No. Manuels et Guides COI Titres rev.2 Guide to IGOSS Data Archives and Exchange (BATHY and TESAC... more No. Manuels et Guides COI Titres rev.2 Guide to IGOSS Data Archives and Exchange (BATHY and TESAC). 1993. 27 pp. (English, French, Spanish, Russian) 2 International Catalogue of Ocean Data Station. 1976. (Out of stock) rev. 2 Guide to Operational Procedures for the Collection and Exchange of IGOSS Data. Second Revised Edition, 1988. 68 pp. (English, French, Spanish, Russian) 4 Guide to Oceanographie and Marine Meteorological Instruments and Obesrving Practices. 1975. 54 pp (English) Guide to Establishing a National Oceanographie Data Centre. 1975. (Out of stock) rev. Wave Reporting Procedures for Tide Observers in the Tsunami Warning System. 1968. 30 pp.
Generally, fisheries in developed countries have to face three main constraints (according to the... more Generally, fisheries in developed countries have to face three main constraints (according to the report of the synthesis meeting of September 17th, 1982, ISTPM Technical Reports n° 3 a 1983):- The evolution of marine legislation has just limited their access to a number of ...
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the ... more The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, concerning the legal status of any state, territory, city or area, or their authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this document do not necessarily represent the views of the 'French National Committee for the International Geological Correlated Programme (I.G.C.P.) 'French National Committee for the Man and Biosphere Programme (M.A.B.) IFrench National Committee for the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (I.O.C.) 4French National Committee for the International Hydrological Programme (I.H.P.
The evaluation of public policies applied to shoreline management is a relatively new approach. T... more The evaluation of public policies applied to shoreline management is a relatively new approach. The European Directive of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) was transposed into French law in 2001, during which the legislator has stressed the need to put the tools into place to evaluate management approaches. The article addresses this topic by presenting the development of a method for evaluating the dynamic management of the coast. This method, taking support on different dimensions of integration, is used by the integrated management of the coastal zones. Thus, the six indicators that characterize it provide information on (i) the multipurpose approach, (ii) the inter-institutional coordination, (iii) the proper use of knowledge, (iv) the multi-scale approach, (v) the stakeholder participation, and (vi) the taking into account of sustainability. Hence, the methodology approach was adopted and tested in five sites of the Mediterranean French coast, with five groups of stakeho...
La Science est très impliquée dans les démarches de gestion et son efficacité auprès des Politiqu... more La Science est très impliquée dans les démarches de gestion et son efficacité auprès des Politiques Publiques constitue un enjeu très important, dans le sens où il s'agit de rendre la connaissance qu'elle produit, utile envers ses destinataires. Des formes adaptées d'organisation doivent être trouvées et appliquées à toutes les échelles requises.
L'évaluation des politiques publiques appliquées à la gestion du littoral relève d'approches rela... more L'évaluation des politiques publiques appliquées à la gestion du littoral relève d'approches relativement récentes. La directive européenne sur l'évaluation stratégique environnementale (ESE) a été transposée en droit français en 2001, au cours de laquelle le législateur a insisté sur la nécessité de disposer d'outils destinés à évaluer des démarches de gestion. Cet article aborde ce sujet en présentant le développement d'une méthode d'évaluation des dynamiques de gestion sur le littoral. Cette méthode prend appui sur les différentes dimensions de l'intégration à laquelle recourt la gestion intégrée des zones côtières. Ainsi, les six indicateurs qui la caractérisent renseignent sur (i) l'approche multi-usage, (ii) la coordination inter-institutionnelle, (iii) l'utilisation à bon escient des connaissances, (iv) l'approche multi-échelle, (v) la participation des acteurs et (vi) la prise en compte de la durabilité. L'approche méthodologique ainsi adoptée a été testée sur cinq sites du littoral méditerranéen français, auprès de cinq groupes d'acteurs représentant (i) les services de l'Etat, (ii) les gestionnaires locaux, (iii) les professionnels du secteur privé, (iv) la société civile et (v) les experts scientifiques.
The main content of the new European Water Framework Directive is presented. Within its river bas... more The main content of the new European Water Framework Directive is presented. Within its river basin management approach, a special mention of coastal waters status is made. Among the issues at stake are the setting up of river basin management plans, including coastal waters, and water quality assessment system leading to an harmonized definition of quality objectives and their appropriate indicators. The Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Master Plan, launched in 1996, is considered to be well fitted to this river basin approach and the necessary tools which go with it. It shows up how a river quality assessment system (SEQ) can be adapted to the coastal waters and how it can progressively lead to an efficient set of publishable environmental and performance indicators. Since planning and implementation are devolved to the lowest appropriate level, a close look is then been given at how such a system can work at the local level through different selected case studies on the French Mediterranean coast. In conclusion, some guidelines are drawn up for future initiatives towards integrated coastal area and river basin management.
Le concept de « gestion intégrée » dans les politiques environnementales, visant à décloisonner l... more Le concept de « gestion intégrée » dans les politiques environnementales, visant à décloisonner les approches par trop sectorielles, rencontre des difficultés importantes autant dans sa mise en oeuvre opérationnelle que dans l'analyse et l'évaluation que l'on peut en tirer. Par ailleurs, tandis que des systèmes d'évaluation sont prônés dans une optique de légitimité et d'efficacité de l'action publique, les outils qui peuvent être proposés pour l'évaluation des politiques environnementales font face à des difficultés méthodologiques. Cette communication présente ainsi les objectifs et des éléments de méthode pour une évaluation (ou plutôt une appréciation) de la façon dont une politique territoriale est menée au regard de l'application des principes qui sous-tendent la « gestion intégrée ». Deux questions méthodologiques sont posées : Comment rendre compte du degré de prise en compte de l'intégration dans une politique environnementale ? Quel suivi-évaluation peut-on faire d'une politique prônant la gestion intégrée d'un territoire vis-à-vis des exigences de développement durable de ce territoire ? Pour ce faire, nous présentons les différences en termes d'objectifs entre l'évaluation d'une politique en tant que telle et l'appréciation des modalités d'intégration de cette politique. Nous exposons ensuite une méthode d'élaboration d'un système d'indicateurs pour le suivi et l'évaluation du degré d'intégration de démarches de gestion intégrée de la mer et du littoral. Nous discutons enfin des atouts et des limites de cette méthode, au regard notamment du rôle que peuvent jouer ces indicateurs sur un renforcement de la gouvernance territoriale. Cette proposition vient ainsi, non pas abonder le champ de l'évaluation des politiques publiques en tant que tel, mais contribuer à renforcer l'appui et l'accompagnement de ces politiques territoriales dans leur mise en oeuvre et leurs modalités d'apprentissage collectif.
L'article qui suit est notamment basé sur les débats qui ont eu lieu lors de la cinquième confére... more L'article qui suit est notamment basé sur les débats qui ont eu lieu lors de la cinquième conférence du Forum Global sur les Côtes, les Océans et les Iles (www.globaloceans.org), qui s'est tenue du 3 au 7 mai 2010 au siège de l'UNESCO 1 .
Social capital constitutes the cultural component of modern societies. Building social capital ha... more Social capital constitutes the cultural component of modern societies. Building social capital has typically been seen as a task for "second generation" economic reform, but unlike economic policies and institutions, social capital is not created or shaped by public policy but is inherited throughout local communities successive generations. Enhancing social capital therefore is about promoting local knowledge deeply rooted into local communities' practices on land and at sea. In Japan, the culturally specific interaction of humans with nature has led to the emergence of specific socio-ecosystems called "satoyama" on the land side and "satoumi" on the coast and sea side. Here, characteristics of related local knowledge include information about consumed products like wild edible plants or seaweeds, and learning by doing practices like traditional rice cultivation or sea ranching. This knowledge has been developed over centuries and has been handed down from generation to generation. There are actually other types of satoyama and satoumi which have been flourishing around the world though the latter (satoumi) probably has no equivalent in other countries' coastal areas because of the unique Japanese fishing rights system. First largely ignored as a social capital, satoumi has emerged as a new concept only a few years ago. In the frame of the recently adopted national ocean policy such a social capital, like it may be found in other countries, should not be ignored when addressing integrated coastal zone management processes and tools for the sake of sustainable coastal development in Japan and elsewhere in the world.
Deep-sea environments are faced with cumulative effects of many human activities, e.g. waste depo... more Deep-sea environments are faced with cumulative effects of many human activities, e.g. waste deposition, oil exploitation, fishing, maritime transport, and potential seabed mining. The ecosystem approach requires that we look at the cumulate impacts of all these pressures on each specific habitat and living community. Therefore, deep seabed ecosystem-based management should be considered in relation with the varied governance and management regimes from the coast to international waters, in a regional context. Many frameworks and instruments already exist, but they are fragmented, while the ocean and its resources is a totally interconnected system without borders. Within EEZ as well as international waters, new thinking is required about the way governance and management should be applied through a polycentric-like approach articulating existing agreements and their implementation framework from local to global level. Along Aichi Target 11, ecologically and biologically significant areas (EBSAs), coastal, and very large marine protected areas (MPAs) might be used as the first elements of a comprehensive 3D-dimension regional network of area-based managed units with a 100% coverage including varied levels of biodiversity conservation and sustained supply of ecosystem services on which people and maritime activities development depend. 18.2 From Global to Local: An Imperfect But Forward-Thinking International Impetus After Rio+20, where the seas and oceans were high on the agenda, the recent UNFCCC 1 COP21 organized in Paris (December 2015) recognized the crucial role of the ocean in keeping our planet safe. Actually, since immemorial times, seas and
As a part of research on introduction of lobster Homarus americanus into Japan, a prepara tory re... more As a part of research on introduction of lobster Homarus americanus into Japan, a prepara tory release was achieved in Koshiki Islands near Kyushu in July 1982. Before releasing, 100 concrete blocks were laid on sandy bottom in 4 parallel lines with a 2m space between each block. 97 one year old lobsters (XI-XV stage) were introduced under each block one by one. Monitoring was carried out for 11 days by diving. Survival rate was 2.7% and 25.0% for the lobsters released close to the stony-coral substrate and the others respectively. Movement of lobsters between blocks was rather frequent. Roughly 20-40% lobsters disappeared and 10-15% new ones appeared under the blocks. These facts suggest that the number of lobsters decreased mainly due to aggression by fishes which inhabit the stony-coral substrate. A net cage (3m•~3m•~height 0.3m) without bottom was immersed into the sandy substrate for another experiment. About 500 oyster shells were placed inside the cage. 156 three week old lobsters (IV-V stage) were released into the cage. Survival rate was 68% just after release and 25% after 9 days. Degree of movement for IV or V stage lobsters was rather similar to that of one year old lobsters.
No. Manuels et Guides COI Titres rev.2 Guide to IGOSS Data Archives and Exchange (BATHY and TESAC... more No. Manuels et Guides COI Titres rev.2 Guide to IGOSS Data Archives and Exchange (BATHY and TESAC). 1993. 27 pp. (English, French, Spanish, Russian) 2 International Catalogue of Ocean Data Station. 1976. (Out of stock) rev. 2 Guide to Operational Procedures for the Collection and Exchange of IGOSS Data. Second Revised Edition, 1988. 68 pp. (English, French, Spanish, Russian) 4 Guide to Oceanographie and Marine Meteorological Instruments and Obesrving Practices. 1975. 54 pp (English) Guide to Establishing a National Oceanographie Data Centre. 1975. (Out of stock) rev. Wave Reporting Procedures for Tide Observers in the Tsunami Warning System. 1968. 30 pp.
Generally, fisheries in developed countries have to face three main constraints (according to the... more Generally, fisheries in developed countries have to face three main constraints (according to the report of the synthesis meeting of September 17th, 1982, ISTPM Technical Reports n° 3 a 1983):- The evolution of marine legislation has just limited their access to a number of ...
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the ... more The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, concerning the legal status of any state, territory, city or area, or their authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this document do not necessarily represent the views of the 'French National Committee for the International Geological Correlated Programme (I.G.C.P.) 'French National Committee for the Man and Biosphere Programme (M.A.B.) IFrench National Committee for the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (I.O.C.) 4French National Committee for the International Hydrological Programme (I.H.P.
The evaluation of public policies applied to shoreline management is a relatively new approach. T... more The evaluation of public policies applied to shoreline management is a relatively new approach. The European Directive of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) was transposed into French law in 2001, during which the legislator has stressed the need to put the tools into place to evaluate management approaches. The article addresses this topic by presenting the development of a method for evaluating the dynamic management of the coast. This method, taking support on different dimensions of integration, is used by the integrated management of the coastal zones. Thus, the six indicators that characterize it provide information on (i) the multipurpose approach, (ii) the inter-institutional coordination, (iii) the proper use of knowledge, (iv) the multi-scale approach, (v) the stakeholder participation, and (vi) the taking into account of sustainability. Hence, the methodology approach was adopted and tested in five sites of the Mediterranean French coast, with five groups of stakeho...
La Science est très impliquée dans les démarches de gestion et son efficacité auprès des Politiqu... more La Science est très impliquée dans les démarches de gestion et son efficacité auprès des Politiques Publiques constitue un enjeu très important, dans le sens où il s'agit de rendre la connaissance qu'elle produit, utile envers ses destinataires. Des formes adaptées d'organisation doivent être trouvées et appliquées à toutes les échelles requises.
L'évaluation des politiques publiques appliquées à la gestion du littoral relève d'approches rela... more L'évaluation des politiques publiques appliquées à la gestion du littoral relève d'approches relativement récentes. La directive européenne sur l'évaluation stratégique environnementale (ESE) a été transposée en droit français en 2001, au cours de laquelle le législateur a insisté sur la nécessité de disposer d'outils destinés à évaluer des démarches de gestion. Cet article aborde ce sujet en présentant le développement d'une méthode d'évaluation des dynamiques de gestion sur le littoral. Cette méthode prend appui sur les différentes dimensions de l'intégration à laquelle recourt la gestion intégrée des zones côtières. Ainsi, les six indicateurs qui la caractérisent renseignent sur (i) l'approche multi-usage, (ii) la coordination inter-institutionnelle, (iii) l'utilisation à bon escient des connaissances, (iv) l'approche multi-échelle, (v) la participation des acteurs et (vi) la prise en compte de la durabilité. L'approche méthodologique ainsi adoptée a été testée sur cinq sites du littoral méditerranéen français, auprès de cinq groupes d'acteurs représentant (i) les services de l'Etat, (ii) les gestionnaires locaux, (iii) les professionnels du secteur privé, (iv) la société civile et (v) les experts scientifiques.
The main content of the new European Water Framework Directive is presented. Within its river bas... more The main content of the new European Water Framework Directive is presented. Within its river basin management approach, a special mention of coastal waters status is made. Among the issues at stake are the setting up of river basin management plans, including coastal waters, and water quality assessment system leading to an harmonized definition of quality objectives and their appropriate indicators. The Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Master Plan, launched in 1996, is considered to be well fitted to this river basin approach and the necessary tools which go with it. It shows up how a river quality assessment system (SEQ) can be adapted to the coastal waters and how it can progressively lead to an efficient set of publishable environmental and performance indicators. Since planning and implementation are devolved to the lowest appropriate level, a close look is then been given at how such a system can work at the local level through different selected case studies on the French Mediterranean coast. In conclusion, some guidelines are drawn up for future initiatives towards integrated coastal area and river basin management.
Le concept de « gestion intégrée » dans les politiques environnementales, visant à décloisonner l... more Le concept de « gestion intégrée » dans les politiques environnementales, visant à décloisonner les approches par trop sectorielles, rencontre des difficultés importantes autant dans sa mise en oeuvre opérationnelle que dans l'analyse et l'évaluation que l'on peut en tirer. Par ailleurs, tandis que des systèmes d'évaluation sont prônés dans une optique de légitimité et d'efficacité de l'action publique, les outils qui peuvent être proposés pour l'évaluation des politiques environnementales font face à des difficultés méthodologiques. Cette communication présente ainsi les objectifs et des éléments de méthode pour une évaluation (ou plutôt une appréciation) de la façon dont une politique territoriale est menée au regard de l'application des principes qui sous-tendent la « gestion intégrée ». Deux questions méthodologiques sont posées : Comment rendre compte du degré de prise en compte de l'intégration dans une politique environnementale ? Quel suivi-évaluation peut-on faire d'une politique prônant la gestion intégrée d'un territoire vis-à-vis des exigences de développement durable de ce territoire ? Pour ce faire, nous présentons les différences en termes d'objectifs entre l'évaluation d'une politique en tant que telle et l'appréciation des modalités d'intégration de cette politique. Nous exposons ensuite une méthode d'élaboration d'un système d'indicateurs pour le suivi et l'évaluation du degré d'intégration de démarches de gestion intégrée de la mer et du littoral. Nous discutons enfin des atouts et des limites de cette méthode, au regard notamment du rôle que peuvent jouer ces indicateurs sur un renforcement de la gouvernance territoriale. Cette proposition vient ainsi, non pas abonder le champ de l'évaluation des politiques publiques en tant que tel, mais contribuer à renforcer l'appui et l'accompagnement de ces politiques territoriales dans leur mise en oeuvre et leurs modalités d'apprentissage collectif.
L'article qui suit est notamment basé sur les débats qui ont eu lieu lors de la cinquième confére... more L'article qui suit est notamment basé sur les débats qui ont eu lieu lors de la cinquième conférence du Forum Global sur les Côtes, les Océans et les Iles (www.globaloceans.org), qui s'est tenue du 3 au 7 mai 2010 au siège de l'UNESCO 1 .
Social capital constitutes the cultural component of modern societies. Building social capital ha... more Social capital constitutes the cultural component of modern societies. Building social capital has typically been seen as a task for "second generation" economic reform, but unlike economic policies and institutions, social capital is not created or shaped by public policy but is inherited throughout local communities successive generations. Enhancing social capital therefore is about promoting local knowledge deeply rooted into local communities' practices on land and at sea. In Japan, the culturally specific interaction of humans with nature has led to the emergence of specific socio-ecosystems called "satoyama" on the land side and "satoumi" on the coast and sea side. Here, characteristics of related local knowledge include information about consumed products like wild edible plants or seaweeds, and learning by doing practices like traditional rice cultivation or sea ranching. This knowledge has been developed over centuries and has been handed down from generation to generation. There are actually other types of satoyama and satoumi which have been flourishing around the world though the latter (satoumi) probably has no equivalent in other countries' coastal areas because of the unique Japanese fishing rights system. First largely ignored as a social capital, satoumi has emerged as a new concept only a few years ago. In the frame of the recently adopted national ocean policy such a social capital, like it may be found in other countries, should not be ignored when addressing integrated coastal zone management processes and tools for the sake of sustainable coastal development in Japan and elsewhere in the world.
Deep-sea environments are faced with cumulative effects of many human activities, e.g. waste depo... more Deep-sea environments are faced with cumulative effects of many human activities, e.g. waste deposition, oil exploitation, fishing, maritime transport, and potential seabed mining. The ecosystem approach requires that we look at the cumulate impacts of all these pressures on each specific habitat and living community. Therefore, deep seabed ecosystem-based management should be considered in relation with the varied governance and management regimes from the coast to international waters, in a regional context. Many frameworks and instruments already exist, but they are fragmented, while the ocean and its resources is a totally interconnected system without borders. Within EEZ as well as international waters, new thinking is required about the way governance and management should be applied through a polycentric-like approach articulating existing agreements and their implementation framework from local to global level. Along Aichi Target 11, ecologically and biologically significant areas (EBSAs), coastal, and very large marine protected areas (MPAs) might be used as the first elements of a comprehensive 3D-dimension regional network of area-based managed units with a 100% coverage including varied levels of biodiversity conservation and sustained supply of ecosystem services on which people and maritime activities development depend. 18.2 From Global to Local: An Imperfect But Forward-Thinking International Impetus After Rio+20, where the seas and oceans were high on the agenda, the recent UNFCCC 1 COP21 organized in Paris (December 2015) recognized the crucial role of the ocean in keeping our planet safe. Actually, since immemorial times, seas and
As a part of research on introduction of lobster Homarus americanus into Japan, a prepara tory re... more As a part of research on introduction of lobster Homarus americanus into Japan, a prepara tory release was achieved in Koshiki Islands near Kyushu in July 1982. Before releasing, 100 concrete blocks were laid on sandy bottom in 4 parallel lines with a 2m space between each block. 97 one year old lobsters (XI-XV stage) were introduced under each block one by one. Monitoring was carried out for 11 days by diving. Survival rate was 2.7% and 25.0% for the lobsters released close to the stony-coral substrate and the others respectively. Movement of lobsters between blocks was rather frequent. Roughly 20-40% lobsters disappeared and 10-15% new ones appeared under the blocks. These facts suggest that the number of lobsters decreased mainly due to aggression by fishes which inhabit the stony-coral substrate. A net cage (3m•~3m•~height 0.3m) without bottom was immersed into the sandy substrate for another experiment. About 500 oyster shells were placed inside the cage. 156 three week old lobsters (IV-V stage) were released into the cage. Survival rate was 68% just after release and 25% after 9 days. Degree of movement for IV or V stage lobsters was rather similar to that of one year old lobsters.
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