Institutions—the taken-for-granted structures, practices, and meanings that define what people an... more Institutions—the taken-for-granted structures, practices, and meanings that define what people and organizations within their jurisdiction think, do, and aspire to—are all about process, even though this may not always have been evident in some of the institutional theory literature. In this introduction, the editors call for a strong process approach to institutional dynamics, one that highlights institutions as emergent, generative, political, and social. They first relate “weak” and “strong” process views with the two metaphors commonly used to explain institutionalization—diffusion and translation. After reviewing some of the recent developments within institutional theory that set the ground for a strong process view, they move to exemplify the potential of a strong process view for institutional theory. They then end the introduction with some suggestions that will contribute positively to the ongoing development of institutional theory through a strong process view.
This chapter introduces the research field of management ideas by identifying different approache... more This chapter introduces the research field of management ideas by identifying different approaches and literatures and discussing some of the reasons why it has expanded in recent years. The fragmentation of the field is outlined and linked to a diversity in terminology, theoretical perspectives and empirical objects. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the structure of the handbook and summaries of each of the individual contributions.
How can management research and teaching influence management practice? This has been the concern... more How can management research and teaching influence management practice? This has been the concern of the management scholarly community since the beginnings of the Academy of Management in 1958 until now. As Donald Hambrick in his 1993 presidential address to the Academy of Management emphasized, we are responsible for the ""thoughtful preparation and guidance of practitioner professionals"" and therefore we ""must strive for influence and impact"". ""We should matter. We must matter."" But do we? Are the fruits of our research useful to managers? Is what we teach in our classrooms worthwhile to those who seek to be better decision makers? Presidents of the Academy of Management have repeatedly been highlighting the importance of asking these questions and yet the answers so far have not been satisfactory. This symposium attempts to answer these questions, one more time! What is new in the proposed symposium is that it expl...
Abstract We investigated how an institutional settlement concerning Native Indian gaming (the ope... more Abstract We investigated how an institutional settlement concerning Native Indian gaming (the operation of gambling establishments such as casinos or bingo halls by Native Indian tribes) was preserved over time in spite of three significant challenges. Building on previous literature on settlements and institutional logics, we see settlements as institutional arrangements that manage power dynamics and competing institutional logics. Based on our analyses of the settlement and three challenges in the Native gaming field, we suggest that even seemingly volatile institutional settlements can be maintained when powerful actors balance each other’s ability to modify the settlement and different actors invoke alternative institutional logic(s). We also find that these processes can be facilitated by the embeddedness and formality of the settlement. We contribute to the settlement literature by showing how settlements can be maintained when actors draw on equally strong sources of power and different logics to counter the actions of other actors. Furthermore, we shed light on “how institutions matter” by demonstrating how institutional settlements can facilitate field stability.
Background: Early retirement (before age 65) is the norm among registered nurses (RNs) and allied... more Background: Early retirement (before age 65) is the norm among registered nurses (RNs) and allied health professionals (AHPs) employed in Canada's public system. As a country whose population is rapidly aging, it is in Canada's best interest to try and extend the work lives of RNs and AHPs. Objectives: (1) To test the predictive validity of our conceptual model of early retirement among publicly employed, Canadian RNs and AHPs and (2) to compare, across professions, model fit and factor significance Methods: We conducted multivariable logistic regression in two data sets, one consisting of 483 retired RNs and the other of 177 retired AHPs. The number of AHP respondents limited our ability to comprehensively test the model. Results: Eighty-five percent of RNs and 77% of AHPs had retired early. (1) Results indicate that 25% of variance in RN early retirement and 19% of variance in AHP early retirement was explained by included variables. (2) Organizational restructuring increased odds of early retirement by more than 100% among RNs and AHPs. Among RNs (but not AHPs), both financial possibility and caregiving responsibilities predicted early retirement at statistically significant levels, while a "desire to stop working" predicted retirement at or after 65 years of age. Conclusions: Clearly, there is much more to learn about RN and AHP pathways to early retirement. Further research, ideally research exploring the role of workplace characteristics, attitudes, and beliefs towards retirement and workrelated factors, could deepen our understanding of the phenomenon of RN/AHP early retirement.
In this chapter, the authors consider the relationships between institutional settlements at the ... more In this chapter, the authors consider the relationships between institutional settlements at the field level and the instantiation of logics at the organizational level. The authors present the case of Supervised Consumption Sites (also known as Safe Injection Sites) in Alberta, Canada where a settlement of logics supported by one government was disrupted with the election of a new provincial government in 2015, and then disrupted again after the election of yet another government four years later. The authors use this case to show how different institutional settlements can support or threaten particular types of organizations, and they also show how the instantiation of different settlements in organizations (organizational hybridity) can impact the ways in which organizations present themselves. By analyzing the public justifications provided by key members of Supervised Consumption Sites, they draw attention to connections between institutional settlements at the field level and...
Family capital can provide positive resources for entrepreneurship; however, it can also bring ne... more Family capital can provide positive resources for entrepreneurship; however, it can also bring negative consequences that hinder the growth of a new venture. We investigated how entrepreneurs experienced and managed the positives and negatives of family capital through in-depth semi-structured interviews with Chinese immigrants who landed in Canada between 2000 and 2014. We contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by highlighting the paradoxical nature of family capital, and by identifying five strategies that entrepreneurs employed to manage the paradox.
Health care systems are both highly institutionalized and highly professionalized. We suggest tha... more Health care systems are both highly institutionalized and highly professionalized. We suggest that both characteristics should be considered to understand the underlying power dynamics and how organizational change can occur. Although these characteristics have mostly been considered separately, we identify three ways they are being brought together and show how each reveals different underlying power dynamics that in turn suggest different explanations of organizational change. To conclude, we set out three avenues for future research that will continue to advance our knowledge of change in health care.
In this Element, we examine how organizational researchers have published articles contributing t... more In this Element, we examine how organizational researchers have published articles contributing to organization theory in highquality organizational journals, and we examine how healthcare researchers have drawn on organization theory in healthcare management journals. We have two main aims in writing this Element. The first is to motivate scholars working in the field of general organizational and management studies to increasingly use healthcare settings as an empirical context for their work in theory development. Our second aim is to encourage healthcare researchers to increase their use of organizational theory to advance knowledge about the provision of healthcare services. Our investigations revealed a growing number of organizational studies situated in healthcare. We also found a disappointing level of connection between research published in organization journals and research published in healthcare journals. We provide explanations for this division, and encourage more crossdisciplinary work in the future.
There is an ever-increasing volume of studies investigating institutional logics, and yet qualita... more There is an ever-increasing volume of studies investigating institutional logics, and yet qualitative methods for studying this phenomenon are not clear. In this essay, we examine how qualitative scholars convince their readers that they are actually studying institutional logics. We identify three different, but non-exclusive techniques that have been employed: pattern deducing, pattern matching, and pattern inducing. For each of these approaches, we explain the ontological assumptions, methodological techniques, challenges, and benefits. In addition, we provide examples of how specific studies have analyzed and presented qualitative data to improve theory about institutional logics.
The Production of Managerial Knowledge and Organizational Theory: New Approaches to Writing, Producing and Consuming Theory, 2019
In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitati... more In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitative findings. The authors analyze all articles based on qualitative research methods published in the Academy of Management Journal from 2010 to 2017 and supplement this by informally surveying colleagues about their “favorite” qualitative authors. As a result, the authors identify five ways of presenting qualitative findings in research articles. The authors suggest that each approach has advantages as well as limitations, and that the type of data and theorizing is an important consideration in determining the most appropriate approach for the presentation of findings. The authors hope that by identifying these approaches, they enrich the way authors, reviewers, and editors approach the presentation of qualitative findings.
We develop a typology of interstitial spaces showing that these arise at different points of betw... more We develop a typology of interstitial spaces showing that these arise at different points of between-ness, and that in different interstitial spaces new practices are generated from between differe...
This paper argues that although physicians’ established ways of working make them excellent clini... more This paper argues that although physicians’ established ways of working make them excellent clinicians, their education and experience make it difficult for them to address wicked problems. After defining wicked problems and illustrating them within healthcare contexts, we explain why physicians’ institutionalised and professionalised ways of working leave them underprepared to address wicked problems. We then describe the emerging concept and frameworks of medical leadership (ML) and show how ML training could provide physicians with the skills and abilities they need to enact leadership in collaborative environments. We also explain how ML could help physicians become more comfortable in ‘grey-zone decision-making’ that is needed to address current challenging problems. Finally, we draw attention to changes that are warranted outside of ML training to bolster its potential: incentivise training and reregulate top–down, empower the professional pipeline and create bottom–up opportunities. ### Physicians and leadership Physicians face many challenges as part of their day-to-day professional work. Their clinical skills serve them well in many ways. But when faced with wicked problems they are generally ill-prepared. Moreover, physicians’ training and established ways of working can result in physicians unwittingly becoming part of the problem when addressing wicked problems. Wicked problems are those fundamental, challenging problems that exist within and between social sectors, are not solvable through linear planning or the application of causal models and tools, have no definitive problem formulations or solutions, and are impacted and changed when their intended solutions are implemented.1–3 Wicked problems are ‘complex, intractable, open-ended and unpredictable’ such as ‘global warming, drug abuse, child protection or natural disasters, … (the) safety of nanotechnology or growing numbers of refugees’ (see Head and Alford, p397).3 In healthcare, problems related to mental illness, palliative care, healthy ageing, sexual health and cancer care have all been classified as wicked.4–7 Because of their nature, …
Institutions—the taken-for-granted structures, practices, and meanings that define what people an... more Institutions—the taken-for-granted structures, practices, and meanings that define what people and organizations within their jurisdiction think, do, and aspire to—are all about process, even though this may not always have been evident in some of the institutional theory literature. In this introduction, the editors call for a strong process approach to institutional dynamics, one that highlights institutions as emergent, generative, political, and social. They first relate “weak” and “strong” process views with the two metaphors commonly used to explain institutionalization—diffusion and translation. After reviewing some of the recent developments within institutional theory that set the ground for a strong process view, they move to exemplify the potential of a strong process view for institutional theory. They then end the introduction with some suggestions that will contribute positively to the ongoing development of institutional theory through a strong process view.
This chapter introduces the research field of management ideas by identifying different approache... more This chapter introduces the research field of management ideas by identifying different approaches and literatures and discussing some of the reasons why it has expanded in recent years. The fragmentation of the field is outlined and linked to a diversity in terminology, theoretical perspectives and empirical objects. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the structure of the handbook and summaries of each of the individual contributions.
How can management research and teaching influence management practice? This has been the concern... more How can management research and teaching influence management practice? This has been the concern of the management scholarly community since the beginnings of the Academy of Management in 1958 until now. As Donald Hambrick in his 1993 presidential address to the Academy of Management emphasized, we are responsible for the ""thoughtful preparation and guidance of practitioner professionals"" and therefore we ""must strive for influence and impact"". ""We should matter. We must matter."" But do we? Are the fruits of our research useful to managers? Is what we teach in our classrooms worthwhile to those who seek to be better decision makers? Presidents of the Academy of Management have repeatedly been highlighting the importance of asking these questions and yet the answers so far have not been satisfactory. This symposium attempts to answer these questions, one more time! What is new in the proposed symposium is that it expl...
Abstract We investigated how an institutional settlement concerning Native Indian gaming (the ope... more Abstract We investigated how an institutional settlement concerning Native Indian gaming (the operation of gambling establishments such as casinos or bingo halls by Native Indian tribes) was preserved over time in spite of three significant challenges. Building on previous literature on settlements and institutional logics, we see settlements as institutional arrangements that manage power dynamics and competing institutional logics. Based on our analyses of the settlement and three challenges in the Native gaming field, we suggest that even seemingly volatile institutional settlements can be maintained when powerful actors balance each other’s ability to modify the settlement and different actors invoke alternative institutional logic(s). We also find that these processes can be facilitated by the embeddedness and formality of the settlement. We contribute to the settlement literature by showing how settlements can be maintained when actors draw on equally strong sources of power and different logics to counter the actions of other actors. Furthermore, we shed light on “how institutions matter” by demonstrating how institutional settlements can facilitate field stability.
Background: Early retirement (before age 65) is the norm among registered nurses (RNs) and allied... more Background: Early retirement (before age 65) is the norm among registered nurses (RNs) and allied health professionals (AHPs) employed in Canada's public system. As a country whose population is rapidly aging, it is in Canada's best interest to try and extend the work lives of RNs and AHPs. Objectives: (1) To test the predictive validity of our conceptual model of early retirement among publicly employed, Canadian RNs and AHPs and (2) to compare, across professions, model fit and factor significance Methods: We conducted multivariable logistic regression in two data sets, one consisting of 483 retired RNs and the other of 177 retired AHPs. The number of AHP respondents limited our ability to comprehensively test the model. Results: Eighty-five percent of RNs and 77% of AHPs had retired early. (1) Results indicate that 25% of variance in RN early retirement and 19% of variance in AHP early retirement was explained by included variables. (2) Organizational restructuring increased odds of early retirement by more than 100% among RNs and AHPs. Among RNs (but not AHPs), both financial possibility and caregiving responsibilities predicted early retirement at statistically significant levels, while a "desire to stop working" predicted retirement at or after 65 years of age. Conclusions: Clearly, there is much more to learn about RN and AHP pathways to early retirement. Further research, ideally research exploring the role of workplace characteristics, attitudes, and beliefs towards retirement and workrelated factors, could deepen our understanding of the phenomenon of RN/AHP early retirement.
In this chapter, the authors consider the relationships between institutional settlements at the ... more In this chapter, the authors consider the relationships between institutional settlements at the field level and the instantiation of logics at the organizational level. The authors present the case of Supervised Consumption Sites (also known as Safe Injection Sites) in Alberta, Canada where a settlement of logics supported by one government was disrupted with the election of a new provincial government in 2015, and then disrupted again after the election of yet another government four years later. The authors use this case to show how different institutional settlements can support or threaten particular types of organizations, and they also show how the instantiation of different settlements in organizations (organizational hybridity) can impact the ways in which organizations present themselves. By analyzing the public justifications provided by key members of Supervised Consumption Sites, they draw attention to connections between institutional settlements at the field level and...
Family capital can provide positive resources for entrepreneurship; however, it can also bring ne... more Family capital can provide positive resources for entrepreneurship; however, it can also bring negative consequences that hinder the growth of a new venture. We investigated how entrepreneurs experienced and managed the positives and negatives of family capital through in-depth semi-structured interviews with Chinese immigrants who landed in Canada between 2000 and 2014. We contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by highlighting the paradoxical nature of family capital, and by identifying five strategies that entrepreneurs employed to manage the paradox.
Health care systems are both highly institutionalized and highly professionalized. We suggest tha... more Health care systems are both highly institutionalized and highly professionalized. We suggest that both characteristics should be considered to understand the underlying power dynamics and how organizational change can occur. Although these characteristics have mostly been considered separately, we identify three ways they are being brought together and show how each reveals different underlying power dynamics that in turn suggest different explanations of organizational change. To conclude, we set out three avenues for future research that will continue to advance our knowledge of change in health care.
In this Element, we examine how organizational researchers have published articles contributing t... more In this Element, we examine how organizational researchers have published articles contributing to organization theory in highquality organizational journals, and we examine how healthcare researchers have drawn on organization theory in healthcare management journals. We have two main aims in writing this Element. The first is to motivate scholars working in the field of general organizational and management studies to increasingly use healthcare settings as an empirical context for their work in theory development. Our second aim is to encourage healthcare researchers to increase their use of organizational theory to advance knowledge about the provision of healthcare services. Our investigations revealed a growing number of organizational studies situated in healthcare. We also found a disappointing level of connection between research published in organization journals and research published in healthcare journals. We provide explanations for this division, and encourage more crossdisciplinary work in the future.
There is an ever-increasing volume of studies investigating institutional logics, and yet qualita... more There is an ever-increasing volume of studies investigating institutional logics, and yet qualitative methods for studying this phenomenon are not clear. In this essay, we examine how qualitative scholars convince their readers that they are actually studying institutional logics. We identify three different, but non-exclusive techniques that have been employed: pattern deducing, pattern matching, and pattern inducing. For each of these approaches, we explain the ontological assumptions, methodological techniques, challenges, and benefits. In addition, we provide examples of how specific studies have analyzed and presented qualitative data to improve theory about institutional logics.
The Production of Managerial Knowledge and Organizational Theory: New Approaches to Writing, Producing and Consuming Theory, 2019
In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitati... more In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitative findings. The authors analyze all articles based on qualitative research methods published in the Academy of Management Journal from 2010 to 2017 and supplement this by informally surveying colleagues about their “favorite” qualitative authors. As a result, the authors identify five ways of presenting qualitative findings in research articles. The authors suggest that each approach has advantages as well as limitations, and that the type of data and theorizing is an important consideration in determining the most appropriate approach for the presentation of findings. The authors hope that by identifying these approaches, they enrich the way authors, reviewers, and editors approach the presentation of qualitative findings.
We develop a typology of interstitial spaces showing that these arise at different points of betw... more We develop a typology of interstitial spaces showing that these arise at different points of between-ness, and that in different interstitial spaces new practices are generated from between differe...
This paper argues that although physicians’ established ways of working make them excellent clini... more This paper argues that although physicians’ established ways of working make them excellent clinicians, their education and experience make it difficult for them to address wicked problems. After defining wicked problems and illustrating them within healthcare contexts, we explain why physicians’ institutionalised and professionalised ways of working leave them underprepared to address wicked problems. We then describe the emerging concept and frameworks of medical leadership (ML) and show how ML training could provide physicians with the skills and abilities they need to enact leadership in collaborative environments. We also explain how ML could help physicians become more comfortable in ‘grey-zone decision-making’ that is needed to address current challenging problems. Finally, we draw attention to changes that are warranted outside of ML training to bolster its potential: incentivise training and reregulate top–down, empower the professional pipeline and create bottom–up opportunities. ### Physicians and leadership Physicians face many challenges as part of their day-to-day professional work. Their clinical skills serve them well in many ways. But when faced with wicked problems they are generally ill-prepared. Moreover, physicians’ training and established ways of working can result in physicians unwittingly becoming part of the problem when addressing wicked problems. Wicked problems are those fundamental, challenging problems that exist within and between social sectors, are not solvable through linear planning or the application of causal models and tools, have no definitive problem formulations or solutions, and are impacted and changed when their intended solutions are implemented.1–3 Wicked problems are ‘complex, intractable, open-ended and unpredictable’ such as ‘global warming, drug abuse, child protection or natural disasters, … (the) safety of nanotechnology or growing numbers of refugees’ (see Head and Alford, p397).3 In healthcare, problems related to mental illness, palliative care, healthy ageing, sexual health and cancer care have all been classified as wicked.4–7 Because of their nature, …
In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitati... more In this chapter, the authors explore the state of our field in terms of ways to present qualitative findings. The authors analyze all articles based on qualitative research methods published in the Academy of Management Journal from 2010 to 2017 and supplement this by informally surveying colleagues about their "favorite" qualitative authors. As a result, the authors identify five ways of presenting qualitative findings in research articles. The authors suggest that each approach has advantages as well as limitations, and that the type of data and theorizing is an important consideration in determining the most appropriate approach for the presentation of findings. The authors hope that by identifying these approaches, they enrich the way authors, reviewers, and editors approach the presentation of qualitative findings.
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Papers by Trish Reay