containing low levels of ammonia (100 mg/L) has been simulated in experiments with swe... more Wastewater containing low levels of ammonia (100 mg/L) has been simulated in experiments with sweep gas membrane distillation at pH 11.5. The effects of feed temperature, gas flow rate and feed flow rate on ammonia removal, permeate flux and selectivity were investigated. The feed temperature is a crucial operating factor, with increasing feed temperature increasing the permeate flux significantly, but reducing the selectivity. The best-performing conditions of highest temperature and fastest gas flow rate resulted in 97% removal of the ammonia, to give a treated water containing only 3.3 mg/L of ammonia.
Background. Vietnam conducted a measles catch-up supplementary immunization activity (SIA) during... more Background. Vietnam conducted a measles catch-up supplementary immunization activity (SIA) during 2002-2003 that targeted children 9 months-10 years of age, followed by subnational SIAs targeting persons up to 20 years of age during 2004 and 2007-2008. A measles epidemic began among young adults in October 2008 in the northern region, spread nationwide during early 2009, and continued during 2010. Methods. We reviewed national epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance data. Measles cases were defined and classified according to World Health Organization recommendations. Results. From October 2008 through January 2010, 7948 confirmed measles cases were reported from 60 of 63 provinces, an incidence of 93 cases per million population. Incidence was 328 cases per million population among children age 1-4 years, 318 cases per million population among infants, and 271 cases per million population among persons aged 20-24 years. Few cases were reported among persons 7-17 or .27 years of age. Median age of cases trended downward over time in all regions. Conclusions. The 2002-2003 measles SIA protected its targeted age group, but this epidemic was not prevented by follow-up subnational SIAs in selected provinces during 2007-2008. Transmission began among young adults and was sustained among children. The outcome of Vietnam's 2010 SIA targeting children only and change in routine schedule may influence elimination strategies for other countries. BACKGROUND Routine Immunization Potential conflicts of interest: none reported. Supplement sponsorship: This article is part of a supplement entitled ''Global Progress Toward Measles Eradication and Prevention of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome,'' which was sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The classical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) subspecies include Mycobacterium tubercul... more The classical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) subspecies include Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Mycobacterium africanum (subtypes I and II), Mycobacterium bovis (along with the attenuated M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG]), and Mycobacterium microti ; increasingly recognized MtbC groupings include Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae and “ Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. canettii .” Previous investigations have documented each MtbC subspecies as a source of animal and/or human tuberculosis. However, study of these organisms is hindered by the lack of a single protocol that quickly and easily differentiates all of the MtbC groupings. Towards this end we have developed a rapid, simple, and reliable PCR-based MtbC typing method that makes use of MtbC chromosomal region-of-difference deletion loci. Here, seven primer pairs (which amplify within the loci 16S rRNA , Rv0577, IS 1561 ′, Rv1510, Rv1970, Rv3877/8, and Rv3120) were run in separate but simultaneous reactions. Each...
IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 2011
In the text summarization field, a table-of-contents is a type of indicative summary that is espe... more In the text summarization field, a table-of-contents is a type of indicative summary that is especially suited for locating information in a long document, or a set of documents. It is also a useful summary for a reader to quickly get an overview of the entire contents. The current models for generating a table-of-contents produced relatively low quality output with many meaningless titles, or titles that have no overlapping meaning with the corresponding contents. This problem may be due to the lack of semantic information and topic information in those models. In this research, we propose to integrate supportive knowledge into the learning models to improve the quality of titles in a generated tableof-contents. The supportive knowledge is derived from a hierarchical clustering of words, which is built from a large collection of raw text, and a topic model, which is directly estimated from the training data. The relatively good results of the experiments showed that the semantic and topic information supplied by supportive knowledge have good effects on title generation, and therefore, they help to improve the quality of the generated table-of-contents.
This paper presents a semi-supervised model for generating a table-of-contents as an indicative s... more This paper presents a semi-supervised model for generating a table-of-contents as an indicative summarization. We mainly focus on using word cluster-based information derived from a large amount of unannotated data by an unsupervised algorithm. We integrate word cluster-based features into a discriminative structured learning model, and show that our approach not only increases the quality of the resulting table-of-contents, but also reduces the number of iterations in the training process. In the experiments, our model shows better results than the baseline model in generating a table-of-contents, about 6.5% improvement in terms of averaged ROUGE-L score.
Text segmentation is a fundamental problem in natural language processing, which has application ... more Text segmentation is a fundamental problem in natural language processing, which has application in information retrieval, question answering, and text summarization. Almost previous works on unsupervised text segmentation are based on the assumption of lexical cohesion, which is indicated by relations between words in the two units of text. However, they only take into account the reiteration, which is a category of lexical cohesion, such as word repetition, synonym or superordinate. In this research, we investigate the non-systematic semantic relation, which is classified as collocation in lexical cohesion. This relation holds between two words or phrases in a discourse when they pertain to a particular theme or topic. This relation has been recognized via a topic model, which is, in turn, acquired from a large collection of texts. The experimental results on the public dataset show the advantages of our approach in comparison to the available unsupervised approaches.
Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 2018
Software contracts allow programmers to state rich program properties using the full expressive p... more Software contracts allow programmers to state rich program properties using the full expressive power of an object language. However, since they are enforced at runtime, monitoring contracts imposes significant overhead and delays error discovery. So contract veri cation aims to guarantee all or most of these properties ahead of time, enabling valuable optimizations and yielding a more general assurance of correctness. Existing methods for static contract verification satisfy the needs of more restricted target languages, but fail to address the challenges unique to those conjoining untyped, dynamic programming, higher-order functions, modularity, and statefulness. Our approach tackles all these features at once, in the context of the full Racket system—a mature environment for stateful, higher-order, multi-paradigm programming with or with- out types. Evaluating our method using a set of both pure and stateful benchmarks, we are able to verify 99.94% of checks statically (all but 2...
In patients with localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, although... more In patients with localized prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy, although effective in controlling localized disease, are often associated with significant side effects attributable to injury of adjacent tissues. Moreover, patients with metastatic disease eventually fail systemic hormonal or chemotherapy because of the development of progressive, refractory disease. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel suicide gene therapy that could potentially spare normal tissue while bypassing molecular mechanisms of apoptosis resistance by using chemically inducible effector caspases to trigger apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Initially, we compared the ability of a panel of inducible Fas signaling intermediates to kill human and murine prostate cancer cell lines. On the basis of the superior killing by downstream caspase-1 and caspase-3, replication-deficient adenoviral vectors expressing conditional caspase-1 (Ad-G/iCasp1) or caspase-3 (Ad-...
2010 Third International Conference on Information and Computing, 2010
Abstract Along with the growing software market in recent years, business requirements are chang... more Abstract Along with the growing software market in recent years, business requirements are changing more rapidly and the complexity of enterprise applications is growing continuously. An ideal goal is to encapsulate these requirements into a high-level ...
Abstract Meta material has been demonstrated and applied in fabricating novel structures such as ... more Abstract Meta material has been demonstrated and applied in fabricating novel structures such as super lens, invisible cloaking and perfect absorber. The existence of a meta material layer in a stack consists of positive index material can result in a zero refractive index ...
... Latent-topic representations of text, in turn, allows modeling of linguistic phenomena like s... more ... Latent-topic representations of text, in turn, allows modeling of linguistic phenomena like synonymy and polysemy. ... The probability of topic k of a text block i is computed as follows [12]: ... Then, similar to [22], a top-down clustering algorithm has been applied to find segment ...
... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2608... more ... Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2608. Title: Kết quả chương trình hợp tác khảo cổ học giữa trung tâm nghiên cứu Việt Nam học - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội và Đại học Nữ Chiêu Hoà (Nhật Bản) năm 1998 - 2000. ...
Wastewater containing low levels of ammonia (100 mg/L) has been simulated in experiments with swe... more Wastewater containing low levels of ammonia (100 mg/L) has been simulated in experiments with sweep gas membrane distillation at pH 11.5. The effects of feed temperature, gas flow rate and feed flow rate on ammonia removal, permeate flux and selectivity were investigated. The feed temperature is a crucial operating factor, with increasing feed temperature increasing the permeate flux significantly, but reducing the selectivity. The best-performing conditions of highest temperature and fastest gas flow rate resulted in 97% removal of the ammonia, to give a treated water containing only 3.3 mg/L of ammonia.
Background. Vietnam conducted a measles catch-up supplementary immunization activity (SIA) during... more Background. Vietnam conducted a measles catch-up supplementary immunization activity (SIA) during 2002-2003 that targeted children 9 months-10 years of age, followed by subnational SIAs targeting persons up to 20 years of age during 2004 and 2007-2008. A measles epidemic began among young adults in October 2008 in the northern region, spread nationwide during early 2009, and continued during 2010. Methods. We reviewed national epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance data. Measles cases were defined and classified according to World Health Organization recommendations. Results. From October 2008 through January 2010, 7948 confirmed measles cases were reported from 60 of 63 provinces, an incidence of 93 cases per million population. Incidence was 328 cases per million population among children age 1-4 years, 318 cases per million population among infants, and 271 cases per million population among persons aged 20-24 years. Few cases were reported among persons 7-17 or .27 years of age. Median age of cases trended downward over time in all regions. Conclusions. The 2002-2003 measles SIA protected its targeted age group, but this epidemic was not prevented by follow-up subnational SIAs in selected provinces during 2007-2008. Transmission began among young adults and was sustained among children. The outcome of Vietnam's 2010 SIA targeting children only and change in routine schedule may influence elimination strategies for other countries. BACKGROUND Routine Immunization Potential conflicts of interest: none reported. Supplement sponsorship: This article is part of a supplement entitled ''Global Progress Toward Measles Eradication and Prevention of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome,'' which was sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The classical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) subspecies include Mycobacterium tubercul... more The classical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) subspecies include Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Mycobacterium africanum (subtypes I and II), Mycobacterium bovis (along with the attenuated M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG]), and Mycobacterium microti ; increasingly recognized MtbC groupings include Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae and “ Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. canettii .” Previous investigations have documented each MtbC subspecies as a source of animal and/or human tuberculosis. However, study of these organisms is hindered by the lack of a single protocol that quickly and easily differentiates all of the MtbC groupings. Towards this end we have developed a rapid, simple, and reliable PCR-based MtbC typing method that makes use of MtbC chromosomal region-of-difference deletion loci. Here, seven primer pairs (which amplify within the loci 16S rRNA , Rv0577, IS 1561 ′, Rv1510, Rv1970, Rv3877/8, and Rv3120) were run in separate but simultaneous reactions. Each...
IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 2011
In the text summarization field, a table-of-contents is a type of indicative summary that is espe... more In the text summarization field, a table-of-contents is a type of indicative summary that is especially suited for locating information in a long document, or a set of documents. It is also a useful summary for a reader to quickly get an overview of the entire contents. The current models for generating a table-of-contents produced relatively low quality output with many meaningless titles, or titles that have no overlapping meaning with the corresponding contents. This problem may be due to the lack of semantic information and topic information in those models. In this research, we propose to integrate supportive knowledge into the learning models to improve the quality of titles in a generated tableof-contents. The supportive knowledge is derived from a hierarchical clustering of words, which is built from a large collection of raw text, and a topic model, which is directly estimated from the training data. The relatively good results of the experiments showed that the semantic and topic information supplied by supportive knowledge have good effects on title generation, and therefore, they help to improve the quality of the generated table-of-contents.
This paper presents a semi-supervised model for generating a table-of-contents as an indicative s... more This paper presents a semi-supervised model for generating a table-of-contents as an indicative summarization. We mainly focus on using word cluster-based information derived from a large amount of unannotated data by an unsupervised algorithm. We integrate word cluster-based features into a discriminative structured learning model, and show that our approach not only increases the quality of the resulting table-of-contents, but also reduces the number of iterations in the training process. In the experiments, our model shows better results than the baseline model in generating a table-of-contents, about 6.5% improvement in terms of averaged ROUGE-L score.
Text segmentation is a fundamental problem in natural language processing, which has application ... more Text segmentation is a fundamental problem in natural language processing, which has application in information retrieval, question answering, and text summarization. Almost previous works on unsupervised text segmentation are based on the assumption of lexical cohesion, which is indicated by relations between words in the two units of text. However, they only take into account the reiteration, which is a category of lexical cohesion, such as word repetition, synonym or superordinate. In this research, we investigate the non-systematic semantic relation, which is classified as collocation in lexical cohesion. This relation holds between two words or phrases in a discourse when they pertain to a particular theme or topic. This relation has been recognized via a topic model, which is, in turn, acquired from a large collection of texts. The experimental results on the public dataset show the advantages of our approach in comparison to the available unsupervised approaches.
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