The first objective of this paper is to reconstruct the production technology of fourth–first cen... more The first objective of this paper is to reconstruct the production technology of fourth–first centuries BCE coarse ware from surveys near the ancient town of Norba in the Lepini Mountains of Southern Lazio, Italy, adopting a multi-analytical method, combining macroscopic observation with polarised light optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second objective of this study is to gain insight into Norba’s integration in broader production and distribution networks in Southern Lazio between the fourth–first centuries BCE, by comparing the results with previous data for coarse ware prevalent in the region at that time. The results indicate that the coarse ware from Norba was produced with Fe-rich, Ca-poor, and illite-muscovite clays and fired in an oxidising atmosphere between 750 and 900 °C. Differences among the coarse ware exist in the paste recipes, e.g. intentionally added temper. Most coarse ware from Norba bears compositional ...
This paper engages with Nathan Meyer’s (2022) paper ‘Finding Sites in Mediterranean Survey’. Buil... more This paper engages with Nathan Meyer’s (2022) paper ‘Finding Sites in Mediterranean Survey’. Building upon longstanding critiques of Mediterranean survey practices, Meyer argues for a re-direction of survey practices. We feel that several of his core arguments reflect an unbalanced view on the role of site and off-site data in Mediterranean surveys, conflating intensive and siteless surveys. Moreover, while these critiques seem to us unnecessarily negative regarding the analytical potential of off-site data, they also reflect an overconfident attitude towards the use of site data for comparative purposes.
ABSTRACT This book is a publication of the Danish-Dutch-Ukrainian survey project carried out in 2... more ABSTRACT This book is a publication of the Danish-Dutch-Ukrainian survey project carried out in 2007 and 2008 on both sides of Lake Dzarylgac - that is, in the hinterland of the ancient Greek settlement of Panskoe I on the Tarchankut Peninsula (Northwestern Crimea). The project was the first systematic, intensive survey in the region, and its aim was to investigate the landscape from prehistory until early modern times. The publication concludes that the region was most intensively settled in the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic period. The results were spectacular: a large number of undisturbed Greek and indigenous sites were identified, which have completely changed our understanding of ancient settlement patterns in the region.
This paper contextualises the evidence for ceramic production at Satricum within regional develop... more This paper contextualises the evidence for ceramic production at Satricum within regional developments in settlement, demography and social organisation between the Archaic and mid-Republican period. It is argued that concepts from economic theory (friction of distance, agglomeration effects and transaction costs) provide a useful perspective on the economy of Archaic Latium, and that besides reciprocity and redistribution, market exchange played a considerable role in the economy. Furthermore, the regional archaeological record suggests that both economic conditions (demand/market potential) and socio-political circumstances changed over time, and that these changes had a profound impact on the scale and organisation of ceramic production.
The article discusses the Roman villas excavated at Satricum in the context of rural settlement o... more The article discusses the Roman villas excavated at Satricum in the context of rural settlement of the surrounding coastal landscape of the Pontine Region
"The article (in Dutch) describes a PhD project that builds on previous land... more "The article (in Dutch) describes a PhD project that builds on previous landscape archaeological research by GIA in the Pontine Region (Lazio, central Italy). Within the project, the settlement history of the three main landscape units of the Pontine Region (the coastal area, the mountainous inland area and the intermediate plain) are studied for the period 500-0 BC. Whereas in the coastal and mountainous area surveys had already been performed, the lower plain had not been studied in much detail. The plain is notorious for its bad drainage conditions; it is also known as the palude pontine, the Pontine marshes. It has been subject to drainage works during the reign of Mussolini in the 1930ies, but according to historical sources also in Roman times. Other indications for Roman occupation are traces of a Roman land division scheme, the Via Appia and the road stations along it as well as several small rural sites. For a selected part of the plain fieldwork has recently started; a first step was the creation of a digital elevation model of the landscape prior to drainage works in the 1930ies that resembles the ancient landscape better than the actual landscape. Next, systematic surveys were started. These surveys have so far not yielded much evidence for occupation in the plain, but they did map several previously unknown sites along the Via Appia and on the edge of the coastal terraces and the plain. Further surveys will have to prove whether these finds represent an early Roman system of settlement along the edges of an agriculturally exploited plain."
Written sources describe how under Tarquinius Superbus and after the establishment of the Republi... more Written sources describe how under Tarquinius Superbus and after the establishment of the Republic, Rome founded a series of colonies around the Pontine plain. Although these early colonies are now generally accepted as an historical reality, we know very little about them from an archaeological point of view: were they established as ‘urban’ settlements, or rather as small military strongholds? did their establishment imply the sending out of large numbers of colonists to settle rural territories? By discussing rural settlement trends around the colonies and by studying a specific case (Norba), this paper argues that landscape archaeology allows us to address such questions, and re-evaluate existing scenarios of early Roman colonization. It is suggested that the foundation of colonies served strategic needs at the regional scale (safe-guarding routes and agricultural resources), but also that colonies were founded in a specific and often highly dynamic local context.
book review (in Dutch) of C. van Tilburg, Romeins verkeer. Weggebruik en verkeersdrukte in het Ro... more book review (in Dutch) of C. van Tilburg, Romeins verkeer. Weggebruik en verkeersdrukte in het Romeinse Rijk. Salomé - Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2005.
In this chapter I argue that to assess regional variability and supra-regional trends in settleme... more In this chapter I argue that to assess regional variability and supra-regional trends in settlement and land use in light of processes of economic development and integration, we need to understand how geographic factors affected such processes: did the physical landscape determine the kinds of economic activities that developedin specific areas? How did demographic conditions affect the scale and nature of these activities? Moreover, how did infrastructural developments change the ways in which regions were settled, exploited, and integrated? By applying prhttps://brill.com/abstract/book/edcoll/9789004345027/B9789004345027_005.xmlinciples from economic geography, we can consider the links between such aspects of the ancient economy that are now often considered in isolation and/or aspatial. This allows us to broaden the discussion of the Italian economy (that now focuses mainly on Rome) and to consider the role of different parts of the peninsula as regional systems that increasingly integrated into a single economic system.
Complexity science refers to the theoretical research perspectives and the formal modelling tools... more Complexity science refers to the theoretical research perspectives and the formal modelling tools designed to study complex systems. A complex system consists of separate entities interacting following a set of (often simple) rules that collectively give rise to unexpected patterns featuring vastly different properties than the entities that produced them. In recent years a number of case studies have shown that such approaches have great potential for furthering our understanding of the past phenomena explored in Roman Studies. We argue complexity science and formal modelling have great potential for Roman Studies by offering four key advantages: (1) the ability to deal with emergent properties in complex Roman systems; (2) the means to formally specify theories about past Roman phenomena; (3) the power to test aspects of these theories as hypotheses using formal modelling approaches; and (4) the capacity to do all of this in a transparent, reproducible, and cumulative scientific framework. We present a ten-point manifesto that articulates arguments for the more common use in Roman Studies of perspectives, concepts and tools from the broader field of complexity science, which are complementary to empirical inductive approaches. There will be a need for constant constructive collaboration between Romanists with diverse fields of expertise in order to usefully embed complexity science and formal modelling in Roman Studies.
Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing... more Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
The first objective of this paper is to reconstruct the production technology of fourth–first cen... more The first objective of this paper is to reconstruct the production technology of fourth–first centuries BCE coarse ware from surveys near the ancient town of Norba in the Lepini Mountains of Southern Lazio, Italy, adopting a multi-analytical method, combining macroscopic observation with polarised light optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second objective of this study is to gain insight into Norba’s integration in broader production and distribution networks in Southern Lazio between the fourth–first centuries BCE, by comparing the results with previous data for coarse ware prevalent in the region at that time. The results indicate that the coarse ware from Norba was produced with Fe-rich, Ca-poor, and illite-muscovite clays and fired in an oxidising atmosphere between 750 and 900 °C. Differences among the coarse ware exist in the paste recipes, e.g. intentionally added temper. Most coarse ware from Norba bears compositional ...
This paper engages with Nathan Meyer’s (2022) paper ‘Finding Sites in Mediterranean Survey’. Buil... more This paper engages with Nathan Meyer’s (2022) paper ‘Finding Sites in Mediterranean Survey’. Building upon longstanding critiques of Mediterranean survey practices, Meyer argues for a re-direction of survey practices. We feel that several of his core arguments reflect an unbalanced view on the role of site and off-site data in Mediterranean surveys, conflating intensive and siteless surveys. Moreover, while these critiques seem to us unnecessarily negative regarding the analytical potential of off-site data, they also reflect an overconfident attitude towards the use of site data for comparative purposes.
ABSTRACT This book is a publication of the Danish-Dutch-Ukrainian survey project carried out in 2... more ABSTRACT This book is a publication of the Danish-Dutch-Ukrainian survey project carried out in 2007 and 2008 on both sides of Lake Dzarylgac - that is, in the hinterland of the ancient Greek settlement of Panskoe I on the Tarchankut Peninsula (Northwestern Crimea). The project was the first systematic, intensive survey in the region, and its aim was to investigate the landscape from prehistory until early modern times. The publication concludes that the region was most intensively settled in the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic period. The results were spectacular: a large number of undisturbed Greek and indigenous sites were identified, which have completely changed our understanding of ancient settlement patterns in the region.
This paper contextualises the evidence for ceramic production at Satricum within regional develop... more This paper contextualises the evidence for ceramic production at Satricum within regional developments in settlement, demography and social organisation between the Archaic and mid-Republican period. It is argued that concepts from economic theory (friction of distance, agglomeration effects and transaction costs) provide a useful perspective on the economy of Archaic Latium, and that besides reciprocity and redistribution, market exchange played a considerable role in the economy. Furthermore, the regional archaeological record suggests that both economic conditions (demand/market potential) and socio-political circumstances changed over time, and that these changes had a profound impact on the scale and organisation of ceramic production.
The article discusses the Roman villas excavated at Satricum in the context of rural settlement o... more The article discusses the Roman villas excavated at Satricum in the context of rural settlement of the surrounding coastal landscape of the Pontine Region
"The article (in Dutch) describes a PhD project that builds on previous land... more "The article (in Dutch) describes a PhD project that builds on previous landscape archaeological research by GIA in the Pontine Region (Lazio, central Italy). Within the project, the settlement history of the three main landscape units of the Pontine Region (the coastal area, the mountainous inland area and the intermediate plain) are studied for the period 500-0 BC. Whereas in the coastal and mountainous area surveys had already been performed, the lower plain had not been studied in much detail. The plain is notorious for its bad drainage conditions; it is also known as the palude pontine, the Pontine marshes. It has been subject to drainage works during the reign of Mussolini in the 1930ies, but according to historical sources also in Roman times. Other indications for Roman occupation are traces of a Roman land division scheme, the Via Appia and the road stations along it as well as several small rural sites. For a selected part of the plain fieldwork has recently started; a first step was the creation of a digital elevation model of the landscape prior to drainage works in the 1930ies that resembles the ancient landscape better than the actual landscape. Next, systematic surveys were started. These surveys have so far not yielded much evidence for occupation in the plain, but they did map several previously unknown sites along the Via Appia and on the edge of the coastal terraces and the plain. Further surveys will have to prove whether these finds represent an early Roman system of settlement along the edges of an agriculturally exploited plain."
Written sources describe how under Tarquinius Superbus and after the establishment of the Republi... more Written sources describe how under Tarquinius Superbus and after the establishment of the Republic, Rome founded a series of colonies around the Pontine plain. Although these early colonies are now generally accepted as an historical reality, we know very little about them from an archaeological point of view: were they established as ‘urban’ settlements, or rather as small military strongholds? did their establishment imply the sending out of large numbers of colonists to settle rural territories? By discussing rural settlement trends around the colonies and by studying a specific case (Norba), this paper argues that landscape archaeology allows us to address such questions, and re-evaluate existing scenarios of early Roman colonization. It is suggested that the foundation of colonies served strategic needs at the regional scale (safe-guarding routes and agricultural resources), but also that colonies were founded in a specific and often highly dynamic local context.
book review (in Dutch) of C. van Tilburg, Romeins verkeer. Weggebruik en verkeersdrukte in het Ro... more book review (in Dutch) of C. van Tilburg, Romeins verkeer. Weggebruik en verkeersdrukte in het Romeinse Rijk. Salomé - Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2005.
In this chapter I argue that to assess regional variability and supra-regional trends in settleme... more In this chapter I argue that to assess regional variability and supra-regional trends in settlement and land use in light of processes of economic development and integration, we need to understand how geographic factors affected such processes: did the physical landscape determine the kinds of economic activities that developedin specific areas? How did demographic conditions affect the scale and nature of these activities? Moreover, how did infrastructural developments change the ways in which regions were settled, exploited, and integrated? By applying prhttps://brill.com/abstract/book/edcoll/9789004345027/B9789004345027_005.xmlinciples from economic geography, we can consider the links between such aspects of the ancient economy that are now often considered in isolation and/or aspatial. This allows us to broaden the discussion of the Italian economy (that now focuses mainly on Rome) and to consider the role of different parts of the peninsula as regional systems that increasingly integrated into a single economic system.
Complexity science refers to the theoretical research perspectives and the formal modelling tools... more Complexity science refers to the theoretical research perspectives and the formal modelling tools designed to study complex systems. A complex system consists of separate entities interacting following a set of (often simple) rules that collectively give rise to unexpected patterns featuring vastly different properties than the entities that produced them. In recent years a number of case studies have shown that such approaches have great potential for furthering our understanding of the past phenomena explored in Roman Studies. We argue complexity science and formal modelling have great potential for Roman Studies by offering four key advantages: (1) the ability to deal with emergent properties in complex Roman systems; (2) the means to formally specify theories about past Roman phenomena; (3) the power to test aspects of these theories as hypotheses using formal modelling approaches; and (4) the capacity to do all of this in a transparent, reproducible, and cumulative scientific framework. We present a ten-point manifesto that articulates arguments for the more common use in Roman Studies of perspectives, concepts and tools from the broader field of complexity science, which are complementary to empirical inductive approaches. There will be a need for constant constructive collaboration between Romanists with diverse fields of expertise in order to usefully embed complexity science and formal modelling in Roman Studies.
Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing... more Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
CRMsurv is an unofficial but formal extension of CIDOC_CRM, co-developed in the Semafora project.... more CRMsurv is an unofficial but formal extension of CIDOC_CRM, co-developed in the Semafora project. It models and represents essential data points for integrating archaeological survey data. It is curated using OntoME, a tool for community based FAIR formal ontology data management. This ontology extends the CIDOC CRM 6.2 ontology data standard for cultural heritage data in order to provide classes and properties necessary to describe unique aspects of the archaeological survey process. It also makes use of classes and properties of the CIDOC CRM extensions CRMArchaeo 1.4.1 and CRMsci 1.2.3. The ontology is intended to support researchers interested in integrating archaeology survey data using the CIDOC CRM.
The Pontine region is situated c. 60 km south of Rome. It consists of a large coastal plain, whic... more The Pontine region is situated c. 60 km south of Rome. It consists of a large coastal plain, which is bounded by the Alban Hills and the Lepini and Ausoni Mountains to the north and east, and by the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The inner most part of this plain is formed by an infamous wetland, known as the Pontine marshes, which was reclaimed and opened with the construction of the Via Appia in the late 4 th c. BC (Fig. 1). Preliminary research conducted as part of the Pontine Region Project has indicated that 4 th-1 st centuries BC cooking ware from the central plain was obtained through local and supraregional trade networks (Borgers et al. 2017). Building upon this, two projects, which are carried out at the Universities of Uppsala and Vienna, examine cooking ware from surveys in three different micro-regions of the Pontine region, i.e., the coastal area, the central plain and Norba, situated in the foothills of the Lepini Mountains, respectively, with the aim to gain insight in the connectivity and intra-regional networks. Due to their abundance and homogeneous appearance, cooking ware holds important potential for studying production technology and origin, and for inferring trade between the communities that produced and used them. This study focuses on cooking jar (ollae), which occur on a wide range of 4 th-1 st c. BC sites. More specifically, two types have been selected for analysis: (1) olla type 2 with high collared rim, which is a predecessor of (2) Olla type 3a with almond-shaped rim (Olcese 2003; Fig. 2).
The first objective of this paper is to reconstruct the production technology of fourth–first cen... more The first objective of this paper is to reconstruct the production technology of fourth–first centuries BCE coarse ware from surveys near the ancient town of Norba in the Lepini Mountains of Southern Lazio, Italy, adopting a multi-analytical method, combining macroscopic observation with polarised light optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second objective of this study is to gain insight into Norba’s integration in broader pro- duction and distribution networks in Southern Lazio between the fourth–first centuries BCE, by comparing the results with previous data for coarse ware prevalent in the region at that time. The results indicate that the coarse ware from Norba was produced with Fe-rich, Ca-poor, and illite-muscovite clays and fired in an oxidising atmosphere between 750 and 900 °C. Differences among the coarse ware exist in the paste recipes, e.g. intentionally added temper. Most coarse ware from Norba bears compositional similarities to that from the Alban Hills and the Tiber Valley, north of Rome, suggesting that Norba was integrated into the marketing of pottery that was common in Southern Lazio during the fourth–first centuries BCE. In comparison, only a few coarse wares seem to have been produced in the surrounding area (e.g. Satricum and Forum Appii), or even locally in Norba. The results further indicate changes in these regional/local distribution networks; some coarse ware seems to have been imported from Satricum, where a workshop was active during the fourth century BCE. When ceramic production at Satricum ceased, potters settled in the towns of Forum Appii and Norba, where they produced ceramic build- ing material and fine ware in the second–first centuries BCE, respectively. The results of this study tentatively suggest that potters in these locations may have also manufactured coarse ware during this period.
These are draft guidelines for the documentation of systematic archaeological fieldwalking survey... more These are draft guidelines for the documentation of systematic archaeological fieldwalking surveys, compiled by a working party on behalf of the FIDO community of EAA (European Association of Archaeologists) members. They are intended to improve the design of documentation protocols for future surveys, and thus facilitate the exchange and re-use of survey datasets.
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This ontology extends the CIDOC CRM 6.2 ontology data standard for cultural heritage data in order to provide classes and properties necessary to describe unique aspects of the archaeological survey process. It also makes use of classes and properties of the CIDOC CRM extensions CRMArchaeo 1.4.1 and CRMsci 1.2.3. The ontology is intended to support researchers interested in integrating archaeology survey data using the CIDOC CRM.