Papers by Virginia Utermohlen
Archives of Oral Biology, 2009
Objective-Growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are polypeptides th... more Objective-Growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are polypeptides that are involved in the maintenance, survival, and death of central and peripheral cells. Numerous growth factors have been identified in saliva and are thought to promote wound healing and maintenance of the oral epithelium. The aim of this study was to determine if BDNF is also found in human saliva.
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, Jul 1, 1980
Sodium linoleate was found to significantly decrease direct migration inhibition (DMI) of leukocy... more Sodium linoleate was found to significantly decrease direct migration inhibition (DMI) of leukocytes taken from healthy subjects that displayed a vigorous DMI response to paramyxoviral antigens (measles and parainfluenza Type 1) and to increase reactivity of leukocytes from subjects with poor response to these antigens. Similar effects were found with sodium arachidonate, PGE,, and PGE,. but not with sodium oleate. Linoleate was found to exert its effects through its conversion to prostaglandins by a nonglassadherent mononuclear subpopulation of the white blood cells.
Public Health Nutrition, Apr 1, 2001
Objective: To identify the major perceived influences on food choice, to examine the use of and t... more Objective: To identify the major perceived influences on food choice, to examine the use of and trust in information sources concerning healthy eating, and to assess attitudes towards and barriers to adopting healthy eating practices in a post-USSR country (Ukraine). Design: A survey of an urban adult population. The questions were adopted from the Pan-European Union (EU) Survey of Consumer Attitudes to Food, Nutrition and Health (1995±1996). Setting: Lviv city, Ukraine. Subjects: The survey included 296 adults (84 males, 212 females) aged 18±55 years; they were primarily college students and subjects with tertiary education ± the groups most likely to be both interested in healthy eating and affected by current socioeconomic downturns. Results: The major factors in food choice were:`quality/freshness' (cited by 80%), price' (58%) and`taste' (47%); only 34% cited`trying to eat healthily'. More older people cited`price' than`quality/freshness', and men were more likely than women to cite`taste'. Sources of healthy eating information included:`relatives/friends' (cited by 65%, trusted by 85%) and health professionals (trusted by 92%, but used by only 35%); while advertising was the least trusted source (cited by 28%). Fifty-three per cent of respondents considered their diet to be healthy enough without further changes; 50% thought of the nutritional aspects of the food they ate; fewer women than men considered their diet healthy, and more women than men thought about nutrition. Barriers to healthy eating included:`cost' (cited by 65%),`lack of time' (55%),`self-control' (54%),`selection influences' (41%),`lack of knowledge' (32%), unpleasant foods' and`resistance to change' (both 30%). Conclusions: Strategies to encourage healthy eating in this population should involve word-of-mouth nutrition education concerning low-cost healthy alternatives.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Sep 1, 1986
Possible effects of dietary n-6 series polyunsaturated fatty acids on the development of immune d... more Possible effects of dietary n-6 series polyunsaturated fatty acids on the development of immune dysfunction and infection
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, Jun 1, 1983
Human plasma thymic factor in vitro (human "facteur thymique sérique," or FTS) ... more Human plasma thymic factor in vitro (human "facteur thymique sérique," or FTS) (at concentrations between 0.25 and 0.25 X 10(5) pg/ml) significantly increased "avid" E-rosette formation by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). It also increased the percentage of OKT8+ cells but did not affect the percentages of OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT11+, OKIa1+, or OKM+ cells. In the low-density immature PBMC, FTS increased both total and avid E-rosette formation, while increasing the percentages of OKT3+ and OKT8+ cells and decreasing the percentage of OKT4+ cells. Theophylline decreased E-rosette formation and the percentages of OKT3+ and OKT4+ among PBMC, and increased the percentages of OKT3+ and OKT4+ among the low-density cells. Human FTS may be capable of inducing maturation of immature PBMC into E-rosette-forming OKT3+8+ cells, while increasing the percentage of mature cells which may be doubly labeled OKT4+8+. The function of such doubly labeled cells remains to be determined. Human FTS may act by increasing intracellular cAMP in immature cells, but probably has a different mode of action in mature cells.
The effect of zinc deficiency may have play role on immune response that takes place during the c... more The effect of zinc deficiency may have play role on immune response that takes place during the critical growth period. Disorder of immune system may lead to the increased risk of infectious diseases.Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has a function as the first time barrier againts microorganisms and cell proliferation within immune system, which also highly influenzed by zinc. In children with malnutrition, including zinc, disorder, the production of secretory Ig A within their digestive system is also disturbed. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference of CRP and IgA levels on normal zinc levels and low zinc levels in wasted children underfives in Peneleh Puclic Health Center Surabaya City. Crossectional comparative design was done in 28 wasting children. Underfive children were randomized to observed CRP and IgA level. At the end of the study there were no significant differences in serum CRP level (p > 0.05)between children with low serum zinc levels and normal zinc levels (P=1.000). Children with higher serum zinc levels had higher blood levels of IgA (p=0.005). There were significant differences in IgA level (p =0,001) between children with normal zinc level and low zinc level. The result suggested that normal zinc levels may play role to perform antibody (IgA) for wasted underfive children to protect infection diseases than low zinc levels in wasted children under five.
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, Sep 1, 1997
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1980
Sodium linoleate was found to significantly decrease direct migration inhibition (DMI) of leukocy... more Sodium linoleate was found to significantly decrease direct migration inhibition (DMI) of leukocytes taken from healthy subjects that displayed a vigorous DMI response to paramyxoviral antigens (measles and parainfluenza Type 1) and to increase reactivity of leukocytes from subjects with poor response to these antigens. Similar effects were found with sodium arachidonate, PGE,, and PGE,. but not with sodium oleate. Linoleate was found to exert its effects through its conversion to prostaglandins by a nonglassadherent mononuclear subpopulation of the white blood cells.
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1981
The direct migration inhibition (DMI) assay with measles antigen was performed on leukocytes from... more The direct migration inhibition (DMI) assay with measles antigen was performed on leukocytes from 24 Trinidadian children both before and after measles vaccination. The children had no clinical history or serological evidence of measles before vaccination. After vaccination, the measles (HI) antibody titer (geometric mean titer) rose to 1: 128. Despite the lack of prior measles exposure, migration inhibition to the antigen was high before vaccination and did not significantly differ from migration inhibition after vaccination. This finding suggests that reactivity to measles in the DMI assay is probably nonspecific and does not depend on prior exposure to measles.
Progress in Lipid Research, 1981
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1994
Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 1993
Using a composite questionnaire, we measured the degree to which preoccupation with eating and bo... more Using a composite questionnaire, we measured the degree to which preoccupation with eating and body mass index (BMI) are related to a series of psychological measures in a sample of female college students. Eating preoccupation was measured using a set of questions designed to be free of affective content. Thirty volunteers filled out the questionnaire; their height and weight were measured under standard conditions. Correlations showed that BMI was positively related to the variables Depression and Emotional Response to Environmental Stimuli, while Eating Preoccupation was most closely related to Anxiety. Principal components analysis revealed two factors, one containing measures of positive emotionality, and one containing Eating Preoccupation and measures of negative emotionality, with BMI loaded on both components. These factors reflect the relationship of BMI to measures of both positive and negative emotionality. Positive emotionality may be a reflection of activation of a neurobehavioral system, the behavioral facilitation system, while negative emotionality may be a reflection of activation of the behavioral inhibition system. The overweight women in this study appeared to have high levels of activation of one or both systems, while the underweight women appeared to have low activation of both systems. Approaches to the study of obesity in women should take into account the fact that positive emotionality, as well as negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, may be related to BMI, and that eating preoccupation appears to be a subset of overall anxiety.
Quels sont les rapports entre les temps, les rythmes sociaux et les pratiques liées à l'alime... more Quels sont les rapports entre les temps, les rythmes sociaux et les pratiques liées à l'alimentation ? Dans quelle mesure celles-ci contribuent-elles à l'organisation du temps quotidien et des calendriers ? Dans quelle mesure sont-elles, en retour, réglées par les contraintes du temps ? On ne peut répondre à ces questions sans embrasser la diversité anthropologique, historique et sociale des conceptions et des usages du temps. Les études réunies dans ce volume invitent à des approches croisées : par exemple entre le temps des consommateurs et celui des producteurs, entre le temps des cultures sans horloge et le temps des sociétés hyperponctuelles, entre les civilisations qui associent temps linéaire et temps cyclique et celles qui ne croient qu'à un seul temps. Traiter du temps sous l'angle de l'alimentation aide, en spécifiant une notion spontanément concédée à la physique et à la philosophie, à la faire entrer dans le champ des sciences humaines
Le temps de manger
Il est évident que tout être humain doit manger, et que cette prise de nourriture doit avoir lieu... more Il est évident que tout être humain doit manger, et que cette prise de nourriture doit avoir lieu à des intervalles discrets. Les autres articles contenus dans ce recueil insistent sur le fait que la distribution des repas dans le temps, et l’association de ces repas aux autres événements sociaux, sont d’une importance fondamentale pour la vie humaine. En effet les repas sont à la fois des « donneurs de temps sociaux « (Pillet & Amphoux 1982) et des ponctuations des événements de la journée. ..
A B S T R A C T The question of whether hypersensitivity to streptococcal antigens plays a role i... more A B S T R A C T The question of whether hypersensitivity to streptococcal antigens plays a role in the pathogenesis of the nonsuppurative sequelae of streptococcal infections remains at present unclear. As a first step in the approach to this question, the degree of cellular reactivity of peripheral blood leucocytes to streptococcal
Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 1993
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004
Background: We previously showed that iron supplementation significantly improves iron status and... more Background: We previously showed that iron supplementation significantly improves iron status and maximal work capacity in previously untrained, marginally iron-deficient women with a baseline serum transferrin receptor concentration 8.0 mg/L. However, the effect of transferrin receptor status on adaptation in endurance capacity after aerobic training in these subjects has not been fully explored. Objective: Our objective was to examine the effect of baseline serum transferrin receptor status on adaptations in endurance capacity. Design: Forty-one untrained, iron-depleted, nonanemic women were randomly assigned to receive either 100 mg FeSO 4 or a placebo for 6 wk in a double-blind trial. All subjects trained on cycle ergometers 5 d/wk for the last 4 wk of the study. Endurance capacity was assessed at baseline and after treatment by using a 15-km time trial conducted on a cycle ergometer. Results: Significant treatment effects were observed for time to complete the 15-km time trial, work rate, and percentage of maximal oxygen uptake in subjects with a baseline serum transferrin receptor concentration 8.0 mg/L. No significant treatment effects were observed in subjects with a normal baseline transferrin receptor concentration. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, in the presence of overt tissue iron deficiency, iron deficiency without anemia impairs adaptation in endurance capacity after aerobic training in previously untrained women. This impairment can be corrected with iron supplementation.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1984
The three components of body mass, body cell mass (BCM), extracellular fluid (ECF), and fat + ext... more The three components of body mass, body cell mass (BCM), extracellular fluid (ECF), and fat + extracellular solids (ECS: bone, tendon, etc) can be quantified using established isotope dilution techniques. With these techniques, total body water (TBW) and ECF are measured using 3H2O and 82Bromine, respectively, as tracers. BCM is calculated from intracellular fluid (ICF) where ICF = TBW - ECF. Fat + ECS is estimated as: body weight - (BCM + ECF). TBW and ECF can be determined by either of two calculation methods, one requiring several timed plasma samples (extrapolation method) and one requiring a single plasma sample and a 4-h urine collection (urine-corrected method). The comparability of the two calculation methods was evaluated in 20 studies in 12 bone marrow transplant recipients. We found that for determination of TBW and ECF there was a very strong linear relationship (r2 greater than 0.98) between the calculation methods. Further comparisons (by t test, 2-sided) indicated that for the determination of ECF, the methods were not significantly (p greater than 0.90) different; however, TBW determined by the urine-corrected method was slightly (0.1 to 6%), but significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than that determined by the extrapolation method. Therefore, relative to the extrapolation method, the urine-corrected method "over-estimates" BCM and "under-estimates" fat + ECS since determination of these compartment sizes depends on measurement of TBW. We currently use serial isotope dilution studies to monitor the body composition changes of patients receiving therapeutic nutritional support.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002
Background: Iron deficiency without anemia has been shown to reduce both muscle-tissue oxidative ... more Background: Iron deficiency without anemia has been shown to reduce both muscle-tissue oxidative capacity and endurance in animals. However, the consequences of iron deficiency in humans remain unclear. Objective: We investigated the effects of iron supplementation on adaptation to aerobic training among marginally irondepleted women. We hypothesized that iron supplementation for 6 wk would significantly improve iron status and maximal oxygen uptake (• VO 2 max) after 4 wk of concurrent aerobic training. Design: Forty-one untrained, iron-depleted, nonanemic women were randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg FeSO 4 or a placebo twice daily for 6 wk in a double-blind trial. All subjects trained on cycle ergometers 5 d/wk for 4 wk, beginning on week 3 of the study. Results: Six weeks of iron supplementation significantly improved serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations and transferrin saturation without affecting hemoglobin concentrations or hematocrit. Average • VO 2 max and maximal respiratory exchange ratio improved in both the placebo and iron groups after training; however, the iron group experienced significantly greater improvements in • VO 2 max. Both iron-status and fitness outcomes were analyzed after stratifying by baseline sTfR concentration (> and ≤ 8.0 mg/L), which showed that the previously observed treatment effects were due to iron-status and fitness improvements among subjects with poor baseline iron status. Conclusions: Our findings strongly suggest that iron deficiency without anemia but with elevated sTfR status impairs aerobic adaptation among previously untrained women and that this can be corrected with iron supplementation.
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 1978
Abstract Direct migration inhibition with measles antigen and “avid” E-rosette formation are dire... more Abstract Direct migration inhibition with measles antigen and “avid” E-rosette formation are directly correlated in normal subjects. Both functions are decreased in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). These findings suggest that common factors affect both specific measles reactivity and nonspecific T-cell function in MS.
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Papers by Virginia Utermohlen