Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Éducation et la Formation
Depuis juillet 2002, le LOM est devenu un standard de l’IEEE, mais ce n’est pas le seul schéma de... more Depuis juillet 2002, le LOM est devenu un standard de l’IEEE, mais ce n’est pas le seul schéma de métadonnées pédagogiques existant. En effet, d’autres schémas totalement indépendants sont aussi utilisés, et depuis quelques mois de nombreux schémas issus du LOM apparaissent : on les nomme des profils d’applications du LOM. Or en les étudiant, on note que l’interopérabilité entre ces schémas n’est plus automatique. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons d’utiliser une méthode définie par la norme ISO11179 qui permet de dissocier l’aspect conceptuel de l’aspect représentation lors de la conception de schéma de métadonnées. Ainsi, grâce à ce modèle, les schémas de description de documents pédagogiques pourraient être considérés comme des instanciations d’un seul et unique modèle conceptuel, et donc devenir intéropérables.
In this paper, we illustrate PAGE – for Parametric AGEnts, a constructive way to design personali... more In this paper, we illustrate PAGE – for Parametric AGEnts, a constructive way to design personalized or personified virtual agents starting from a plain rational agent. We chose a scenario about the personification of a virtual agent in a serious game for training communication skills. We start from an agent program that does not take into account any kind of agent profile. We show how our PAGE approach allows us to derive different agent programs tailored to different agent profiles while retaining complete control on the resulting agent behavior.
2011 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2011
ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Interne... more ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Internet, but can be difficult to create. In order to facilitate the design and creation of such personalized systems, we aim at formalizing them. The situation calculus is a logical framework that has often been proposed to model web applications and even personalized ones. However, the details of its use are much more rarely explained. In this paper we will show that it is needed to carefully consider which variant of the situation calculus to choose. We will precisely show why we want to use the so-called guarded action theories. We explain why and how it fits into an architecture. We introduce two scenarios of personalized applications to illustrate this choice.
2011 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2011
ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Interne... more ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Internet. In order to facilitate their design and creation, we aim at formalizing them. In this paper, we consider the relationship between a personalized application and its non-personalized counterpart. We argue that a personalized application is a formal extension of a non-personalized one. We aim at characterizing the syntactic differences between the expression of the personalized and non-personalized versions of the application. Situation calculus is our framework to formalize applications. We introduce two scenarios of non-personalized application that we personalize to illustrate our approach.
Cet article porte sur les objets et dossiers pédagogiques et s'appuie pour cela sur un standard d... more Cet article porte sur les objets et dossiers pédagogiques et s'appuie pour cela sur un standard d'indexation des objets pédagogiques en cours de finalisation : le LOM. La notion d'objet pédagogique est au coeur de nombreuses réalisations dont certaines sont examinées ici en vue de clarifier ce concept. L'idée de dossier pédagogique est pour sa part absente du LOM, mais des pistes sont proposées pour la préciser. L'utilisation de RDF pour représenter formellement un ensemble de métadonnées est enfin abordée en vue d'une application aux objets pédagogiques. ABSTRACT. This paper is about learning objects and educational files. It is based on the LOM (a set of metadata becoming a de facto standard) approach. The learning object idea is the heart of many realizations, some of them are examined here to clarify that concept. The notion of educational file is missing in the LOM but some leads are suggested. At last, the use of RDF to implement the LOM appears to be the best way and a presentation of RDF is given.
Over the past 15 years, the explosion in the number of learning materials available on the Web ha... more Over the past 15 years, the explosion in the number of learning materials available on the Web has raised the problem of their sharing. For several years, learning resources are annotated with metadata to ease this sharing. On the other hand, Semantic Web and Linked Data approach provide tools to publish metadata in a standardized way, allowing data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises, and community boundaries. In this paper, we describe the SemUnit project, initiated by french higher education institutions. This project aims at taking advantages of Semantic Web and Linked Data to improve e-learning services for a wide set of french higher education institutions. We present, firstly, the ontology designed to support the project: an OWL ontology taking into account the semantics of LOM elements. Afterwards, we present our architecture and some semantic services 1 .
Proceedings of the 16th conference on Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine - IHM 2004, 2004
Dans cet article, nous présentons un panorama des systèmes actuels d'aide au déplacement des pers... more Dans cet article, nous présentons un panorama des systèmes actuels d'aide au déplacement des personnes aveugles ainsi que des perspectives pour les systèmes futurs. Nous commencerons par présenter les deux problèmes principaux soulevés par l'aide au déplacement des non-voyants : comment acquérir et présenter l'information. Nous expliquerons ensuite comment ces problèmes ontété traités par les appareils existants et nous décrirons les techniques utilisées pour les résoudre : infrarouges, ultrasons ou laser pour la capture de l'information ; utilisation des modalités tactile et sonore pour sa présentation. Enfin, nous introduirons des idées et des résultats récents concernant une nouvelle génération de dispositifs sensibles au contexte età la sémantique, qui fournissent des informations de plus haut niveau et beaucoup plus riches que les systèmes actuels.
Seventh IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2007), 2007
This paper presents a flexible and semi-automatic extractor to build personalized learning object... more This paper presents a flexible and semi-automatic extractor to build personalized learning objects. The extraction is made using an ontology and a matching grammar defined by the user. The ontology describes the concepts/classes and the relations between these concepts/classes. The learning objects we want to obtain from the web pages are instances of the ontology. The grammar describes rules for
Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT'06)
ABSTRACT Metadata are required for finding, exchanging, and managing learning objects. But, their... more ABSTRACT Metadata are required for finding, exchanging, and managing learning objects. But, their semantics is not clear. Furthermore, the IEEE LOM (learning object metadata) is an IEEE standard since July 2002 but, even if it is widely used, it is not the only one standard used to describe learning objects. The use of ontologies is a key step forward for describing the semantics of information on the Web. We propose to specify the semantics of metadata by using a formal language of ontology, OWL. Furthermore, assuming that we are in an open world and in order to facilitate the exchange of learning resources with other institutions, we propose a solution based on several ontologies
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligence, 2007
Based upon a conceptual model for ubiquitous computing systems, this article presents a component... more Based upon a conceptual model for ubiquitous computing systems, this article presents a component-based platform for building context-aware applications. This platform introduces a high-level service to abstract context and to allow the rapid construction of dynamically reconfigurable applications. Moreover, the inputs and outputs of context components benefit from a strong typing, which permits design-time checks that can detect specification mistakes. At the end of the article, we introduce an implementation for this platform.
The media on which authors should publish pedagogical documents become every day more numerous, c... more The media on which authors should publish pedagogical documents become every day more numerous, complexifying the work of either content authors, graphics designer or webmasters. We propose an XML application for content authors, to help them structure their hypertext documents in factorizing their common structure in a class, and to free them from all the other aspects. They design both a structural model (a class), and a presentation model (using HTML, WML,…). Using these two models, our HDML engine automatically builds the projection function able to transform any actual document into (for example) well-formed web pages. HDML also offers inheritance capabilities among classes, which allows an editor responsible for a whole document set to define its global structure, and to adapt it according to the different document sections needs.
The use of ontologies is a key step forward for describing the semantics of information on the We... more The use of ontologies is a key step forward for describing the semantics of information on the Web. It is becoming more and more important to make the information machine-readable, since the volume of data is continuously growing. In the educational area, metadata are considered to be helpful in such a process. We propose to enrich the description of educational resources by introducing several levels of description of concepts, and to make them machine- readable by using a formal language of ontology, OWL. Using both this ontology and the expressive power of an OWL query language to query pedagogical resources will improve the retrieval and interchange of educational resources.
Cet article présente un scénario d'interaction dans lequel des écrans d'affichage sont utilisés p... more Cet article présente un scénario d'interaction dans lequel des écrans d'affichage sont utilisés pour fournir des informations pertinentes aux utilisateurs de lieux publics lors de leurs déplacements. Les écrans publics peuvent ainsi collaborer de façon dynamique de sorte à minimiser la surcharge et la redondance des informations. Nous analysons les contraintes d'utilisabilité de ce scénario en termes de positionnement des informations sur les écrans. De ces contraintes, nous déduisons un algorithme basé sur une architecture décentralisée dans laquelle les écrans et les utilisateurs sont représentés par des agents logiciels. Nous présentons alors les résultats obtenus par simulation de ce système, appelé PRIAM (PRésentation d'Informations dans l'AMbiant), ainsi que des perspectives pour les travaux à venir.
GEAHS is a platform designed to ease the development of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia, using st... more GEAHS is a platform designed to ease the development of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia, using standard formalisms. In this document, we explain the underlying principles of this platform. Genericity is achieved thanks to an adaptation engine based on situation calculus and RDF. This paper describes the main aspects of our system, as well as the use we make of situation calculus to create a simpler, more reusable adaptive hypermedia system.
Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Éducation et la Formation
Depuis juillet 2002, le LOM est devenu un standard de l’IEEE, mais ce n’est pas le seul schéma de... more Depuis juillet 2002, le LOM est devenu un standard de l’IEEE, mais ce n’est pas le seul schéma de métadonnées pédagogiques existant. En effet, d’autres schémas totalement indépendants sont aussi utilisés, et depuis quelques mois de nombreux schémas issus du LOM apparaissent : on les nomme des profils d’applications du LOM. Or en les étudiant, on note que l’interopérabilité entre ces schémas n’est plus automatique. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons d’utiliser une méthode définie par la norme ISO11179 qui permet de dissocier l’aspect conceptuel de l’aspect représentation lors de la conception de schéma de métadonnées. Ainsi, grâce à ce modèle, les schémas de description de documents pédagogiques pourraient être considérés comme des instanciations d’un seul et unique modèle conceptuel, et donc devenir intéropérables.
In this paper, we illustrate PAGE – for Parametric AGEnts, a constructive way to design personali... more In this paper, we illustrate PAGE – for Parametric AGEnts, a constructive way to design personalized or personified virtual agents starting from a plain rational agent. We chose a scenario about the personification of a virtual agent in a serious game for training communication skills. We start from an agent program that does not take into account any kind of agent profile. We show how our PAGE approach allows us to derive different agent programs tailored to different agent profiles while retaining complete control on the resulting agent behavior.
2011 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2011
ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Interne... more ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Internet, but can be difficult to create. In order to facilitate the design and creation of such personalized systems, we aim at formalizing them. The situation calculus is a logical framework that has often been proposed to model web applications and even personalized ones. However, the details of its use are much more rarely explained. In this paper we will show that it is needed to carefully consider which variant of the situation calculus to choose. We will precisely show why we want to use the so-called guarded action theories. We explain why and how it fits into an architecture. We introduce two scenarios of personalized applications to illustrate this choice.
2011 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2011
ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Interne... more ABSTRACT Personalized systems are a response to the increasing number of resources on the Internet. In order to facilitate their design and creation, we aim at formalizing them. In this paper, we consider the relationship between a personalized application and its non-personalized counterpart. We argue that a personalized application is a formal extension of a non-personalized one. We aim at characterizing the syntactic differences between the expression of the personalized and non-personalized versions of the application. Situation calculus is our framework to formalize applications. We introduce two scenarios of non-personalized application that we personalize to illustrate our approach.
Cet article porte sur les objets et dossiers pédagogiques et s'appuie pour cela sur un standard d... more Cet article porte sur les objets et dossiers pédagogiques et s'appuie pour cela sur un standard d'indexation des objets pédagogiques en cours de finalisation : le LOM. La notion d'objet pédagogique est au coeur de nombreuses réalisations dont certaines sont examinées ici en vue de clarifier ce concept. L'idée de dossier pédagogique est pour sa part absente du LOM, mais des pistes sont proposées pour la préciser. L'utilisation de RDF pour représenter formellement un ensemble de métadonnées est enfin abordée en vue d'une application aux objets pédagogiques. ABSTRACT. This paper is about learning objects and educational files. It is based on the LOM (a set of metadata becoming a de facto standard) approach. The learning object idea is the heart of many realizations, some of them are examined here to clarify that concept. The notion of educational file is missing in the LOM but some leads are suggested. At last, the use of RDF to implement the LOM appears to be the best way and a presentation of RDF is given.
Over the past 15 years, the explosion in the number of learning materials available on the Web ha... more Over the past 15 years, the explosion in the number of learning materials available on the Web has raised the problem of their sharing. For several years, learning resources are annotated with metadata to ease this sharing. On the other hand, Semantic Web and Linked Data approach provide tools to publish metadata in a standardized way, allowing data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises, and community boundaries. In this paper, we describe the SemUnit project, initiated by french higher education institutions. This project aims at taking advantages of Semantic Web and Linked Data to improve e-learning services for a wide set of french higher education institutions. We present, firstly, the ontology designed to support the project: an OWL ontology taking into account the semantics of LOM elements. Afterwards, we present our architecture and some semantic services 1 .
Proceedings of the 16th conference on Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine - IHM 2004, 2004
Dans cet article, nous présentons un panorama des systèmes actuels d'aide au déplacement des pers... more Dans cet article, nous présentons un panorama des systèmes actuels d'aide au déplacement des personnes aveugles ainsi que des perspectives pour les systèmes futurs. Nous commencerons par présenter les deux problèmes principaux soulevés par l'aide au déplacement des non-voyants : comment acquérir et présenter l'information. Nous expliquerons ensuite comment ces problèmes ontété traités par les appareils existants et nous décrirons les techniques utilisées pour les résoudre : infrarouges, ultrasons ou laser pour la capture de l'information ; utilisation des modalités tactile et sonore pour sa présentation. Enfin, nous introduirons des idées et des résultats récents concernant une nouvelle génération de dispositifs sensibles au contexte età la sémantique, qui fournissent des informations de plus haut niveau et beaucoup plus riches que les systèmes actuels.
Seventh IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2007), 2007
This paper presents a flexible and semi-automatic extractor to build personalized learning object... more This paper presents a flexible and semi-automatic extractor to build personalized learning objects. The extraction is made using an ontology and a matching grammar defined by the user. The ontology describes the concepts/classes and the relations between these concepts/classes. The learning objects we want to obtain from the web pages are instances of the ontology. The grammar describes rules for
Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT'06)
ABSTRACT Metadata are required for finding, exchanging, and managing learning objects. But, their... more ABSTRACT Metadata are required for finding, exchanging, and managing learning objects. But, their semantics is not clear. Furthermore, the IEEE LOM (learning object metadata) is an IEEE standard since July 2002 but, even if it is widely used, it is not the only one standard used to describe learning objects. The use of ontologies is a key step forward for describing the semantics of information on the Web. We propose to specify the semantics of metadata by using a formal language of ontology, OWL. Furthermore, assuming that we are in an open world and in order to facilitate the exchange of learning resources with other institutions, we propose a solution based on several ontologies
Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligence, 2007
Based upon a conceptual model for ubiquitous computing systems, this article presents a component... more Based upon a conceptual model for ubiquitous computing systems, this article presents a component-based platform for building context-aware applications. This platform introduces a high-level service to abstract context and to allow the rapid construction of dynamically reconfigurable applications. Moreover, the inputs and outputs of context components benefit from a strong typing, which permits design-time checks that can detect specification mistakes. At the end of the article, we introduce an implementation for this platform.
The media on which authors should publish pedagogical documents become every day more numerous, c... more The media on which authors should publish pedagogical documents become every day more numerous, complexifying the work of either content authors, graphics designer or webmasters. We propose an XML application for content authors, to help them structure their hypertext documents in factorizing their common structure in a class, and to free them from all the other aspects. They design both a structural model (a class), and a presentation model (using HTML, WML,…). Using these two models, our HDML engine automatically builds the projection function able to transform any actual document into (for example) well-formed web pages. HDML also offers inheritance capabilities among classes, which allows an editor responsible for a whole document set to define its global structure, and to adapt it according to the different document sections needs.
The use of ontologies is a key step forward for describing the semantics of information on the We... more The use of ontologies is a key step forward for describing the semantics of information on the Web. It is becoming more and more important to make the information machine-readable, since the volume of data is continuously growing. In the educational area, metadata are considered to be helpful in such a process. We propose to enrich the description of educational resources by introducing several levels of description of concepts, and to make them machine- readable by using a formal language of ontology, OWL. Using both this ontology and the expressive power of an OWL query language to query pedagogical resources will improve the retrieval and interchange of educational resources.
Cet article présente un scénario d'interaction dans lequel des écrans d'affichage sont utilisés p... more Cet article présente un scénario d'interaction dans lequel des écrans d'affichage sont utilisés pour fournir des informations pertinentes aux utilisateurs de lieux publics lors de leurs déplacements. Les écrans publics peuvent ainsi collaborer de façon dynamique de sorte à minimiser la surcharge et la redondance des informations. Nous analysons les contraintes d'utilisabilité de ce scénario en termes de positionnement des informations sur les écrans. De ces contraintes, nous déduisons un algorithme basé sur une architecture décentralisée dans laquelle les écrans et les utilisateurs sont représentés par des agents logiciels. Nous présentons alors les résultats obtenus par simulation de ce système, appelé PRIAM (PRésentation d'Informations dans l'AMbiant), ainsi que des perspectives pour les travaux à venir.
GEAHS is a platform designed to ease the development of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia, using st... more GEAHS is a platform designed to ease the development of Adaptive Educational Hypermedia, using standard formalisms. In this document, we explain the underlying principles of this platform. Genericity is achieved thanks to an adaptation engine based on situation calculus and RDF. This paper describes the main aspects of our system, as well as the use we make of situation calculus to create a simpler, more reusable adaptive hypermedia system.
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