Papers by VALERIANO DAL CIN
Rivista di frutticoltura …, 2004
Información del artículo Influenza dell'altitudine e della carica produttiva su aspetti mole... more Información del artículo Influenza dell'altitudine e della carica produttiva su aspetti molecolari della maturazione delle mele.
Acta horticulturae, Jun 1, 2005
Many fruit species bear an abundance of flowers which produce a surplus of fruits that the tree i... more Many fruit species bear an abundance of flowers which produce a surplus of fruits that the tree is unable to support. In anticipation of this, the major fruit species developed an immature fruit (fruitlet) physiological drop as a self regulatory mechanism. From a horticultural point of view, this self regulating mechanism may be too strong or entirely insufficient. In order to overcome these shortcomings bioregulators are currently used. A more precise understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying natural fruitlet abscission would help in setting up more efficient control strategies. In this context apple fruitlets were assumed as study model. Fruitlet abscission is a highly coordinated event. It involves multiple changes leading to cell separation occurring in specific tissues designated as abscission zones (AZ). Ethylene and IAA regulate abscission. The general interaction between the two hormones is manifested in their antagonistic relationship, where the IAA status of the tissues controls their sensitivity to ethylene.[...]
AccessScience, Jul 10, 2015
A phytohormone (plant hormone) that is an important signaling molecule involved in many plant pro... more A phytohormone (plant hormone) that is an important signaling molecule involved in many plant proces…
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Acta Horticulturae, 2005
1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is known as an antagonist of ethylene action. A number of different ... more 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is known as an antagonist of ethylene action. A number of different trials demonstrated that not all climacteric fruits respond in a similar way to 1-MCP treatment: two examples are represented by apple and peach fruits. When applied on apples, 1-MCP is particularly effective in delaying ripening, while in peaches the rate of softening is slowed down only during the incubation period and a quick recovery of ripening parameters occurs in the post-treatment phase. In order to elucidate this different behavior, specific trials on peaches and apples have been performed. As expected, apple (cv. 'Golden Delicious' and 'Royal Gala') fruits responded to 1-MCP (0.625 ppm for 24h) maintaining firmness and producing little ethylene for the considered period (24 days) at 20°C, whereas in peaches (cv. 'Summer Rich'), 1-MCP (1ppm for 24 or 72h) was effective in reducing ethylene evolution and slowing down the softening process only during the incubation time and a short period thereafter. The quick recoveries of ethylene biosynthesis and the softening process observed in peaches during the posttreatment phase are associated with increases of PpACO1 and polygalacturonase (PG) gene expression. A molecular approach was used to investigate the sensitivity of both apples and peaches to ethylene. ETR1 (a member of the ethylene receptor family) gene expression was monitored via RT-PCR and a different behavior between apples and peaches has been observed: in fact, following 1-MCP treatment, MdETR1 transcript accumulation showed a decreasing trend, whereas the amount of PpETR1 mRNA did not significantly change throughout the considered periods.
Acta Horticulturae, 2006
Many fruit species bear an abundance of flowers which produce a surplus of fruit that the tree is... more Many fruit species bear an abundance of flowers which produce a surplus of fruit that the tree is unable to support. In anticipation of this the major fruit species developed an immature fruit physiological drop as a self regulatory mechanism. The physiological fruit drop leads to a reduction of the fruit number per tree, but this is still insufficient to guarantee, at harvest, fruits of good marketable size and maximum commercial yield. For this reason supplementary fruit thinning is performed to achieve the optimum fruit load. Taking into account the practical importance of the thinning operations, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying natural fruitlet abscission is important for improving fruit thinning techniques and setting up molecular strategies useful for screening new chemical thinners or for selecting self thinning cultivars. Fruitlet abscission is a highly coordinated event. It involves multiple changes in cell structure, metabolism and gene expression leading to cell separation occurring in an abscission zone (AZ). Anatomical, biochemical and molecular events associated with cell separation at fruit AZ level have been described. Ethylene and IAA are deeply involved in the regulation of abscission. The general interaction between the two hormones is manifested in their antagonistic relation when the IAA status controls sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. On the other hand, ethylene is a potent inhibitor of IAA interfering with its polar transport. Recent advances on molecular aspects referring to ethylene biosynthesis and action, as well as IAA polar transport, in relation to apple and peach fruitlet abscission are discussed. Practical Aspects Both apple and peach require fruitlet thinning to promote more uniform annual bearing and to maximize crop value by optimizing fruit size, color, shape and quality, to promote return bloom and to maintain tree growth. In apple, fruitlet thinning is usually
This paper is available online free of all access charges (see
This paper is available online free of all access charges (see
Thinning of young fruit is an important agronomical practice to ensure the maximum economic produ... more Thinning of young fruit is an important agronomical practice to ensure the maximum economic production. This prac-tice is based on the control of the natural self thinning process occurring during fruit development. At the early stages of fruit development (fruitlet), the vegetative part of the tree is competing with the reproductive part of the tree and within the fruit clusters the different fruitlets are competing with each other. As a result the least fit organ abscises, Ethylene and auxin play a central role in this event but the role of ethylene is not thoroughly understood because in other systems abscission occurs partly with ethylene independent processes. We have followed the early development of fruitlets and studied the transcription patterns of MADS-box and ethylene related transcripts. Furthermore, we verified that ethylene has an effect on the expression of some ethylene related and MADS box genes. We propose that the ethyl-ene burst during abscission induction is sim...
Rivista Di Frutticoltura E Di Ortofloricoltura, 2004
Información del artículo Influenza dell'altitudine e della carica produttiva su aspetti ... more Información del artículo Influenza dell'altitudine e della carica produttiva su aspetti molecolari della maturazione delle mele.
Mol Biotechnol, 2005
Several protocols and commercial kits are used for the extraction of nucleic acids from different... more Several protocols and commercial kits are used for the extraction of nucleic acids from different plant tissues. Although there are several procedures available to remove sugars, which hinder the extraction of clean genomic DNA, there are few to assist with extraction of RNA. Those presently used include precipitations with ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or lithium chloride (LiCl), or centrifugation in cesium chloride (CsCl) gradients, but these generally either do not allow high recovery of RNA, are time consuming, rely on hazardous chemicals or need special equipment. Here we present the use of the simple cation, Ca 2+ , which has been tested and shown to be very efficient for the precipitation of high molecular weight pectic sugars during RNA extraction. Results are presented for different plant tissues, especially tissues of peach and apple fruits at varying ripening stages.
Tag Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Aug 13, 2009
The phytohormone ethylene is essential for ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. While m... more The phytohormone ethylene is essential for ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. While many of the genes responsible for ethylene synthesis and perception have been identiWed, the regulatory network controlling autocatalytic climacteric ethylene synthesis is not well understood. In order to better understand the regulation of ripening-associated ethylene, we have exploited the genetic variation within Solanum Sect. Lycopersicon. In particular, we have used a near-isogenic population of S. habrochaites introgression lines to identify chromosome segments aVecting ethylene emissions during ripening. S. habrochaites fruits produce much larger quantities of ethylene during ripening than do cultivated S. lycopersicum tomatoes. A total of 17 segments were identiWed; 3 had emissions more than twice the level of the tomato parent, 11 had less than a twofold increase and 3 had signiWcantly reduced emissions at one or more ripening stages. While several of these segments co-segregate with known ethylene-related genes, many do not correspond to known genes. Thus, they may identify novel modes of regulation. These results illustrate the utility of wild relatives and their introgression lines to understand regulation of fruit ripening-related processes.
Molecular Biotechnology, Jun 1, 2007
The last step of ethylene biosynthesis in apple is catalyzed by ACO (1-aminocyclopropane 1-carbox... more The last step of ethylene biosynthesis in apple is catalyzed by ACO (1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid oxidase) encoded by MdACO1 and MdACO2. Both genes were expressed during early fruit development although at different level. Later on, the ACO transcript accumulation in persisting fruitlets decreased whereas in fruitlets undergoing abscission MdACO2 transcripts remained constant and those of MdACO1dramatically increased. The expression of MdACO was assessed by a particular type of semi-quantitative PCR involving 33P labeled primers and the following electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The use of either the reverse primer or the anchored oligo dT13 produced clear and elegant results. Nevertheless, the initial quantity of labeled primer appeared to be a crucial factor for obtaining a wide range titration curve.
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2006
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an antagonist of ethylene for receptor binding sites and the effe... more 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an antagonist of ethylene for receptor binding sites and the effects of its application differ in relation to a number of factors including genotype and ripening physiology. Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. 'Summer Rich') and apple (Malus × domestica L. Borkh cv. 'Golden Delicious') fruits were incubated with 1-MCP (1 L L −1 ) for 24 h at 20 • C and respiration rate, ethylene production and fruit firmness, together with ACC synthase, ACC oxidase, ETR1, ERS1, and CTR1 gene expression patterns were assessed throughout the post-treatment phase. 1-MCP was confirmed to be effective in delaying ripening in apples while in peaches only a limited effect of the chemical was observed. A dramatic inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis and ACS gene expression was induced by 1-MCP in apples whereas no marked difference was observed in peaches between the two controls (in air and in sealed jars without 1-MCP) and the treated fruit. In apples, Md-ETR1 and Md-ERS1 gene expression was down-regulated by 1-MCP starting from the end of the treatment, while Md-CTR1 appeared negatively affected by the chemical at a later stage. Transcription of Pp-ETR1, Pp-ERS1 and Pp-CTR1 genes appeared unaffected in 1-MCP treated peaches. Differences in receptor transcript levels between control fruit maintained in air and those enclosed in sealed jars without 1-MCP may be due to an effect of CO 2 that rapidly accumulates following incubation of ripening peaches. Results support the hypothesis that the different behaviour of peaches and apples in response to 1-MCP application might be related to differences in terms of ratio, expression patterns and/or turn-over of the ethylene receptors.
The phytohormone ethylene is essential for ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. While m... more The phytohormone ethylene is essential for ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. While many of the genes responsible for ethylene synthesis and percep- tion have been identiWed, the regulatory network control- ling autocatalytic climacteric ethylene synthesis is not well understood. In order to better understand the regulation of ripening-associated ethylene, we have exploited the genetic variation within Solanum Sect.
Annals of botany, 2007
It has been previously shown that abscission of apple fruitlets is preceded by an increase in eth... more It has been previously shown that abscission of apple fruitlets is preceded by an increase in ethylene evolution and in the amount of transcripts for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), an enzyme catalysing the final step in ethylene biosynthesis. These events are concomitant with shedding induction and chemical thinning. There are several thinners but their mode of action and efficacy is poorly understood. One of them is benzylaminopurine (BA), a cytokinin believed to act by enhancing vegetative activity and stressing the competition between shoots and fruitlets, thus leading to fruitlet shedding. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of action of BA and the variable effect depending on apple cultivar (easy or difficult to thin) are poorly understood. Abscission, the amount of MdACO1 transcripts and other parameters were followed in immature apple fruits during the period of physiological drop. The cultivars studied were 'Golden Delicious' and the 'spur'...
Advances in Plant Ethylene Research, 2007
Abscission is a highly coordinated process in which organ detachment occurs in specific cell laye... more Abscission is a highly coordinated process in which organ detachment occurs in specific cell layers named abscission zone (Roberts et al. 2002). Ethylene and auxins are the major hormones involved and their interaction is believed to be of paramount importance during ...
Advances in Plant Ethylene Research, 2007
Abscission was studied in immature apple fruits (cv Golden Delicious) during the physiological dr... more Abscission was studied in immature apple fruits (cv Golden Delicious) during the physiological drop. Fruitlet shedding is preceded by a stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis and a gain in sensitivity to the hormone. Experiments were performed on abscising fruitlet (AF) and non-abscising fruitlet (NAF) populations. AF were obtained from lateral fruitlets of trees sprayed with benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 200 ppm, 17
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Papers by VALERIANO DAL CIN