The study of the flow of dusty fluids has attracted considerable in recent years due to their ext... more The study of the flow of dusty fluids has attracted considerable in recent years due to their extensive use in many applications in industries such as combustion, gas cooling systems, polymer technology, transport processes, and the petroleum industry. This study aims to analyze the flow with heat and mass transfer of an unsteady Magneto-hydrodynamic dusty fluid. Accordingly, combined influences of chemical and thermal radiation, Hall, ion slip, Joule, and viscous dissipation on heat mass transfer and fluid flows are given. The governing partial differentials are solved numerically. The velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions for both the fluid and particle phases are investigated under the effects of different physical parameters and discussed with the help of graphs. The results indicate that these parameters play an important role to control the solutions. The thermal radiation parameter implies efficiency improvement of temperature distribution.
The main aim of this research is to study the effect of flow rate, diameter and number of nozzles... more The main aim of this research is to study the effect of flow rate, diameter and number of nozzles on the rotational velocity, impulse force and average velocity of water in circular fish tanks. The results indicated that, the rotational velocity increases with increasing flow rates from 5 to 75 m3 h−1 by using 10 and 15 mm nozzles diameter with nozzles number of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The same results were also obtained when 20 and 25 mm nozzle diameter with nozzles number of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 were used. The impulse force of water decreases with increasing nozzle diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. When the nozzle diameter increased from 10 to 25 mm the impulse force of water decreased with 15 nozzles. The average velocity of water decreases with increasing nozzles diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. W...
This work aims to investigate, numerically, the impact of different geometrical parameters on pre... more This work aims to investigate, numerically, the impact of different geometrical parameters on pressure drop and tangential velocity in a cyclone separator. These parameters are the size of the rectangular cross-sectional inlet area, shape of the inletcross-sectional area, and mass flow rate. Different shapes of inlet cross-sectional area were chosen to be either rectangle (standard), circle, or ellipse. In this work, the impact of different turbulent models is tested first. These models are shear stress transport model (SST) k-ꞷ and k-ɛ which are compared with a laminar case (without any turbulence model). The cases with and without turbulence model are validated with available reference data. It has been found that the k-ɛ model agree well with the reference data. The larger inlet rectangular cross-sectional area leads to higher ratio of static pressure between the center of the cyclone and edges. On the other side, the tested range of mass flow rate (0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 Kg/s) to known effect this parameter in the static pressure and tangential velocity inside the cyclone. Furthermore, the static pressure and the tangential velocity have been observed in the case with ellipse cross-sectional inlet compared with that of rectangular-and circularcross sectional area. .
Ice cream is a popular dessert product across the world. Structure, body, taste, and odor propert... more Ice cream is a popular dessert product across the world. Structure, body, taste, and odor properties are created by adding non-milk ingredients and milk ingredients. The main aim of the study is to decrease the caloric value of ice cream by using sugar and fat replacements. Ice cream treatments were investigated based on microstructural, chemical, physical, microbiological, sensory, and calorific values. Four different ice creams were used (control ice cream (SC1), ice cream with stevia (SC2), ice cream with sucralose (SC3), and ice cream with sorbitol (SC4)). The chemical properties in all treatments of ice cream were significantly recorded (p < 0.05). The highest sucrose and fat levels were detected in the SC1 treatment compared with the other treatments (p < 0.05). The lowest fat and sugar amounts were observed in the SC2, SC3, and SC4 treatments (p < 0.05). The highest viscosity, overrun, and hardness values (p < 0.05) were detected in the control ice cream. Total ae...
The peristaltic flow with heat and mass transfer for non-Newtonian fluid through non-darcy porous... more The peristaltic flow with heat and mass transfer for non-Newtonian fluid through non-darcy porous medium is investigated. The fluid obeys Casson model and the effects of Hall currents, Ohmic and viscous dissipations, heat generation and chemical reaction are taken into account. Problem is mathematically modulated using a system of partial differential equations describing velocity, temperature and concentration of the fluid. The non-dimensional partial differential equations are simplified using the approximations of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Then this system subjected to appropriate boundary conditions is solved by using homotopy perturbation method. The effect of obtained solutions of velocity, temperatures and concentration as functions of the physical parameters of the problem are discussed computationally and illustrated graphically. It is shown that the velocity decreased by increasing of the magnetic field, non-Newtonian parameter, while it increases with non-darcian parameter and heat generation, also, the temperature decreases with increasing of Eckert and Grashoff numbers while it increases with heat generations. Dufour number and non-direction furthermore, the concentration decreases with Newtonian and magnetic parameters, while it increases with chemical reaction and Eckert number.
In this paper, the peristaltic motion of nano-coupled stress fluid through non-Darcy porous mediu... more In this paper, the peristaltic motion of nano-coupled stress fluid through non-Darcy porous medium is investigated, and the heat transfer is taken into account. The system is stressed by an external magnetic field. The Ohmic and viscous couple stress dissipations, heat generation and chemical reaction are considered. This motion is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial differential equations, which describe the fluid velocity, temperature and nanoparticles’ concentration. These equations are transformed to non-dimensional form with the associated appropriate boundary conditions. The homotopy perturbation method is used to find the solutions of these equations as a function of the physical parameters of the problem. The effects of the parameters on the obtained solutions are discussed numerically and illustrated graphically. It is found that these parameters play an important role to control the solutions. Significant outcomes from graphical elucidation envisage ...
Oily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil ... more Oily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil refineries, petrochemicals, metallurgical, food & beverages, and dairy industries, which need oil removal for safe discharge to the environment. Lower cost of production with high oil removal and efficient performance compared to classical methods for treating oil‐water emulsions attributed to the alleviation of operation. That emphasizes membrane modification to enhance wettability, hydrophilicity with the antifouling property such as membranes dealing with tiny oil emulsions to be the key parameters to improve its performance. These challenges associated with membrane filtration are highlighted to quantify and how to mitigate membrane fouling. This review underlines the current and future status of commercial ultrafiltration membranes. These membranes seem to be the most cost‐effective, applied technology for oil‐water emulsion; moreover, different strategies and pathways for research areas to be covered are discussed.
In this paper, an efficient method based on the Galerkin technique for computing the eigenvalues ... more In this paper, an efficient method based on the Galerkin technique for computing the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the second-order Sturm-Liouville problems. The first kind of Chebyshev polynomials () is used as basis functions to solve this problem. The Chebyshev-Galerkin method is applied to reduce an ordinary differential equation into a system of algebraic equations using the orthogonality of Chebyshev polynomials and new relations driven from the orthogonality property. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is an easy method to implement and introduce accurate results.
The demand for extensive data rates in dense-traffic wireless networks has expanded and needs pro... more The demand for extensive data rates in dense-traffic wireless networks has expanded and needs proper controlling schemes. The fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) will accommodate these massive communications, such as massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), which is considered to be one of its top services. To achieve optimal throughput, which is considered a mandatory quality of service (QoS) metric, the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) transmission attempt rate needs optimization. As the gradient descent algorithms consume a long time to converge, an approximation technique that distributes a dense global network into local neighborhoods that are less complex than the global ones is presented in this paper. Newton’s method of optimization was used to achieve fast convergence rates, thus, obtaining optimal throughput. The convergence rate depended only on the size of the local networks instead of global dense ones. Additionally, polynomial interpolation was used t...
The effects of Hall current and Joule heating on flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid along a ve... more The effects of Hall current and Joule heating on flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid along a vertical cone in the presence of thermal radiation is considered. The flow is subjected to a uniform strong transverse magnetic field normal to the cone surface. Similarity transformations are used to convert the non-linear boundary- layer equations for momentum and energy equations to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically with appropriate boundary conditions. The solutions are presented in terms of local skin friction, local Nusselt number, velocity, and temperature profiles for values of magnetic parameter, Hall parameter, Eckert number, radiation parameter, and nanoparticle volume fraction. Comparison of the numerical results made with previously published results under the special cases, the results are found to be in an excellent agreement. It is also found that, nanoparticle volume fraction parameter and types of nanofluid play an im...
The main objective of a seat suspension system is to isolate the road excitations from being tran... more The main objective of a seat suspension system is to isolate the road excitations from being transmitted to the drivers. Since the health of the driver is as important as the stability of the car, the desired objective is proposed as the minimization of a seat suspension deflection and seat body acceleration but also the head acceleration. This paper presents an optimization of a four-degrees-of-freedom vehicle’s driver with seat suspension system using genetic algorithms to determine a set of parameters to achieve the best comfort of the driver. Maximum allowed vertical acceleration of the driver body and the suspension working space were used as a constrained limits in this study. The genetic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. The optimization results are compared through step and sinusoidal excitation of the seat suspension system for the optimum and currently used suspension systems. An example is given to demonstrate the optimality of the solution obtained ...
This paper presents an optimization of a four-degrees-of-freedom vehicle’s human with seat suspen... more This paper presents an optimization of a four-degrees-of-freedom vehicle’s human with seat suspension system using genetic algorithms (GA) to determine vehicle suspension parameters to achieve the best comfort of the human. Maximum allowed vertical acceleration of the human body and the suspension working space were used as constrained limits in this study. The genetic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. The optimization results are compared through step and sinusoidal excitation of the seat suspension system for the optimal and currently used suspension systems. In case of sinusoidal profile excitation, results showed that RMS acceleration of the driver, seat suspension working space and sprung mass are reduced by about 21%, 21.5% and 20.3%, respectively. At step profile excitation, RMS acceleration of the driver, seat suspension working space and sprung mass are reduced by about 24%, 24.98% and 7.15%, respectively. The optimal design parameters of the suspensio...
Many biodynamic models have been derived using trial and error curve-fitting technique, such that... more Many biodynamic models have been derived using trial and error curve-fitting technique, such that the error between the computed and measured biodynamic response functions is minimum. This study developed a biomechanical model of the human body in a sitting posture without backrest for evaluating the vibration transmissibility and dynamic response to vertical vibration direction. In describing the human body motion, a three biomechanical models are discussed (two models are 4-DOF and one model 7-DOF). Optimization software based on stochastic techniques search methods, Genetic Algorithms (GAs), is employed to determine the human model parameters imposing some limit constraints on the model parameters. In addition, an objective function is formulated comprising the sum of errors between the computed and actual values (experimental data). The studied functions are the driving-point mechanical impedance, apparent mass and seatto-head transmissibility functions. The optimization process increased the average goodness of fit and the results of studied functions became much closer to the target values (Experimental data). From the optimized model, the resonant frequencies of the driver parts computed on the basis of biodynamic response functions are found to be within close bounds to that expected for the human body.
This paper presents an optimal vehicle and seat suspension design for a half-car vehicle model to... more This paper presents an optimal vehicle and seat suspension design for a half-car vehicle model to reduce human-body vibration (whole-body vibration). A genetic algorithm is applied to search for the optimal parameters of the seat and vehicle suspension. The desired objective is proposed as the minimization of a multi-objective function formed by the combination of seat suspension working space (seat suspension deflection), head acceleration, and seat mass acceleration to achieve the best comfort of the driver. With the aid of Matlab/Simulink software, a simulation model is achieved. In solving this problem, the genetic algorithms have consistently found near-optimal solutions within specified parameters ranges for several independent runs. For validation, the solution obtained by GA was compared to the ones of the passive suspensions through sinusoidal excitation of the seat suspension system for the currently used suspension systems.
The study of the flow of dusty fluids has attracted considerable in recent years due to their ext... more The study of the flow of dusty fluids has attracted considerable in recent years due to their extensive use in many applications in industries such as combustion, gas cooling systems, polymer technology, transport processes, and the petroleum industry. This study aims to analyze the flow with heat and mass transfer of an unsteady Magneto-hydrodynamic dusty fluid. Accordingly, combined influences of chemical and thermal radiation, Hall, ion slip, Joule, and viscous dissipation on heat mass transfer and fluid flows are given. The governing partial differentials are solved numerically. The velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions for both the fluid and particle phases are investigated under the effects of different physical parameters and discussed with the help of graphs. The results indicate that these parameters play an important role to control the solutions. The thermal radiation parameter implies efficiency improvement of temperature distribution.
The main aim of this research is to study the effect of flow rate, diameter and number of nozzles... more The main aim of this research is to study the effect of flow rate, diameter and number of nozzles on the rotational velocity, impulse force and average velocity of water in circular fish tanks. The results indicated that, the rotational velocity increases with increasing flow rates from 5 to 75 m3 h−1 by using 10 and 15 mm nozzles diameter with nozzles number of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The same results were also obtained when 20 and 25 mm nozzle diameter with nozzles number of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 were used. The impulse force of water decreases with increasing nozzle diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. When the nozzle diameter increased from 10 to 25 mm the impulse force of water decreased with 15 nozzles. The average velocity of water decreases with increasing nozzles diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. W...
This work aims to investigate, numerically, the impact of different geometrical parameters on pre... more This work aims to investigate, numerically, the impact of different geometrical parameters on pressure drop and tangential velocity in a cyclone separator. These parameters are the size of the rectangular cross-sectional inlet area, shape of the inletcross-sectional area, and mass flow rate. Different shapes of inlet cross-sectional area were chosen to be either rectangle (standard), circle, or ellipse. In this work, the impact of different turbulent models is tested first. These models are shear stress transport model (SST) k-ꞷ and k-ɛ which are compared with a laminar case (without any turbulence model). The cases with and without turbulence model are validated with available reference data. It has been found that the k-ɛ model agree well with the reference data. The larger inlet rectangular cross-sectional area leads to higher ratio of static pressure between the center of the cyclone and edges. On the other side, the tested range of mass flow rate (0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 Kg/s) to known effect this parameter in the static pressure and tangential velocity inside the cyclone. Furthermore, the static pressure and the tangential velocity have been observed in the case with ellipse cross-sectional inlet compared with that of rectangular-and circularcross sectional area. .
Ice cream is a popular dessert product across the world. Structure, body, taste, and odor propert... more Ice cream is a popular dessert product across the world. Structure, body, taste, and odor properties are created by adding non-milk ingredients and milk ingredients. The main aim of the study is to decrease the caloric value of ice cream by using sugar and fat replacements. Ice cream treatments were investigated based on microstructural, chemical, physical, microbiological, sensory, and calorific values. Four different ice creams were used (control ice cream (SC1), ice cream with stevia (SC2), ice cream with sucralose (SC3), and ice cream with sorbitol (SC4)). The chemical properties in all treatments of ice cream were significantly recorded (p < 0.05). The highest sucrose and fat levels were detected in the SC1 treatment compared with the other treatments (p < 0.05). The lowest fat and sugar amounts were observed in the SC2, SC3, and SC4 treatments (p < 0.05). The highest viscosity, overrun, and hardness values (p < 0.05) were detected in the control ice cream. Total ae...
The peristaltic flow with heat and mass transfer for non-Newtonian fluid through non-darcy porous... more The peristaltic flow with heat and mass transfer for non-Newtonian fluid through non-darcy porous medium is investigated. The fluid obeys Casson model and the effects of Hall currents, Ohmic and viscous dissipations, heat generation and chemical reaction are taken into account. Problem is mathematically modulated using a system of partial differential equations describing velocity, temperature and concentration of the fluid. The non-dimensional partial differential equations are simplified using the approximations of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Then this system subjected to appropriate boundary conditions is solved by using homotopy perturbation method. The effect of obtained solutions of velocity, temperatures and concentration as functions of the physical parameters of the problem are discussed computationally and illustrated graphically. It is shown that the velocity decreased by increasing of the magnetic field, non-Newtonian parameter, while it increases with non-darcian parameter and heat generation, also, the temperature decreases with increasing of Eckert and Grashoff numbers while it increases with heat generations. Dufour number and non-direction furthermore, the concentration decreases with Newtonian and magnetic parameters, while it increases with chemical reaction and Eckert number.
In this paper, the peristaltic motion of nano-coupled stress fluid through non-Darcy porous mediu... more In this paper, the peristaltic motion of nano-coupled stress fluid through non-Darcy porous medium is investigated, and the heat transfer is taken into account. The system is stressed by an external magnetic field. The Ohmic and viscous couple stress dissipations, heat generation and chemical reaction are considered. This motion is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial differential equations, which describe the fluid velocity, temperature and nanoparticles’ concentration. These equations are transformed to non-dimensional form with the associated appropriate boundary conditions. The homotopy perturbation method is used to find the solutions of these equations as a function of the physical parameters of the problem. The effects of the parameters on the obtained solutions are discussed numerically and illustrated graphically. It is found that these parameters play an important role to control the solutions. Significant outcomes from graphical elucidation envisage ...
Oily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil ... more Oily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil refineries, petrochemicals, metallurgical, food & beverages, and dairy industries, which need oil removal for safe discharge to the environment. Lower cost of production with high oil removal and efficient performance compared to classical methods for treating oil‐water emulsions attributed to the alleviation of operation. That emphasizes membrane modification to enhance wettability, hydrophilicity with the antifouling property such as membranes dealing with tiny oil emulsions to be the key parameters to improve its performance. These challenges associated with membrane filtration are highlighted to quantify and how to mitigate membrane fouling. This review underlines the current and future status of commercial ultrafiltration membranes. These membranes seem to be the most cost‐effective, applied technology for oil‐water emulsion; moreover, different strategies and pathways for research areas to be covered are discussed.
In this paper, an efficient method based on the Galerkin technique for computing the eigenvalues ... more In this paper, an efficient method based on the Galerkin technique for computing the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the second-order Sturm-Liouville problems. The first kind of Chebyshev polynomials () is used as basis functions to solve this problem. The Chebyshev-Galerkin method is applied to reduce an ordinary differential equation into a system of algebraic equations using the orthogonality of Chebyshev polynomials and new relations driven from the orthogonality property. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is an easy method to implement and introduce accurate results.
The demand for extensive data rates in dense-traffic wireless networks has expanded and needs pro... more The demand for extensive data rates in dense-traffic wireless networks has expanded and needs proper controlling schemes. The fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) will accommodate these massive communications, such as massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), which is considered to be one of its top services. To achieve optimal throughput, which is considered a mandatory quality of service (QoS) metric, the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) transmission attempt rate needs optimization. As the gradient descent algorithms consume a long time to converge, an approximation technique that distributes a dense global network into local neighborhoods that are less complex than the global ones is presented in this paper. Newton’s method of optimization was used to achieve fast convergence rates, thus, obtaining optimal throughput. The convergence rate depended only on the size of the local networks instead of global dense ones. Additionally, polynomial interpolation was used t...
The effects of Hall current and Joule heating on flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid along a ve... more The effects of Hall current and Joule heating on flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid along a vertical cone in the presence of thermal radiation is considered. The flow is subjected to a uniform strong transverse magnetic field normal to the cone surface. Similarity transformations are used to convert the non-linear boundary- layer equations for momentum and energy equations to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically with appropriate boundary conditions. The solutions are presented in terms of local skin friction, local Nusselt number, velocity, and temperature profiles for values of magnetic parameter, Hall parameter, Eckert number, radiation parameter, and nanoparticle volume fraction. Comparison of the numerical results made with previously published results under the special cases, the results are found to be in an excellent agreement. It is also found that, nanoparticle volume fraction parameter and types of nanofluid play an im...
The main objective of a seat suspension system is to isolate the road excitations from being tran... more The main objective of a seat suspension system is to isolate the road excitations from being transmitted to the drivers. Since the health of the driver is as important as the stability of the car, the desired objective is proposed as the minimization of a seat suspension deflection and seat body acceleration but also the head acceleration. This paper presents an optimization of a four-degrees-of-freedom vehicle’s driver with seat suspension system using genetic algorithms to determine a set of parameters to achieve the best comfort of the driver. Maximum allowed vertical acceleration of the driver body and the suspension working space were used as a constrained limits in this study. The genetic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. The optimization results are compared through step and sinusoidal excitation of the seat suspension system for the optimum and currently used suspension systems. An example is given to demonstrate the optimality of the solution obtained ...
This paper presents an optimization of a four-degrees-of-freedom vehicle’s human with seat suspen... more This paper presents an optimization of a four-degrees-of-freedom vehicle’s human with seat suspension system using genetic algorithms (GA) to determine vehicle suspension parameters to achieve the best comfort of the human. Maximum allowed vertical acceleration of the human body and the suspension working space were used as constrained limits in this study. The genetic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. The optimization results are compared through step and sinusoidal excitation of the seat suspension system for the optimal and currently used suspension systems. In case of sinusoidal profile excitation, results showed that RMS acceleration of the driver, seat suspension working space and sprung mass are reduced by about 21%, 21.5% and 20.3%, respectively. At step profile excitation, RMS acceleration of the driver, seat suspension working space and sprung mass are reduced by about 24%, 24.98% and 7.15%, respectively. The optimal design parameters of the suspensio...
Many biodynamic models have been derived using trial and error curve-fitting technique, such that... more Many biodynamic models have been derived using trial and error curve-fitting technique, such that the error between the computed and measured biodynamic response functions is minimum. This study developed a biomechanical model of the human body in a sitting posture without backrest for evaluating the vibration transmissibility and dynamic response to vertical vibration direction. In describing the human body motion, a three biomechanical models are discussed (two models are 4-DOF and one model 7-DOF). Optimization software based on stochastic techniques search methods, Genetic Algorithms (GAs), is employed to determine the human model parameters imposing some limit constraints on the model parameters. In addition, an objective function is formulated comprising the sum of errors between the computed and actual values (experimental data). The studied functions are the driving-point mechanical impedance, apparent mass and seatto-head transmissibility functions. The optimization process increased the average goodness of fit and the results of studied functions became much closer to the target values (Experimental data). From the optimized model, the resonant frequencies of the driver parts computed on the basis of biodynamic response functions are found to be within close bounds to that expected for the human body.
This paper presents an optimal vehicle and seat suspension design for a half-car vehicle model to... more This paper presents an optimal vehicle and seat suspension design for a half-car vehicle model to reduce human-body vibration (whole-body vibration). A genetic algorithm is applied to search for the optimal parameters of the seat and vehicle suspension. The desired objective is proposed as the minimization of a multi-objective function formed by the combination of seat suspension working space (seat suspension deflection), head acceleration, and seat mass acceleration to achieve the best comfort of the driver. With the aid of Matlab/Simulink software, a simulation model is achieved. In solving this problem, the genetic algorithms have consistently found near-optimal solutions within specified parameters ranges for several independent runs. For validation, the solution obtained by GA was compared to the ones of the passive suspensions through sinusoidal excitation of the seat suspension system for the currently used suspension systems.
Uploads
Papers by Wael Abbas