Sustainability in (Inter)Action provides a forum for innovative thought, design, and research in ... more Sustainability in (Inter)Action provides a forum for innovative thought, design, and research in the area of interaction design and environmental sustainability. The column explores how HCI can contribute to the complex and interdisciplinary efforts to address sustainability challenges. Elaine M. Huang, Editor
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006
Environmental change plays a large role in the emergence of infectious disease. The construction ... more Environmental change plays a large role in the emergence of infectious disease. The construction of a new road in a previously roadless area of northern coastal Ecuador provides a valuable natural experiment to examine how changes in the social and natural environment, mediated by road construction, affect the epidemiology of diarrheal diseases. Twenty-one villages were randomly selected to capture the full distribution of village population size and distance from a main road (remoteness), and these were compared with the major population center of the region, Borbón, that lies on the road. Estimates of enteric pathogen infection rates were obtained from case-control studies at the village level. Higher rates of infection were found in nonremote vs. remote villages [pathogenic Escherichia coli : odds ratio (OR) = 8.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.6, 43.5; rotavirus: OR = 4.0, CI 1.3, 12.1; and Giardia : OR = 1.9, CI 1.3, 2.7]. Higher rates of all-cause diarrhea were found in Borbón co...
This paper discusses the construction and analysis of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). I... more This paper discusses the construction and analysis of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). It explains how the international MPI, which compares the situation of countries with respect to acute poverty, is calculated using globally comparable data. And it also explains how the MPI can be adapted to better suit national needs and realities.
In Chapter 1, I affirmed a conception of organization as a process of material embodiment, drawin... more In Chapter 1, I affirmed a conception of organization as a process of material embodiment, drawing on Hobbes’s conception of the state, Gehlen’s anthropology and Turner’s sociology. All three employ an analysis of Man’s need to construct culture to approach the problem of corporeal and corporate organization. The present chapter develops the argument by addressing two specific and related accounts of this process in the field of medicine.
The title page of Hobbes’s Leviathan (1651) is engraved with an image of the sovereign state as a... more The title page of Hobbes’s Leviathan (1651) is engraved with an image of the sovereign state as a body composed of a multiplicity of smaller human figures. The significance of this image for me here is that Leviathan is a pragmatic constitution of and for the material bodies of the people.1 Leviathan is an assemblage of corporeal parts brought under a unified relation to constitute a greater, more powerful, corporate body. Its power is symbolized by its massive sword and crook, secular and sacred authority invested in one entity. The constitution of individuals into a greater force is affirmed by the detail of Leviathan’s head, presented as a single great ‘organ’. If Leviathan’s active power is constituted by the power of its elemental bodies, the intellect needed to guide that power is a multiplicity of embodied minds unified into one great mind. This thesis examines the two complementary movements involved in this constitutional process: how multiple bodies are organized into larger, more powerful ones, and how sensations impinging on those bodies become thought. This double movement I invoke by the term organization.
Nietzsche and Philosophy carries Deleuze’s positive ontology into political territory. His analys... more Nietzsche and Philosophy carries Deleuze’s positive ontology into political territory. His analysis of Nietzsche’s will to power and the eternal return provides a development of an ontology of difference to an ethical affirmation of being: Nietzschean organization is comprised of these two movements.
The previous chapter postulated organization as a process by which the given is articulated into ... more The previous chapter postulated organization as a process by which the given is articulated into a nature, an assemblage into an organization. It was argued that the given (ideas, bodies) is different, a pure multiplicity. But where does the given come from and how is it generated? What is difference and how are things different? We need to address these fundamental questions as part of a materialist approach to organization in order to ground it in a materialist ontology. To understand Bergson’s ontology of difference, we first need to understand something about the position Bergson writes against, which is Hegel’s legacy of the negative dialectic.
This is the hardest pitch. The reader should be prepared for a steep ascent into Spinoza’s philos... more This is the hardest pitch. The reader should be prepared for a steep ascent into Spinoza’s philosophy. The terminology is Scholastic and may be unfamiliar. The climb will, however, be rewarding as the view from Spinoza’s plateaus are unlike any others, so I encourage the reader to persevere, and not to give up.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to crimina... more Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
Business School. He sits on the board of the International Research Society for Public Management... more Business School. He sits on the board of the International Research Society for Public Management and is currently researching philanthropy and institutional giving structures in the United Kingdom. His other research interests include evidence-based policy and practice, and public services management and reform.
Objective. To review the quantitative instruments available to health service researchers who wan... more Objective. To review the quantitative instruments available to health service researchers who want to measure culture and cultural change. Data Sources. A literature search was conducted using Medline, Cinahl, Helmis, Psychlit, Dhdata, and the database of the King's Fund in London for articles published up to June 2001, using the phrase ''organizational culture.'' In addition, all citations and the gray literature were reviewed and advice was sought from experts in the field to identify instruments not found on the electronic databases. The search focused on instruments used to quantify culture with a track record, or potential for use, in health care settings. Data Extraction. For each instrument we examined the cultural dimensions addressed, the number of items for each questionnaire, the measurement scale adopted, examples of studies that had used the tool, the scientific properties of the instrument, and its strengths and limitations. Principal Findings. Thirteen instruments were found that satisfied our inclusion criteria, of which nine have a track record in studies involving health care organizations. The instruments varied considerably in terms of their grounding in theory, format, length, scope, and scientific properties. Conclusions. A range of instruments with differing characteristics are available to researchers interested in organizational culture, all of which have limitations in terms of their scope, ease of use, or scientific properties. The choice of instrument should be determined by how organizational culture is conceptualized by the research team, the purpose of the investigation, intended use of the results, and availability of resources.
Sustainability in (Inter)Action provides a forum for innovative thought, design, and research in ... more Sustainability in (Inter)Action provides a forum for innovative thought, design, and research in the area of interaction design and environmental sustainability. The column explores how HCI can contribute to the complex and interdisciplinary efforts to address sustainability challenges. Elaine M. Huang, Editor
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006
Environmental change plays a large role in the emergence of infectious disease. The construction ... more Environmental change plays a large role in the emergence of infectious disease. The construction of a new road in a previously roadless area of northern coastal Ecuador provides a valuable natural experiment to examine how changes in the social and natural environment, mediated by road construction, affect the epidemiology of diarrheal diseases. Twenty-one villages were randomly selected to capture the full distribution of village population size and distance from a main road (remoteness), and these were compared with the major population center of the region, Borbón, that lies on the road. Estimates of enteric pathogen infection rates were obtained from case-control studies at the village level. Higher rates of infection were found in nonremote vs. remote villages [pathogenic Escherichia coli : odds ratio (OR) = 8.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.6, 43.5; rotavirus: OR = 4.0, CI 1.3, 12.1; and Giardia : OR = 1.9, CI 1.3, 2.7]. Higher rates of all-cause diarrhea were found in Borbón co...
This paper discusses the construction and analysis of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). I... more This paper discusses the construction and analysis of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). It explains how the international MPI, which compares the situation of countries with respect to acute poverty, is calculated using globally comparable data. And it also explains how the MPI can be adapted to better suit national needs and realities.
In Chapter 1, I affirmed a conception of organization as a process of material embodiment, drawin... more In Chapter 1, I affirmed a conception of organization as a process of material embodiment, drawing on Hobbes’s conception of the state, Gehlen’s anthropology and Turner’s sociology. All three employ an analysis of Man’s need to construct culture to approach the problem of corporeal and corporate organization. The present chapter develops the argument by addressing two specific and related accounts of this process in the field of medicine.
The title page of Hobbes’s Leviathan (1651) is engraved with an image of the sovereign state as a... more The title page of Hobbes’s Leviathan (1651) is engraved with an image of the sovereign state as a body composed of a multiplicity of smaller human figures. The significance of this image for me here is that Leviathan is a pragmatic constitution of and for the material bodies of the people.1 Leviathan is an assemblage of corporeal parts brought under a unified relation to constitute a greater, more powerful, corporate body. Its power is symbolized by its massive sword and crook, secular and sacred authority invested in one entity. The constitution of individuals into a greater force is affirmed by the detail of Leviathan’s head, presented as a single great ‘organ’. If Leviathan’s active power is constituted by the power of its elemental bodies, the intellect needed to guide that power is a multiplicity of embodied minds unified into one great mind. This thesis examines the two complementary movements involved in this constitutional process: how multiple bodies are organized into larger, more powerful ones, and how sensations impinging on those bodies become thought. This double movement I invoke by the term organization.
Nietzsche and Philosophy carries Deleuze’s positive ontology into political territory. His analys... more Nietzsche and Philosophy carries Deleuze’s positive ontology into political territory. His analysis of Nietzsche’s will to power and the eternal return provides a development of an ontology of difference to an ethical affirmation of being: Nietzschean organization is comprised of these two movements.
The previous chapter postulated organization as a process by which the given is articulated into ... more The previous chapter postulated organization as a process by which the given is articulated into a nature, an assemblage into an organization. It was argued that the given (ideas, bodies) is different, a pure multiplicity. But where does the given come from and how is it generated? What is difference and how are things different? We need to address these fundamental questions as part of a materialist approach to organization in order to ground it in a materialist ontology. To understand Bergson’s ontology of difference, we first need to understand something about the position Bergson writes against, which is Hegel’s legacy of the negative dialectic.
This is the hardest pitch. The reader should be prepared for a steep ascent into Spinoza’s philos... more This is the hardest pitch. The reader should be prepared for a steep ascent into Spinoza’s philosophy. The terminology is Scholastic and may be unfamiliar. The climb will, however, be rewarding as the view from Spinoza’s plateaus are unlike any others, so I encourage the reader to persevere, and not to give up.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to crimina... more Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
Business School. He sits on the board of the International Research Society for Public Management... more Business School. He sits on the board of the International Research Society for Public Management and is currently researching philanthropy and institutional giving structures in the United Kingdom. His other research interests include evidence-based policy and practice, and public services management and reform.
Objective. To review the quantitative instruments available to health service researchers who wan... more Objective. To review the quantitative instruments available to health service researchers who want to measure culture and cultural change. Data Sources. A literature search was conducted using Medline, Cinahl, Helmis, Psychlit, Dhdata, and the database of the King's Fund in London for articles published up to June 2001, using the phrase ''organizational culture.'' In addition, all citations and the gray literature were reviewed and advice was sought from experts in the field to identify instruments not found on the electronic databases. The search focused on instruments used to quantify culture with a track record, or potential for use, in health care settings. Data Extraction. For each instrument we examined the cultural dimensions addressed, the number of items for each questionnaire, the measurement scale adopted, examples of studies that had used the tool, the scientific properties of the instrument, and its strengths and limitations. Principal Findings. Thirteen instruments were found that satisfied our inclusion criteria, of which nine have a track record in studies involving health care organizations. The instruments varied considerably in terms of their grounding in theory, format, length, scope, and scientific properties. Conclusions. A range of instruments with differing characteristics are available to researchers interested in organizational culture, all of which have limitations in terms of their scope, ease of use, or scientific properties. The choice of instrument should be determined by how organizational culture is conceptualized by the research team, the purpose of the investigation, intended use of the results, and availability of resources.
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