Background: Disabling medically unexplained physical symptoms occur in 16% of all patients in pri... more Background: Disabling medically unexplained physical symptoms occur in 16% of all patients in primary care. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a cognitivebehavioral intervention by the family physician. Method: In a controlled design with detailed information on patient selection, 6,409 patients were screened on somatoform disorder, and 65 participants were allocated to care-as-usual or the experimental condition. Results: After 6 and 12 months, the cognitive-behavioral intervention by trained family physicians was not more effective than care-as-usual. Conclusion: Possibly, the intensity of treatment was insufficient for the severe and persistent symptoms that were encountered in primary care.
A new type of multielectrode array for studies of cultured neural networks is described. It is a ... more A new type of multielectrode array for studies of cultured neural networks is described. It is a silicon microstructure, a “neurochip”, which embodies wells on the surface of a chip that are designed to contain single neurons. Each well has a platinized gold electrode which can be used for stimulating a neuron in the well or for recording from it. Each well is covered with a structure which provides tunnels through which axons and dendrites can grow out and a central hole through which the neurons can be loaded into the well. The processes thus trap the cells in the wells. The first application of this method is described: A4×4 array of wells spaced 100 μm apart. Results are described which show long term survival and outgrowth of neurons from the wells, and the use of well electrodes to both record and stimulate electrical activity of individual neurons
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1997
Work in progress toward the creation of a "cultured neuron probe" is described. This is a silicon... more Work in progress toward the creation of a "cultured neuron probe" is described. This is a silicon structure similar to that for a multielectrode probe, but with embedded neurons which are intended to grow out and integrate with the neurons of a host nervous system into which the probe has been inserted. Each probe neuron is in close proximity to an electrode which is designed for extracellular stimation and recording from the probe neuron. In this way the probe neurons may provide a highly specific long-term communication link between external electronics and the host. Initial experiments to establish the feasibility of the concept will be done in rat hippocampus.
The neurochip is a silicon micromachined device upon which cultured mammalian neurons can be cont... more The neurochip is a silicon micromachined device upon which cultured mammalian neurons can be continuously and individually monitored and stimulated. The neurochip is based upon a 4 × 4 array of metal electrodes, each of which has a caged well structure designed to hold a single mature cell body while permitting normal outgrowth of neural processes. We demonstrate that this device is capable of maintaining cell survival, and that the electrodes can both record and stimulate electrical activity in individual cells with no crosstalk between channels.
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 2000
... BY ANGELA TOOKER, ELLIS MENG, JON ERICKSON, YU-CHONG TAI ... In addition, the neurons in the ... more ... BY ANGELA TOOKER, ELLIS MENG, JON ERICKSON, YU-CHONG TAI ... In addition, the neurons in the neurowells tended to be pulled away from the bottom of the well, and hence from the electrode, by the neu-rites growing out through the channels on top of the well. ...
Here we present a surface-micromachined Parylene neuro-cage array for the in vitro study of live ... more Here we present a surface-micromachined Parylene neuro-cage array for the in vitro study of live neural networks. Various types of neuro-cages have been fabricated and several adhesion promotion techniques have been explored. The biocompatibility and mechanical robustness of Parylene neuro-cages have been demonstrated through cell culture experiments. Dissociated neuronal cell bodies have been inserted one to a cage and cultured,
We present a novel process to produce parylene cages for the in vitro study of cultured neural ne... more We present a novel process to produce parylene cages for the in vitro study of cultured neural networks. For the first time, a neuro-cage fabrication technology is demonstrated that is scalable to high density cage arrays and able to withstand the chemical and mechanical rigors of supporting cellular cultures for long-term study.
Background: Disabling medically unexplained physical symptoms occur in 16% of all patients in pri... more Background: Disabling medically unexplained physical symptoms occur in 16% of all patients in primary care. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a cognitivebehavioral intervention by the family physician. Method: In a controlled design with detailed information on patient selection, 6,409 patients were screened on somatoform disorder, and 65 participants were allocated to care-as-usual or the experimental condition. Results: After 6 and 12 months, the cognitive-behavioral intervention by trained family physicians was not more effective than care-as-usual. Conclusion: Possibly, the intensity of treatment was insufficient for the severe and persistent symptoms that were encountered in primary care.
A new type of multielectrode array for studies of cultured neural networks is described. It is a ... more A new type of multielectrode array for studies of cultured neural networks is described. It is a silicon microstructure, a “neurochip”, which embodies wells on the surface of a chip that are designed to contain single neurons. Each well has a platinized gold electrode which can be used for stimulating a neuron in the well or for recording from it. Each well is covered with a structure which provides tunnels through which axons and dendrites can grow out and a central hole through which the neurons can be loaded into the well. The processes thus trap the cells in the wells. The first application of this method is described: A4×4 array of wells spaced 100 μm apart. Results are described which show long term survival and outgrowth of neurons from the wells, and the use of well electrodes to both record and stimulate electrical activity of individual neurons
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1997
Work in progress toward the creation of a "cultured neuron probe" is described. This is a silicon... more Work in progress toward the creation of a "cultured neuron probe" is described. This is a silicon structure similar to that for a multielectrode probe, but with embedded neurons which are intended to grow out and integrate with the neurons of a host nervous system into which the probe has been inserted. Each probe neuron is in close proximity to an electrode which is designed for extracellular stimation and recording from the probe neuron. In this way the probe neurons may provide a highly specific long-term communication link between external electronics and the host. Initial experiments to establish the feasibility of the concept will be done in rat hippocampus.
The neurochip is a silicon micromachined device upon which cultured mammalian neurons can be cont... more The neurochip is a silicon micromachined device upon which cultured mammalian neurons can be continuously and individually monitored and stimulated. The neurochip is based upon a 4 × 4 array of metal electrodes, each of which has a caged well structure designed to hold a single mature cell body while permitting normal outgrowth of neural processes. We demonstrate that this device is capable of maintaining cell survival, and that the electrodes can both record and stimulate electrical activity in individual cells with no crosstalk between channels.
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 2000
... BY ANGELA TOOKER, ELLIS MENG, JON ERICKSON, YU-CHONG TAI ... In addition, the neurons in the ... more ... BY ANGELA TOOKER, ELLIS MENG, JON ERICKSON, YU-CHONG TAI ... In addition, the neurons in the neurowells tended to be pulled away from the bottom of the well, and hence from the electrode, by the neu-rites growing out through the channels on top of the well. ...
Here we present a surface-micromachined Parylene neuro-cage array for the in vitro study of live ... more Here we present a surface-micromachined Parylene neuro-cage array for the in vitro study of live neural networks. Various types of neuro-cages have been fabricated and several adhesion promotion techniques have been explored. The biocompatibility and mechanical robustness of Parylene neuro-cages have been demonstrated through cell culture experiments. Dissociated neuronal cell bodies have been inserted one to a cage and cultured,
We present a novel process to produce parylene cages for the in vitro study of cultured neural ne... more We present a novel process to produce parylene cages for the in vitro study of cultured neural networks. For the first time, a neuro-cage fabrication technology is demonstrated that is scalable to high density cage arrays and able to withstand the chemical and mechanical rigors of supporting cellular cultures for long-term study.
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