Abstract: This study aims to explore the typographic strategies employed by Aravind Adiga in his ... more Abstract: This study aims to explore the typographic strategies employed by Aravind Adiga in his novel The White Tiger, focusing on how visual elements contribute to the narrative’s thematic depth and infer deeper meaning. Through detailed discourse analysis, the research investigates the use of typography, including bold text, italics, capitalization, superscript, and other extra-linguistic elements as tools for emphasizing key moments, conveying character emotions, and highlighting deeply entrenched social, political and bureaucratic injustices. The method involves a close reading of the novel and a semiotic analysis of the typographic variations to interpret their symbolic significance. The results reveal that Adiga’s typographic choices are not merely aesthetic but serve as a powerful narrative device that enhances the reader’s engagement and understanding of the novel’s underlying messages, fostering a profound understanding of the protagonist's journey from darkness to light. Conclusively, Adiga’s innovative use of typography in The White Tiger adds a layer of artistic insight that enriches the novel’s exploration of corruption, social inequality, and the complexities of human ambition. The analysis underscores typography as a vehicle for deeper literary expression, offering new insights into Adiga's narrative technique where language and style converge to convey powerful, emotive meanings.
The present paper "Nissim Ezekiel: Alienation thanks to shattered nuptial bliss" deals with how p... more The present paper "Nissim Ezekiel: Alienation thanks to shattered nuptial bliss" deals with how poet's alienation sprouts from the man-woman relationships. Thanks to alienation how his praise coated words for pious love are turned to be pinching satirical arrows. How he has presented the woman in different roles by mingling the heterogeneous material and spiritual themes. Most importantly, present work not only offers the reader an indication of his poetic art, but also cheers him to think anew about the true nature of his felt alienation.
The present paper "Big man the laltain, small man the mombatti-A study of The White Tiger and The... more The present paper "Big man the laltain, small man the mombatti-A study of The White Tiger and The God of Small Things" deals with how the power politics play very prominent part in both the selected novels. Thanks to game of gap between poor and elite, powerful and weak, mighty and marginalized the underdogs are suppressed in the society to exclude themselves from accessing equal joys in social life. The grounds after their inhuman plight are social attributes such as race, caste, gender, economy or religion to which I have focused on thoroughly.
The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga Towards Innovative Summum Bonum” deals with th... more The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga Towards Innovative Summum Bonum” deals with the study of the amazing, innovative artistic skills with which the reader is spellbound and can’t help saying a wow. Their words and structures are not merely stylish ones, but are well connected to some demands or purposes. Here it is tried to find out how they have managed the innovative style, the meeting ground of language and literature to show the emotive meaning; how they say things with linguistics variations or innovations to start a stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of their style is elusive armed with subtler net to catch and ransack the roots of ordeals. The focus has been on how they have managed to choose an innovative artistic presentation to reveal the moral divorced socio-governmental workings which chocked and putrefied the buoyant quality of marginalized life. Key words: hegemonic, innovate, marginalized, system, typographic
The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga: the real rehabilitators” deals with the study... more The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga: the real rehabilitators” deals with the study of literary writings’ mammoth contribution to monitor the major complexities and concerns in the society. Rehabilitation is one of the most focused matters in the modem era to which both Roy and Adiga give voice. Reflecting the divorce between political system and morality their writings sound an alley between socialism and intelligence. Thus a detailed study reveals interesting features of their contribution as rehabilitators. The focus has been on how they have managed to choose a satirical style in good uniform of thoughts and how they attacks on socio-governmental workings which corroded the development of underdogs. Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of socio-governmental corruptions, but also encourage him/her to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon that made the world of underdogs a vale of tears where grave seems to be the only place of rest.
The present paper deals with the importance of order of words in the study of syntax. It deals wi... more The present paper deals with the importance of order of words in the study of syntax. It deals with some of the principles which are required to take an account of how a language organizes and expresses meanings with different word order. In this article the complex phenomenon of study of order of words and meaning is focused on in detail. The focus has been on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to deviate from the normal order of words, how the same word connotes new messages in response to new situations and new positions and finally how the innovative semantic structure is applied to convey his/her intended meaning.
The present paper " THE THEME OF PATRIARCHAL ARROGANCE AGAINST FEMALES IN THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS... more The present paper " THE THEME OF PATRIARCHAL ARROGANCE AGAINST FEMALES IN THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS " deals with the study of thematic analysis with amazing, innovative artistic skills with which the reader is fascinated. Here it is tried to find out how she has managed the new theme with an innovative style; how her way of saying things creates a stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of her thematic presentation is to assault ordeals against females. The focus has been on how she has presented the theme of patriarchal arrogance against females which blocked and rotten the cheerful quality of the life of females. She has created a new dimension not only escaping from the mire of stale themes but evolving new artistic styles, which have definitely strengthen the Indian writing in English.
The present paper deals with the " Theory of intertextuality in The Reluctant Fundamentalist and ... more The present paper deals with the " Theory of intertextuality in The Reluctant Fundamentalist and the White Tiger It deals with some of the narrative principles which are required to take an account of how a theme or story is organized. In this article the complex phenomenon of the theory of intertextuality is focused on in detail. The focus has been on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to relate the other text, how they are interrelated to signify new messages in response to new situations and new positions and finally how they intensify the meaning and affect the reader.
The present paper “The theme of the loss of childhood in The God of Small Things and The
White Ti... more The present paper “The theme of the loss of childhood in The God of Small Things and The White Tiger” deals with the study of the comparative thematic analysis with amazing, innovative artistic skills with which the reader is enthralled. Here it is tried to find out how they have managed the new theme with innovative style; how their way of say things create a stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of their thematic presentation is to ransack and attack the roots of ordeals. The focus has been on how they have presented the theme of the loss of childhood which chocked and putrefied the buoyant quality of childhood. Both the authors have created a new dimension not only escaping from the mire of stale themes but evolving new artistic styles, which have definitely strengthen the Indian writing in English.
The present article focuses on the concepts needed to understand what it means for two languages ... more The present article focuses on the concepts needed to understand what it means for two languages to come into contact. It deals with some of the principles which are required to take an account of how people mix language in creative writings. It encompasses the complex phenomenon of the creative language and code mixing in detail. The focus is on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to mix lexical items and linguistic features of two different codes in a sentence, how a speaker handles these languages simultaneously and what crucial features are needed in code-mixing. The study of code-mixing proves extremely beneficial, especially when the reader and writer are from different social background because their cultural is very different from the rest of the society. In cross-cultural communication people
Now, without doubt, India can boast her competence as a user of English language as a native writ... more Now, without doubt, India can boast her competence as a user of English language as a native writer. Gone are days when any innovation in language in post colonial Indian writing in English was marginalized as impurity. "… India's literature has taken centre stage, nationally and internationally" 1 . Indra Sinha's Animal's People is an outright reply to WB Yeats statement, "Tagore does not know English. No Indian knows English. Nobody can write with music and style in a language not learnt in childhood and ever since the language of the thought" 2 . Sinha has successfully washed off old identities given to the Indian writers of English by the people from the first world. By marginalizing Indian culture and linguistic innovations he has created a wonder. His English respects the British formalism, and with an unmistakable indigenous stamp about it at that. He handles the language, especially the written variety, with the same deftness as any reputed native writer would do. With his language, Sinha has shown that an Indian can share the world with the English on equal terms, as even while presenting Indian culture to the western reader he strikes a golden medium by presenting a correct picture in a correct manner and in a correct language. Like any native writer he fearlessly and intelligently goes beyond the established rules to create something new and honest, with the idea of enriching English language and literature, not merely creating Indian English or Indian English literature. In his writing, there is not only Indianness but also Englishness about his English. He has presented Indian culture in the English language with minimum awkwardness and maximum acceptance.
The present paper deals with the study of " Stylistics in Nissim Ezekiel's Corpus. " The stylisti... more The present paper deals with the study of " Stylistics in Nissim Ezekiel's Corpus. " The stylistics is a meeting ground of language and literature. It is the study of the use of language in literature; the study of language as a complement and aid to the study of literature; a characteristic manner of expression; how a particular writer or speaker says things. It is such a part of linguistics as concentrates on variation or innovation in the use of language. Stylistics is not a stylish word, but it is well connected. The true nature of it is elusive and needs subtler net to catch the variations. Thus a detailed stylistic study of Ezekiel's poems reveals interesting features of his poetic language and style. The focus has been on how he has managed to choose a style clad in good uniform of thoughts and how he has made Indian English poetry glorious. Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of poetry, but also encourage him to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon we call stylistics.
The present article deals with the impact of westernization on Nissim Ezekiel's poetry. Human nat... more The present article deals with the impact of westernization on Nissim Ezekiel's poetry. Human nature is the fount whence Ezekiel's poetry springs. Ezekiel has delved deeply into the realms of Indian culture and what his eyes have seized is his poetry. With him the vernal breeze of new poetry bursts into the castle of Indian English poetry to sweep the long existed cobwebs away. His poetic corpus is boundless, endless and sublime; the real image of modern India. His poems are the most precious pearls culled from Indian cultural tributaries; unsurpassed to date. His poetry is an arch dome made from Indian culture but a little damaged by westernization. The focus has been on how he has managed to present the impact of westernization on Indian culture with a style clad in good uniform of thoughts, how he has made a perfect balance between Indian culture and the western culture in his poetry, how he has painted the woman in different roles and finally how he has amazingly combined the secular and religious themes in his love poems. Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of poetry, but also encourage him to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon we call westernization.
T.S. Eliot the physician of modern age, giant for moral criminals has shown in his multifaceted p... more T.S. Eliot the physician of modern age, giant for moral criminals has shown in his multifaceted poem 'The Waste Land' that past was morally rich but in present immorality has become a status. Ours is the society that feels to be honoured in tearing the faith and morality into pieces. Young girls feel relaxed on being openly raped – where is the modern morality? Maybe, it is in being raped. In ancient time the old were respected but now the same are involved in leching or ogling activities then who is respected and for what? Now, who can cherish renunciation or " shantih " in this modern waste land?
The present article is tied to the concepts needed to understand what it means for the term sense... more The present article is tied to the concepts needed to understand what it means for the term sense relations. It deals with some of the principles which are required to take an account of how languages organize and express meanings. In this article the complex phenomenon of the sense relations and meaning is focused on in detail. The focus has been on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to create sense relationships by using certain devices, how a speaker/writer picks up a property of an item from a certain field and attaches it to the item of another field, how the same word connotes new messages in response to new situations and new experiences and finally how the innovative semantic structure is applied to convey his/her intended meaning.
The present article deals with Nissim Ezekiel's sense of belonging to India. His emotional attach... more The present article deals with Nissim Ezekiel's sense of belonging to India. His emotional attachment to India and the manner in which he celebrates his Indianism in his poetry show intense devotion to the country as a whole. Ezekiel explored widely through Indian cultures and what his eyes caught is his poetry and it is the real image of modern India. Ezekiel loves India from the bottom of his heart. He broke the fantasy of Indian writers that they could do better in the west and thus became the role model so far as the belongingness to India was concerned. He celebrates India in his poems in various ways depending upon his mood. He expresses typical disgust at the backwardness and the havoc wrought by westernization. His poetry is an arch dome made from Indian culture but a little damaged by westernization. The focus has been on how his love to India reflects in his poetry, how he has attacked on the damages in Indian culture caused by either westernization or backwardness and finally, how he has made feel other India poets that they can do best by not withdrawing from India. Nissim Ezekiel is a modern Indo-Anglican poet for whom India is his motherland. In spite of the fact that he comes of a Jewish parentage, his emotional attachment to India and the manner in which he celebrates his Indianism in his poetry show intense devotion to the country as a whole. He is steeped and soaked in Indian life. But there is colouring of westernization. Ezekiel's Indianness lies in his commitment to this country and in his earnest and sincere endeavor to bring about certain improvements in the depressing, degrading and disgusting conditions of life through his poetry. There are many poems wherein he celebrates India in various ways depending upon his mood. Sometimes he is devotional as in " In India " , sometimes he is intensely passionate about its ancestry and tradition as in " Background, Casually " , yet at times he is a critic of its age worn traditions, superstitions and hypocrisy as in " Night of the Scorpion " and often he scoffs the hovering immorality. He expresses typical disgust at the backwardness and the havoc wrought by westernization.
The present paper " Perspectives of systematic marginalization in Indian writing in English " dea... more The present paper " Perspectives of systematic marginalization in Indian writing in English " deals with the study of the multi-layered concept of marginality. The term has different connotations and shades in the modern era to which I have searched out thoroughly in the major Indian writings. The main focus is on how the marginalized are compelled to suffer for the sins of others; how government-cum-bureaucratic system's way off working has suspended the buoyant quality of marginalized life and how the writers being appalled by the situation pulled their writings' trigger against the privileged criminals.
The present article deals that bilingualism is when two languages to come into contact. It focuse... more The present article deals that bilingualism is when two languages to come into contact. It focuses on the doctrines which are required to take an account of how people mix language in creative writings. It encompasses the complex phenomenon of the Nativization and Englishization which is studied in some details. The present study aims to analyze and categorize in terms of different processes involved in Nativization. The focus is on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to mix lexical items and linguistic features of two different languages in a sentence, how a speaker handles these languages simultaneously and what crucial features are needed in mixing. The study of bilingualism proves extremely beneficial, especially when the reader and writer are from different socio-cultural background. In cross-cultural communication people have to switch to other language on demand of the situation ie when the equivalent word in target language does not reflect the same meaning that is conveyed in the mother tongue or for assigning a precise socio-cultural sense.
The present paper “Indian literary rays on the varied shades in prism of marginality” deals with ... more The present paper “Indian literary rays on the varied shades in prism of marginality” deals with the study that the marginalized hold peripheral positions in the society as they are excluded from accessing equal power in the society. They are excluded thanks to their social attributes such as race, caste, gender, economy or religion. The term has different connotations and shades in the modern era to which I have searched out thoroughly in the major Indian writings. In spite of being a very controversial term, Indian literary writings have attempted to make well the injuries of the marginalized peoples by attacking on the nexus between criminals and government. The main focus is on what the various shades of systematic marginality are; how they are perceived, constructed and deconstructed for the personal pelf and profit of the privileged class; how the marginalized groups are subjected to economic and social hardships; how the sufferings of and atrocities committed upon the underdogs are realistically painted for amelioration within the social set up securing a brighter future to the marginalized classes; how the heuristic value of the notion of marginality can work for melioration or rehabilitation.
Abstract: This study aims to explore the typographic strategies employed by Aravind Adiga in his ... more Abstract: This study aims to explore the typographic strategies employed by Aravind Adiga in his novel The White Tiger, focusing on how visual elements contribute to the narrative’s thematic depth and infer deeper meaning. Through detailed discourse analysis, the research investigates the use of typography, including bold text, italics, capitalization, superscript, and other extra-linguistic elements as tools for emphasizing key moments, conveying character emotions, and highlighting deeply entrenched social, political and bureaucratic injustices. The method involves a close reading of the novel and a semiotic analysis of the typographic variations to interpret their symbolic significance. The results reveal that Adiga’s typographic choices are not merely aesthetic but serve as a powerful narrative device that enhances the reader’s engagement and understanding of the novel’s underlying messages, fostering a profound understanding of the protagonist's journey from darkness to light. Conclusively, Adiga’s innovative use of typography in The White Tiger adds a layer of artistic insight that enriches the novel’s exploration of corruption, social inequality, and the complexities of human ambition. The analysis underscores typography as a vehicle for deeper literary expression, offering new insights into Adiga's narrative technique where language and style converge to convey powerful, emotive meanings.
The present paper "Nissim Ezekiel: Alienation thanks to shattered nuptial bliss" deals with how p... more The present paper "Nissim Ezekiel: Alienation thanks to shattered nuptial bliss" deals with how poet's alienation sprouts from the man-woman relationships. Thanks to alienation how his praise coated words for pious love are turned to be pinching satirical arrows. How he has presented the woman in different roles by mingling the heterogeneous material and spiritual themes. Most importantly, present work not only offers the reader an indication of his poetic art, but also cheers him to think anew about the true nature of his felt alienation.
The present paper "Big man the laltain, small man the mombatti-A study of The White Tiger and The... more The present paper "Big man the laltain, small man the mombatti-A study of The White Tiger and The God of Small Things" deals with how the power politics play very prominent part in both the selected novels. Thanks to game of gap between poor and elite, powerful and weak, mighty and marginalized the underdogs are suppressed in the society to exclude themselves from accessing equal joys in social life. The grounds after their inhuman plight are social attributes such as race, caste, gender, economy or religion to which I have focused on thoroughly.
The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga Towards Innovative Summum Bonum” deals with th... more The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga Towards Innovative Summum Bonum” deals with the study of the amazing, innovative artistic skills with which the reader is spellbound and can’t help saying a wow. Their words and structures are not merely stylish ones, but are well connected to some demands or purposes. Here it is tried to find out how they have managed the innovative style, the meeting ground of language and literature to show the emotive meaning; how they say things with linguistics variations or innovations to start a stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of their style is elusive armed with subtler net to catch and ransack the roots of ordeals. The focus has been on how they have managed to choose an innovative artistic presentation to reveal the moral divorced socio-governmental workings which chocked and putrefied the buoyant quality of marginalized life. Key words: hegemonic, innovate, marginalized, system, typographic
The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga: the real rehabilitators” deals with the study... more The present paper “Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga: the real rehabilitators” deals with the study of literary writings’ mammoth contribution to monitor the major complexities and concerns in the society. Rehabilitation is one of the most focused matters in the modem era to which both Roy and Adiga give voice. Reflecting the divorce between political system and morality their writings sound an alley between socialism and intelligence. Thus a detailed study reveals interesting features of their contribution as rehabilitators. The focus has been on how they have managed to choose a satirical style in good uniform of thoughts and how they attacks on socio-governmental workings which corroded the development of underdogs. Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of socio-governmental corruptions, but also encourage him/her to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon that made the world of underdogs a vale of tears where grave seems to be the only place of rest.
The present paper deals with the importance of order of words in the study of syntax. It deals wi... more The present paper deals with the importance of order of words in the study of syntax. It deals with some of the principles which are required to take an account of how a language organizes and expresses meanings with different word order. In this article the complex phenomenon of study of order of words and meaning is focused on in detail. The focus has been on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to deviate from the normal order of words, how the same word connotes new messages in response to new situations and new positions and finally how the innovative semantic structure is applied to convey his/her intended meaning.
The present paper " THE THEME OF PATRIARCHAL ARROGANCE AGAINST FEMALES IN THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS... more The present paper " THE THEME OF PATRIARCHAL ARROGANCE AGAINST FEMALES IN THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS " deals with the study of thematic analysis with amazing, innovative artistic skills with which the reader is fascinated. Here it is tried to find out how she has managed the new theme with an innovative style; how her way of saying things creates a stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of her thematic presentation is to assault ordeals against females. The focus has been on how she has presented the theme of patriarchal arrogance against females which blocked and rotten the cheerful quality of the life of females. She has created a new dimension not only escaping from the mire of stale themes but evolving new artistic styles, which have definitely strengthen the Indian writing in English.
The present paper deals with the " Theory of intertextuality in The Reluctant Fundamentalist and ... more The present paper deals with the " Theory of intertextuality in The Reluctant Fundamentalist and the White Tiger It deals with some of the narrative principles which are required to take an account of how a theme or story is organized. In this article the complex phenomenon of the theory of intertextuality is focused on in detail. The focus has been on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to relate the other text, how they are interrelated to signify new messages in response to new situations and new positions and finally how they intensify the meaning and affect the reader.
The present paper “The theme of the loss of childhood in The God of Small Things and The
White Ti... more The present paper “The theme of the loss of childhood in The God of Small Things and The White Tiger” deals with the study of the comparative thematic analysis with amazing, innovative artistic skills with which the reader is enthralled. Here it is tried to find out how they have managed the new theme with innovative style; how their way of say things create a stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of their thematic presentation is to ransack and attack the roots of ordeals. The focus has been on how they have presented the theme of the loss of childhood which chocked and putrefied the buoyant quality of childhood. Both the authors have created a new dimension not only escaping from the mire of stale themes but evolving new artistic styles, which have definitely strengthen the Indian writing in English.
The present article focuses on the concepts needed to understand what it means for two languages ... more The present article focuses on the concepts needed to understand what it means for two languages to come into contact. It deals with some of the principles which are required to take an account of how people mix language in creative writings. It encompasses the complex phenomenon of the creative language and code mixing in detail. The focus is on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to mix lexical items and linguistic features of two different codes in a sentence, how a speaker handles these languages simultaneously and what crucial features are needed in code-mixing. The study of code-mixing proves extremely beneficial, especially when the reader and writer are from different social background because their cultural is very different from the rest of the society. In cross-cultural communication people
Now, without doubt, India can boast her competence as a user of English language as a native writ... more Now, without doubt, India can boast her competence as a user of English language as a native writer. Gone are days when any innovation in language in post colonial Indian writing in English was marginalized as impurity. "… India's literature has taken centre stage, nationally and internationally" 1 . Indra Sinha's Animal's People is an outright reply to WB Yeats statement, "Tagore does not know English. No Indian knows English. Nobody can write with music and style in a language not learnt in childhood and ever since the language of the thought" 2 . Sinha has successfully washed off old identities given to the Indian writers of English by the people from the first world. By marginalizing Indian culture and linguistic innovations he has created a wonder. His English respects the British formalism, and with an unmistakable indigenous stamp about it at that. He handles the language, especially the written variety, with the same deftness as any reputed native writer would do. With his language, Sinha has shown that an Indian can share the world with the English on equal terms, as even while presenting Indian culture to the western reader he strikes a golden medium by presenting a correct picture in a correct manner and in a correct language. Like any native writer he fearlessly and intelligently goes beyond the established rules to create something new and honest, with the idea of enriching English language and literature, not merely creating Indian English or Indian English literature. In his writing, there is not only Indianness but also Englishness about his English. He has presented Indian culture in the English language with minimum awkwardness and maximum acceptance.
The present paper deals with the study of " Stylistics in Nissim Ezekiel's Corpus. " The stylisti... more The present paper deals with the study of " Stylistics in Nissim Ezekiel's Corpus. " The stylistics is a meeting ground of language and literature. It is the study of the use of language in literature; the study of language as a complement and aid to the study of literature; a characteristic manner of expression; how a particular writer or speaker says things. It is such a part of linguistics as concentrates on variation or innovation in the use of language. Stylistics is not a stylish word, but it is well connected. The true nature of it is elusive and needs subtler net to catch the variations. Thus a detailed stylistic study of Ezekiel's poems reveals interesting features of his poetic language and style. The focus has been on how he has managed to choose a style clad in good uniform of thoughts and how he has made Indian English poetry glorious. Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of poetry, but also encourage him to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon we call stylistics.
The present article deals with the impact of westernization on Nissim Ezekiel's poetry. Human nat... more The present article deals with the impact of westernization on Nissim Ezekiel's poetry. Human nature is the fount whence Ezekiel's poetry springs. Ezekiel has delved deeply into the realms of Indian culture and what his eyes have seized is his poetry. With him the vernal breeze of new poetry bursts into the castle of Indian English poetry to sweep the long existed cobwebs away. His poetic corpus is boundless, endless and sublime; the real image of modern India. His poems are the most precious pearls culled from Indian cultural tributaries; unsurpassed to date. His poetry is an arch dome made from Indian culture but a little damaged by westernization. The focus has been on how he has managed to present the impact of westernization on Indian culture with a style clad in good uniform of thoughts, how he has made a perfect balance between Indian culture and the western culture in his poetry, how he has painted the woman in different roles and finally how he has amazingly combined the secular and religious themes in his love poems. Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of poetry, but also encourage him to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon we call westernization.
T.S. Eliot the physician of modern age, giant for moral criminals has shown in his multifaceted p... more T.S. Eliot the physician of modern age, giant for moral criminals has shown in his multifaceted poem 'The Waste Land' that past was morally rich but in present immorality has become a status. Ours is the society that feels to be honoured in tearing the faith and morality into pieces. Young girls feel relaxed on being openly raped – where is the modern morality? Maybe, it is in being raped. In ancient time the old were respected but now the same are involved in leching or ogling activities then who is respected and for what? Now, who can cherish renunciation or " shantih " in this modern waste land?
The present article is tied to the concepts needed to understand what it means for the term sense... more The present article is tied to the concepts needed to understand what it means for the term sense relations. It deals with some of the principles which are required to take an account of how languages organize and express meanings. In this article the complex phenomenon of the sense relations and meaning is focused on in detail. The focus has been on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to create sense relationships by using certain devices, how a speaker/writer picks up a property of an item from a certain field and attaches it to the item of another field, how the same word connotes new messages in response to new situations and new experiences and finally how the innovative semantic structure is applied to convey his/her intended meaning.
The present article deals with Nissim Ezekiel's sense of belonging to India. His emotional attach... more The present article deals with Nissim Ezekiel's sense of belonging to India. His emotional attachment to India and the manner in which he celebrates his Indianism in his poetry show intense devotion to the country as a whole. Ezekiel explored widely through Indian cultures and what his eyes caught is his poetry and it is the real image of modern India. Ezekiel loves India from the bottom of his heart. He broke the fantasy of Indian writers that they could do better in the west and thus became the role model so far as the belongingness to India was concerned. He celebrates India in his poems in various ways depending upon his mood. He expresses typical disgust at the backwardness and the havoc wrought by westernization. His poetry is an arch dome made from Indian culture but a little damaged by westernization. The focus has been on how his love to India reflects in his poetry, how he has attacked on the damages in Indian culture caused by either westernization or backwardness and finally, how he has made feel other India poets that they can do best by not withdrawing from India. Nissim Ezekiel is a modern Indo-Anglican poet for whom India is his motherland. In spite of the fact that he comes of a Jewish parentage, his emotional attachment to India and the manner in which he celebrates his Indianism in his poetry show intense devotion to the country as a whole. He is steeped and soaked in Indian life. But there is colouring of westernization. Ezekiel's Indianness lies in his commitment to this country and in his earnest and sincere endeavor to bring about certain improvements in the depressing, degrading and disgusting conditions of life through his poetry. There are many poems wherein he celebrates India in various ways depending upon his mood. Sometimes he is devotional as in " In India " , sometimes he is intensely passionate about its ancestry and tradition as in " Background, Casually " , yet at times he is a critic of its age worn traditions, superstitions and hypocrisy as in " Night of the Scorpion " and often he scoffs the hovering immorality. He expresses typical disgust at the backwardness and the havoc wrought by westernization.
The present paper " Perspectives of systematic marginalization in Indian writing in English " dea... more The present paper " Perspectives of systematic marginalization in Indian writing in English " deals with the study of the multi-layered concept of marginality. The term has different connotations and shades in the modern era to which I have searched out thoroughly in the major Indian writings. The main focus is on how the marginalized are compelled to suffer for the sins of others; how government-cum-bureaucratic system's way off working has suspended the buoyant quality of marginalized life and how the writers being appalled by the situation pulled their writings' trigger against the privileged criminals.
The present article deals that bilingualism is when two languages to come into contact. It focuse... more The present article deals that bilingualism is when two languages to come into contact. It focuses on the doctrines which are required to take an account of how people mix language in creative writings. It encompasses the complex phenomenon of the Nativization and Englishization which is studied in some details. The present study aims to analyze and categorize in terms of different processes involved in Nativization. The focus is on when and why the speaker or writer feels the need to mix lexical items and linguistic features of two different languages in a sentence, how a speaker handles these languages simultaneously and what crucial features are needed in mixing. The study of bilingualism proves extremely beneficial, especially when the reader and writer are from different socio-cultural background. In cross-cultural communication people have to switch to other language on demand of the situation ie when the equivalent word in target language does not reflect the same meaning that is conveyed in the mother tongue or for assigning a precise socio-cultural sense.
The present paper “Indian literary rays on the varied shades in prism of marginality” deals with ... more The present paper “Indian literary rays on the varied shades in prism of marginality” deals with the study that the marginalized hold peripheral positions in the society as they are excluded from accessing equal power in the society. They are excluded thanks to their social attributes such as race, caste, gender, economy or religion. The term has different connotations and shades in the modern era to which I have searched out thoroughly in the major Indian writings. In spite of being a very controversial term, Indian literary writings have attempted to make well the injuries of the marginalized peoples by attacking on the nexus between criminals and government. The main focus is on what the various shades of systematic marginality are; how they are perceived, constructed and deconstructed for the personal pelf and profit of the privileged class; how the marginalized groups are subjected to economic and social hardships; how the sufferings of and atrocities committed upon the underdogs are realistically painted for amelioration within the social set up securing a brighter future to the marginalized classes; how the heuristic value of the notion of marginality can work for melioration or rehabilitation.
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Papers by V K Sharma
novel The White Tiger, focusing on how visual elements contribute to the narrative’s thematic depth
and infer deeper meaning. Through detailed discourse analysis, the research investigates the use of
typography, including bold text, italics, capitalization, superscript, and other extra-linguistic elements
as tools for emphasizing key moments, conveying character emotions, and highlighting deeply
entrenched social, political and bureaucratic injustices. The method involves a close reading of the novel
and a semiotic analysis of the typographic variations to interpret their symbolic significance. The results
reveal that Adiga’s typographic choices are not merely aesthetic but serve as a powerful narrative device
that enhances the reader’s engagement and understanding of the novel’s underlying messages, fostering
a profound understanding of the protagonist's journey from darkness to light. Conclusively, Adiga’s
innovative use of typography in The White Tiger adds a layer of artistic insight that enriches the
novel’s exploration of corruption, social inequality, and the complexities of human ambition. The
analysis underscores typography as a vehicle for deeper literary expression, offering new insights into
Adiga's narrative technique where language and style converge to convey powerful, emotive meanings.
Key words: hegemonic, innovate, marginalized, system, typographic
Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of socio-governmental corruptions, but also encourage him/her to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon that made the world of underdogs a vale of tears where grave seems to be the only place of rest.
Key words: rehabilitation, parasite, corruption, bureaucracy, nexus
White Tiger” deals with the study of the comparative thematic analysis with amazing,
innovative artistic skills with which the reader is enthralled. Here it is tried to find out how
they have managed the new theme with innovative style; how their way of say things create a
stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of their thematic
presentation is to ransack and attack the roots of ordeals. The focus has been on how they
have presented the theme of the loss of childhood which chocked and putrefied the buoyant
quality of childhood. Both the authors have created a new dimension not only escaping from
the mire of stale themes but evolving new artistic styles, which have definitely strengthen the
Indian writing in English.
novel The White Tiger, focusing on how visual elements contribute to the narrative’s thematic depth
and infer deeper meaning. Through detailed discourse analysis, the research investigates the use of
typography, including bold text, italics, capitalization, superscript, and other extra-linguistic elements
as tools for emphasizing key moments, conveying character emotions, and highlighting deeply
entrenched social, political and bureaucratic injustices. The method involves a close reading of the novel
and a semiotic analysis of the typographic variations to interpret their symbolic significance. The results
reveal that Adiga’s typographic choices are not merely aesthetic but serve as a powerful narrative device
that enhances the reader’s engagement and understanding of the novel’s underlying messages, fostering
a profound understanding of the protagonist's journey from darkness to light. Conclusively, Adiga’s
innovative use of typography in The White Tiger adds a layer of artistic insight that enriches the
novel’s exploration of corruption, social inequality, and the complexities of human ambition. The
analysis underscores typography as a vehicle for deeper literary expression, offering new insights into
Adiga's narrative technique where language and style converge to convey powerful, emotive meanings.
Key words: hegemonic, innovate, marginalized, system, typographic
Above all, this study, undertaken in the manner presented in this work, will not only provide the reader with insights into the workings of socio-governmental corruptions, but also encourage him/her to think afresh about the nature of that complex phenomenon that made the world of underdogs a vale of tears where grave seems to be the only place of rest.
Key words: rehabilitation, parasite, corruption, bureaucracy, nexus
White Tiger” deals with the study of the comparative thematic analysis with amazing,
innovative artistic skills with which the reader is enthralled. Here it is tried to find out how
they have managed the new theme with innovative style; how their way of say things create a
stir in the minds. Thus a detailed study reveals that the true nature of their thematic
presentation is to ransack and attack the roots of ordeals. The focus has been on how they
have presented the theme of the loss of childhood which chocked and putrefied the buoyant
quality of childhood. Both the authors have created a new dimension not only escaping from
the mire of stale themes but evolving new artistic styles, which have definitely strengthen the
Indian writing in English.