Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a public health concern in low/middle-i... more Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a public health concern in low/middle-income countries, and is known to cause severe morbidity and mortality for mothers and newborns. However, evidence reported for the incidence and risk factors of GDM is scant in Ethiopia. We aimed to assess the incidence of, and risk factors for, GDM in Goba town, Southeast Ethiopia. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Goba town, Southeast Ethiopia. Participants Four hundred eighty pregnant women on antenatal care follow-up from 30 April to 30 September 2021. Primary and secondary outcomes Incidence and risk factors of GDM using fasting capillary blood glucose. Log-binomial model was used to identify the risk factors of GDM. Adjusted relative risk (aRR), along with 95% CIs, were calculated to estimate the strength of associations. Results The cumulative incidence rate of GDM in this study was 15.7% (95% CI: 12.3% to 19.2%). Being unemployed (aRR=2.73; 95% CI: 1.36 to 5.47), having a family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (3.01; 2.09 to 4.35), low physical activity (2.43; 1.11 to 5.32), inadequate dietary diversity (1.48; 1.29 to 1.92), anaemia (2.51; 1.32 to 3.54) and antenatal depression (4.95; 3.35 to 7.31) were significantly associated with GDM. Conclusion The cumulative incidence of GDM was relatively high among the study participants. Having antenatal depression symptoms, low physical activity, inadequate dietary diversity, being unemployed, anaemia and a family history of DM were significant risk factors for GDM.
Dengue virus infection is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called Dengue virus, which is s... more Dengue virus infection is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called Dengue virus, which is spread by arthropods. It is a fast growing acute febrile disease with potentially lethal consequences that is a global public health problem, mostly in tropical and subtropical countries. In Ethiopia dengue fever is understudied despite the fact that the virus is still being transmitted and viral infection rates are rising. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of DENV infection in Ethiopia. A literature search was done on PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar databases to identify studies published before July, 2023. Random effects and fixed effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence of all the three markers. The Inconsistency Index was used to assess the level of heterogeneity. A total of 11 articles were included in this review. Majority of the studies had moderate risk of bias and no study had a high risk of bias. A meta-analysis ...
Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an intervention to reduce post-o... more Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an intervention to reduce post-operative mortality in Africa. We ran this concurrent evaluation to understand the process of intervention delivery. Methods Mixed-methods process evaluation, including field-notes, interviews and post-trial questionnaire responses. Qualitative analysis used the framework method with subsequent creation of comparative case studies, grouping hospitals by intervention fidelity. Post-trial questionnaire was developed using initial qualitative analyses. Categorical variables were summarised as count (percentage) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range (IQR)). Odds ratios (OR) were used to rank influences by impact on fidelity. Results Data-set included eight in-depth case studies, and 96 questionnaire responses (response rate 67%) plus intervention fidelity data for each trial site. 57% (n= 55/96) of hospitals achieved intervention delivery using an inclusive definition of fidelity. Delivery of the ASOS-2 interventions and data collection presented a significant burden to the investigators, outstripping limited resources. The influences most associated with fidelity were: surgical staff enthusiasm for the trial (OR 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.3-7.0)); nursing management support of the trial (OR 2.6 (1.1-6.5)); performance of a dummy run (OR 2.6(1.1-6.1)); nursing colleagues seeing the value of the intervention(s) (OR 2.1 (0.9-5.7)), and the principal investigator's belief in the effectiveness of the intervention (OR 3.2 (1.2-9.4)). Conclusion ASOS-2 has proved that coordinated interventional research across Africa is possible but delivering the ASOS-2 interventions was a major challenge for many investigators. Future improvement science efforts must include better planning for intervention delivery, additional support to investigators and the promotion of strong inter-professional teamwork.
Objective We aimed to assess the prevalences of foot ulcer and foot self-care practices, and iden... more Objective We aimed to assess the prevalences of foot ulcer and foot self-care practices, and identify associated factors in adult patients with diabetes attending a referral hospital in south-east Ethiopia. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 267 diabetic patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer and foot self-care practice. Results The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.42–15.05). One hundred and forty-four (53.9%; 47.9, 59.9) patients demonstrated good foot self-care. Living rurally (adjusted odds ratio 2.27; 95% CI: 1.86–6.97), lack of regular exercise (3.91; 1.51–10.10), peripheral neuropathy (2.77; 1.05–7.33) and foot calluses (5.69; 1.74–18.59) were associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Urban inhabitants (2.01; 1.09–3.69), patients with diabetes for >10 years (2.92; 1.48–5.77), women (2.95; 1.66–5.22), and patients with a glucometer at home (2.05; 1....
Background: Pregnant women's anemia is one of the most common public health issues in develop... more Background: Pregnant women's anemia is one of the most common public health issues in developing countries, including Ethiopia. According to a WHO report from 2014, anemia affects approximately 56 million pregnant women worldwide. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was used on 343 pregnant women. Data was gathered using a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The strength of the association was measured using adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval, and statistical significance was declared using a P-value < 0.05. Results: Consumption of tea immediately after meal (AOR: 6.523, 95 % CI :1.314-32.377), prolonged menstrual bleeding >8 days (AOR:7.052 95 % CI:(2.107-23.608), undernutrition AOR: 0.277 95% CI :(083,920) and maternal age 20-30 years (AOR: 6.279 95 % CI :1.190-33.147) were determinants of Anemia.
International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2012
Background: Integrating mental health into primarily health care and studying risk for mental hea... more Background: Integrating mental health into primarily health care and studying risk for mental health particularly depression needs assessment of different factors including those that impede diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. But so far the numbers of literature for local context to analyze risk factors for depression and its treatment are scare. The objective of this study was to assess risk factors and health service attendance for depression among adults, in Ethiopia. Methods: For this analysis, data from the Ethiopian National health survey was used. The Ethiopian national health survey studied 4,925 adults aged 18 years and older to obtain among other things, data on depression episodes, socio-demographic, chronic diseases, life style factors and treatment receiving for depression episodes in the past twelve months using questionnaire from world health organization (WHO). Prevalence of Depression in respondents based on ICD-10 criteria was estimated and logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for depression and treatment receiving. Results: The prevalence of depressive episode was 9.1% (95% CI: 8.39-9.90). In a Univariate analysis, residence, age, marital status, educational status, number of diagnosed chronic non communicable diseases (heart diseases, diabetic mellitus and arthritis) and alcohol drinking status were associated with depression. After full adjustment for possible confounding, odds ratios for depression were significantly higher only for older age, divorced and widowed, number of diagnosed chronic non communicable diseases and alcohol drinking status. The proportion of attending health service among those with depression episodes was 22.9%. After full control for all socio-demographic variables the only predictor variable was educational status, being in grade 5-8 had a higher odds (OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.23-5.43) and 9-12 grade (OR=1.8 95% CI: 1.45-6.12) of attending service for depressive episodes. Conclusions: Age, marital status, number of diagnosed chronic non communicable diseases and alcohol consumption were the most important risk factors for depressive episodes. Generally there was lower use of health service for depressive episodes and low educational status was found to be barriers for service use. There is a need to formulate policy for mental health and training of primary health care workers in mental health to early identify and treat cases with depression episodes, so as to decrease prevalence of depression episodes and to improve accessibility of service use.
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211066682 for COVID-19-related anxiety and k... more Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211066682 for COVID-19-related anxiety and knowledge toward its preventive measures among patients with chronic medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and West Arsi zones, Ethiopia by Ahmed Yasin, Tesfaye Asefa, Abule Takele, Genet Fikadu, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Birhanu Tura, Addisu Gemmechu, Mohammed awel Abduku, Demisu Zenbaba, Edao Tesa, Alelign Tasew, Yohannes Tekalign, Adem Abdulkadir, Kenbon Seyoum, Garoma Morka, Adem Esmael, Gemechu Ganfure, Zinash Teferu, Eshetu Nigussie, Alemu Girma, Tadele Regasa, Kebebe Bekele, Abdi Tesema, Makida Kemal, Heyder Usman, Gebisa Haile, Asfaw Negero, Daniel Atlaw, Safi Haji, Mohammedaman Mamma, Damtew Solomon and Habtamu Gezahegn in SAGE Open Medicine
BackgroundObesity and overweight are known are public health scourge challenges affecting populat... more BackgroundObesity and overweight are known are public health scourge challenges affecting populations across the world. These conditions have been associated with a wide range of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. In Ethiopia, literature regarding the burden of central (abdominal) obesity is scarce. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing the prevalence and risk factors associated with central obesity among adults in Ethiopia.MethodsFrom May to July 2021, a community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 694 adults aged ≥18 years in administrative towns of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling followed by systematic random sampling was employed to identify study participants. Waist and hip circumferences were measured using standard protocols. The World Health Organization STEPS wise tool was used to assess risk factors associated with central obesity. Bi-variable and multi-variable binar...
Back ground The removal of discussion on sexual matters from the control of the community resulte... more Back ground The removal of discussion on sexual matters from the control of the community resulted in individual decisions about when, where, with whom and for what purpose to have sexual intercourse. This kind of decision make Students in higher learning institutions vulnerable to many sexual and reproductive health problems such as unwanted pregnancy, complications of unsafe abortion ,sexually transmitted infections , prevailing HIV/AIDS pandemic etc. These problems may be common among Jigjiga University students since there is lack of proper counseling and other reproductive health services. Previous studies done on predictors of sexual experience were limited to a narrow range of socio-demographic variables and individual behavior, which have small or modest effect on behaviors. Objective The aim of this study was to assess sexual experience and their correlates among unmarried youth in Jigjiga University. Method A cross sectional quantitative study design was used to study sexu...
Introduction The new coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the hi... more Introduction The new coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the highly contagious novel coronavirus which has currently overwhelmed the world. Realizing a comprehensive set of infection prevention measures is a key to minimize the spread of this virus and its impacts in all healthcare settings. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the compliance towards COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among health professionals in selected public hospitals, southeast Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 health professionals in public hospitals of southeast Ethiopia from October 1 to 31, 2020. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by interview using structured and pretested questionnaires. Ordinary logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio. To declare the statistical significance of factors as...
Background: Providing good-quality care is one of the most effective ways of ensuring that matern... more Background: Providing good-quality care is one of the most effective ways of ensuring that maternal health services are used and that women's lives are saved. This quality care can be achieved through improving the women-friendly care services. The women-friendly approach focuses on women’s rights to have access to quality care for themselves as individuals, as mothers, and for their infants. However, access to quality health services is not guaranteed for many women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the level of women-friendly care provision and associated factors among mothers in the immediate post-delivery period at public hospitals of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia 2021. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was employed among mothers in the immediate post-delivery period in public hospitals of Bale Zone from March 1-30, 2021. A total of 363 mothers in the immediate postnatal period were included in this study. To re...
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as 2019-nCoV cluster of acute respiratory illnes... more Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as 2019-nCoV cluster of acute respiratory illness with unknown causes, which occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in China, was first reported to World Health Organization country office as of December 30, 2019. People with medical illness are at a higher risk for coronavirus disease, and the pandemic influences mental health and causes psychological problems, particularly in those with chronic medical illness. Hence, this study aimed to assess coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety and the knowledge on its preventive measures among patients with medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and Arsi zones Objective: To assess coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety and knowledge toward coronavirus disease 2019 preventive measures among patients with chronic medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and West Arsi zones. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in ...
Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global aver... more Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03853824. Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69-1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Background: Urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria from the digestive tract which climbs t... more Background: Urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria from the digestive tract which climbs the opening of the urethra and begins to multiply to cause infection. This study aimed to assess the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June-August, 2019. A total of 234 pregnant women were enrolled; data were collected using a structured questionnaire by a trained interviewer. Urine samples were collected from all pregnant women and culture on cysteine lysine electrolytes deficiency medium. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the study participants with relevant variables. Logistic regression was used for data comparison. P-value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of UTI was 23.9% among b...
Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high... more Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. Methods We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03853824. Findings Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69–1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. Interpretation This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. Translations For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Background: Hand washing remains a key measure for intercepting the dispatch of the Coronavirus d... more Background: Hand washing remains a key measure for intercepting the dispatch of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, hand washing must be perpetuated properly using soap and water for at least 20 seconds. In response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, various hospitals have imposed mandatory hand washing to everyone prior entering the facilities, and when leaving. This study aimed to assess the hand washing compliance among visitors of a university referral hospital. Methods: A non-participatory observational study was conducted in the main entrance of the hospital from April 27 to May 3, 2020, to measure hand washing compliance of its visitors. The quality of hand washing was assessed via direct observation for compliance with the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) core steps. Data were collected using Open Data Kit (ODK) mobile application. Results: A total of 1,282 hospital visitors were observed, of which 874(68.2%) were males. Full hand washing compliances were ...
Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a public health concern in low/middle-i... more Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a public health concern in low/middle-income countries, and is known to cause severe morbidity and mortality for mothers and newborns. However, evidence reported for the incidence and risk factors of GDM is scant in Ethiopia. We aimed to assess the incidence of, and risk factors for, GDM in Goba town, Southeast Ethiopia. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Goba town, Southeast Ethiopia. Participants Four hundred eighty pregnant women on antenatal care follow-up from 30 April to 30 September 2021. Primary and secondary outcomes Incidence and risk factors of GDM using fasting capillary blood glucose. Log-binomial model was used to identify the risk factors of GDM. Adjusted relative risk (aRR), along with 95% CIs, were calculated to estimate the strength of associations. Results The cumulative incidence rate of GDM in this study was 15.7% (95% CI: 12.3% to 19.2%). Being unemployed (aRR=2.73; 95% CI: 1.36 to 5.47), having a family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (3.01; 2.09 to 4.35), low physical activity (2.43; 1.11 to 5.32), inadequate dietary diversity (1.48; 1.29 to 1.92), anaemia (2.51; 1.32 to 3.54) and antenatal depression (4.95; 3.35 to 7.31) were significantly associated with GDM. Conclusion The cumulative incidence of GDM was relatively high among the study participants. Having antenatal depression symptoms, low physical activity, inadequate dietary diversity, being unemployed, anaemia and a family history of DM were significant risk factors for GDM.
Dengue virus infection is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called Dengue virus, which is s... more Dengue virus infection is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called Dengue virus, which is spread by arthropods. It is a fast growing acute febrile disease with potentially lethal consequences that is a global public health problem, mostly in tropical and subtropical countries. In Ethiopia dengue fever is understudied despite the fact that the virus is still being transmitted and viral infection rates are rising. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of DENV infection in Ethiopia. A literature search was done on PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar databases to identify studies published before July, 2023. Random effects and fixed effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence of all the three markers. The Inconsistency Index was used to assess the level of heterogeneity. A total of 11 articles were included in this review. Majority of the studies had moderate risk of bias and no study had a high risk of bias. A meta-analysis ...
Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an intervention to reduce post-o... more Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an intervention to reduce post-operative mortality in Africa. We ran this concurrent evaluation to understand the process of intervention delivery. Methods Mixed-methods process evaluation, including field-notes, interviews and post-trial questionnaire responses. Qualitative analysis used the framework method with subsequent creation of comparative case studies, grouping hospitals by intervention fidelity. Post-trial questionnaire was developed using initial qualitative analyses. Categorical variables were summarised as count (percentage) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range (IQR)). Odds ratios (OR) were used to rank influences by impact on fidelity. Results Data-set included eight in-depth case studies, and 96 questionnaire responses (response rate 67%) plus intervention fidelity data for each trial site. 57% (n= 55/96) of hospitals achieved intervention delivery using an inclusive definition of fidelity. Delivery of the ASOS-2 interventions and data collection presented a significant burden to the investigators, outstripping limited resources. The influences most associated with fidelity were: surgical staff enthusiasm for the trial (OR 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.3-7.0)); nursing management support of the trial (OR 2.6 (1.1-6.5)); performance of a dummy run (OR 2.6(1.1-6.1)); nursing colleagues seeing the value of the intervention(s) (OR 2.1 (0.9-5.7)), and the principal investigator's belief in the effectiveness of the intervention (OR 3.2 (1.2-9.4)). Conclusion ASOS-2 has proved that coordinated interventional research across Africa is possible but delivering the ASOS-2 interventions was a major challenge for many investigators. Future improvement science efforts must include better planning for intervention delivery, additional support to investigators and the promotion of strong inter-professional teamwork.
Objective We aimed to assess the prevalences of foot ulcer and foot self-care practices, and iden... more Objective We aimed to assess the prevalences of foot ulcer and foot self-care practices, and identify associated factors in adult patients with diabetes attending a referral hospital in south-east Ethiopia. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 267 diabetic patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer and foot self-care practice. Results The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.42–15.05). One hundred and forty-four (53.9%; 47.9, 59.9) patients demonstrated good foot self-care. Living rurally (adjusted odds ratio 2.27; 95% CI: 1.86–6.97), lack of regular exercise (3.91; 1.51–10.10), peripheral neuropathy (2.77; 1.05–7.33) and foot calluses (5.69; 1.74–18.59) were associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Urban inhabitants (2.01; 1.09–3.69), patients with diabetes for >10 years (2.92; 1.48–5.77), women (2.95; 1.66–5.22), and patients with a glucometer at home (2.05; 1....
Background: Pregnant women's anemia is one of the most common public health issues in develop... more Background: Pregnant women's anemia is one of the most common public health issues in developing countries, including Ethiopia. According to a WHO report from 2014, anemia affects approximately 56 million pregnant women worldwide. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was used on 343 pregnant women. Data was gathered using a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The strength of the association was measured using adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval, and statistical significance was declared using a P-value < 0.05. Results: Consumption of tea immediately after meal (AOR: 6.523, 95 % CI :1.314-32.377), prolonged menstrual bleeding >8 days (AOR:7.052 95 % CI:(2.107-23.608), undernutrition AOR: 0.277 95% CI :(083,920) and maternal age 20-30 years (AOR: 6.279 95 % CI :1.190-33.147) were determinants of Anemia.
International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2012
Background: Integrating mental health into primarily health care and studying risk for mental hea... more Background: Integrating mental health into primarily health care and studying risk for mental health particularly depression needs assessment of different factors including those that impede diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. But so far the numbers of literature for local context to analyze risk factors for depression and its treatment are scare. The objective of this study was to assess risk factors and health service attendance for depression among adults, in Ethiopia. Methods: For this analysis, data from the Ethiopian National health survey was used. The Ethiopian national health survey studied 4,925 adults aged 18 years and older to obtain among other things, data on depression episodes, socio-demographic, chronic diseases, life style factors and treatment receiving for depression episodes in the past twelve months using questionnaire from world health organization (WHO). Prevalence of Depression in respondents based on ICD-10 criteria was estimated and logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for depression and treatment receiving. Results: The prevalence of depressive episode was 9.1% (95% CI: 8.39-9.90). In a Univariate analysis, residence, age, marital status, educational status, number of diagnosed chronic non communicable diseases (heart diseases, diabetic mellitus and arthritis) and alcohol drinking status were associated with depression. After full adjustment for possible confounding, odds ratios for depression were significantly higher only for older age, divorced and widowed, number of diagnosed chronic non communicable diseases and alcohol drinking status. The proportion of attending health service among those with depression episodes was 22.9%. After full control for all socio-demographic variables the only predictor variable was educational status, being in grade 5-8 had a higher odds (OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.23-5.43) and 9-12 grade (OR=1.8 95% CI: 1.45-6.12) of attending service for depressive episodes. Conclusions: Age, marital status, number of diagnosed chronic non communicable diseases and alcohol consumption were the most important risk factors for depressive episodes. Generally there was lower use of health service for depressive episodes and low educational status was found to be barriers for service use. There is a need to formulate policy for mental health and training of primary health care workers in mental health to early identify and treat cases with depression episodes, so as to decrease prevalence of depression episodes and to improve accessibility of service use.
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211066682 for COVID-19-related anxiety and k... more Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211066682 for COVID-19-related anxiety and knowledge toward its preventive measures among patients with chronic medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and West Arsi zones, Ethiopia by Ahmed Yasin, Tesfaye Asefa, Abule Takele, Genet Fikadu, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Birhanu Tura, Addisu Gemmechu, Mohammed awel Abduku, Demisu Zenbaba, Edao Tesa, Alelign Tasew, Yohannes Tekalign, Adem Abdulkadir, Kenbon Seyoum, Garoma Morka, Adem Esmael, Gemechu Ganfure, Zinash Teferu, Eshetu Nigussie, Alemu Girma, Tadele Regasa, Kebebe Bekele, Abdi Tesema, Makida Kemal, Heyder Usman, Gebisa Haile, Asfaw Negero, Daniel Atlaw, Safi Haji, Mohammedaman Mamma, Damtew Solomon and Habtamu Gezahegn in SAGE Open Medicine
BackgroundObesity and overweight are known are public health scourge challenges affecting populat... more BackgroundObesity and overweight are known are public health scourge challenges affecting populations across the world. These conditions have been associated with a wide range of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. In Ethiopia, literature regarding the burden of central (abdominal) obesity is scarce. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing the prevalence and risk factors associated with central obesity among adults in Ethiopia.MethodsFrom May to July 2021, a community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 694 adults aged ≥18 years in administrative towns of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling followed by systematic random sampling was employed to identify study participants. Waist and hip circumferences were measured using standard protocols. The World Health Organization STEPS wise tool was used to assess risk factors associated with central obesity. Bi-variable and multi-variable binar...
Back ground The removal of discussion on sexual matters from the control of the community resulte... more Back ground The removal of discussion on sexual matters from the control of the community resulted in individual decisions about when, where, with whom and for what purpose to have sexual intercourse. This kind of decision make Students in higher learning institutions vulnerable to many sexual and reproductive health problems such as unwanted pregnancy, complications of unsafe abortion ,sexually transmitted infections , prevailing HIV/AIDS pandemic etc. These problems may be common among Jigjiga University students since there is lack of proper counseling and other reproductive health services. Previous studies done on predictors of sexual experience were limited to a narrow range of socio-demographic variables and individual behavior, which have small or modest effect on behaviors. Objective The aim of this study was to assess sexual experience and their correlates among unmarried youth in Jigjiga University. Method A cross sectional quantitative study design was used to study sexu...
Introduction The new coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the hi... more Introduction The new coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the highly contagious novel coronavirus which has currently overwhelmed the world. Realizing a comprehensive set of infection prevention measures is a key to minimize the spread of this virus and its impacts in all healthcare settings. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the compliance towards COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among health professionals in selected public hospitals, southeast Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 health professionals in public hospitals of southeast Ethiopia from October 1 to 31, 2020. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by interview using structured and pretested questionnaires. Ordinary logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio. To declare the statistical significance of factors as...
Background: Providing good-quality care is one of the most effective ways of ensuring that matern... more Background: Providing good-quality care is one of the most effective ways of ensuring that maternal health services are used and that women's lives are saved. This quality care can be achieved through improving the women-friendly care services. The women-friendly approach focuses on women’s rights to have access to quality care for themselves as individuals, as mothers, and for their infants. However, access to quality health services is not guaranteed for many women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the level of women-friendly care provision and associated factors among mothers in the immediate post-delivery period at public hospitals of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia 2021. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was employed among mothers in the immediate post-delivery period in public hospitals of Bale Zone from March 1-30, 2021. A total of 363 mothers in the immediate postnatal period were included in this study. To re...
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as 2019-nCoV cluster of acute respiratory illnes... more Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as 2019-nCoV cluster of acute respiratory illness with unknown causes, which occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in China, was first reported to World Health Organization country office as of December 30, 2019. People with medical illness are at a higher risk for coronavirus disease, and the pandemic influences mental health and causes psychological problems, particularly in those with chronic medical illness. Hence, this study aimed to assess coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety and the knowledge on its preventive measures among patients with medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and Arsi zones Objective: To assess coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety and knowledge toward coronavirus disease 2019 preventive measures among patients with chronic medical illness on follow-up in public hospitals of Bale, East Bale, and West Arsi zones. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in ...
Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global aver... more Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03853824. Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69-1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Background: Urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria from the digestive tract which climbs t... more Background: Urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria from the digestive tract which climbs the opening of the urethra and begins to multiply to cause infection. This study aimed to assess the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June-August, 2019. A total of 234 pregnant women were enrolled; data were collected using a structured questionnaire by a trained interviewer. Urine samples were collected from all pregnant women and culture on cysteine lysine electrolytes deficiency medium. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the study participants with relevant variables. Logistic regression was used for data comparison. P-value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of UTI was 23.9% among b...
Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high... more Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. Methods We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03853824. Findings Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69–1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. Interpretation This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. Translations For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Background: Hand washing remains a key measure for intercepting the dispatch of the Coronavirus d... more Background: Hand washing remains a key measure for intercepting the dispatch of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, hand washing must be perpetuated properly using soap and water for at least 20 seconds. In response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, various hospitals have imposed mandatory hand washing to everyone prior entering the facilities, and when leaving. This study aimed to assess the hand washing compliance among visitors of a university referral hospital. Methods: A non-participatory observational study was conducted in the main entrance of the hospital from April 27 to May 3, 2020, to measure hand washing compliance of its visitors. The quality of hand washing was assessed via direct observation for compliance with the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) core steps. Data were collected using Open Data Kit (ODK) mobile application. Results: A total of 1,282 hospital visitors were observed, of which 874(68.2%) were males. Full hand washing compliances were ...
Uploads
Papers by alelign tasew