Abstract Decarbonization of metal production is currently a unique challenge for the industry. To... more Abstract Decarbonization of metal production is currently a unique challenge for the industry. To gain insights, environmental impacts of ferrochrome smelting technologies were estimated using simulation-based life cycle assessment. Two leading technologies: (1) Steel Belt Sintering-Submerged Electric Arc Furnace (SBS-SAF), and (2) Rotary Kiln-Submerged Electric Arc Furnace (RK-SAF) were investigated. Four environmental impact categories: climate change, acidification, particulate matter, and resource use (minerals and metals), were considered. Results showed that GHG emissions for producing high carbon ferrochrome vary to a greater extent depending on location of processing plant because of differences in electricity emission factors. For example, South African energy grid generates more GHG emission than Finnish energy grid. Furthermore, though prereduction reduced SAF energy consumption, it did not necessarily result in reduced net GHG emissions due to high coal consumption of RK. Acidification and particulate matter were higher when using RK-SAF technology. Ferrochrome production generally had low impact on resource use.
Compendia discusion sobre softwares y bases de datos aplicados al campo de la Evaluacion del Cicl... more Compendia discusion sobre softwares y bases de datos aplicados al campo de la Evaluacion del Ciclo de Vida (LCA). Analiza temas tales como: barreras que limitan el intercambio de informacion, generacion de base de datos, importancia de datos, la integracion de procesos y sistemas de modelaje en los softwares de LCA. Describe el estado del arte para cada tema e identifica las necesidades de investigacion y los beneficios esperados
Value will be created in the circular economy by new, attractive service solutions making everyda... more Value will be created in the circular economy by new, attractive service solutions making everyday life easier and transforming business activities. Low emission production will be enabled by smart energy solutions and advanced processes and methods. Waste and industrial side streams will become a material resource. Combined with new thinking and operating models and networked business models, technology has enabled a huge step to be taken towards the circular economy, benefiting companies, consumers, society and the environment.
NanoSelect project deals with the development of fully biobased membranes and adsorbants containi... more NanoSelect project deals with the development of fully biobased membranes and adsorbants containing nanocellulose and nanochtin as functional entities to selectively adsorb and remove contaminants ...
The plant-wide control of large processes can be difficult. Process control decisions at geograph... more The plant-wide control of large processes can be difficult. Process control decisions at geographically distributed subunits and plants may contradict with the global optimum if the necessary information is not available. Furthermore, the impact of local decisions to the overall process is not always clear. This calls for plant-wide control strategies on the coordinating supervisory level. In order to improve such monitoring and control methods, new information exchange practices and integration architectures are required. Integration of information and control systems in production is challenging both from a scalability and interoperability point of view. Most integrations still rely on point-to-point connections, i.e., systems directly requesting information and services or setting new operating set points. Although the production systems are rather stable, the development of new control procedures is laborious due to the number of necessary integrations for accessing the distribu...
Driven by public awareness and international regulations and standards, sustainability and enviro... more Driven by public awareness and international regulations and standards, sustainability and environmental impacts have become increasingly important distinguishing factors between competing products and services. Circular economy aims to increase economic growth by using natural resources and ecosystems in a more effective way with the aim of maintaining products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times. More effective use of materials enables the creation of more value both by cost savings and by developing new markets or by developing existing ones. Reduced acquisition of resources is a driver for innovation for sustainable use of materials, components and products as well as new business models. This chapter introduces methods and tools to assess and reduce environmental impacts, and improve resource efficiency and sustainability management. Life cycle thinking forms one of the basic principles of sustainable development, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the leading method for assessing the potential environmental impacts of a product, process or service throughout its life cycle (ISO 14040-44). Other methods based on life cycle thinking are also introduced. LCA focusing on the contribution of a product or service to global warming uses methods for Carbon Footprint measurement and facilitates the tracking of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (ISO 14067). Water footprint is a tool that assesses the magnitude of potential water-specific environmental impacts of water use associated with a product, process or organisation. It aims at describing the impact of water utilization on humans and ecosystems due to changes in water quality and quantity (ISO 14046 Environmental management-Water footprint-Principles, requirements and guidelines 2014). The concept of
Abstract Decarbonization of metal production is currently a unique challenge for the industry. To... more Abstract Decarbonization of metal production is currently a unique challenge for the industry. To gain insights, environmental impacts of ferrochrome smelting technologies were estimated using simulation-based life cycle assessment. Two leading technologies: (1) Steel Belt Sintering-Submerged Electric Arc Furnace (SBS-SAF), and (2) Rotary Kiln-Submerged Electric Arc Furnace (RK-SAF) were investigated. Four environmental impact categories: climate change, acidification, particulate matter, and resource use (minerals and metals), were considered. Results showed that GHG emissions for producing high carbon ferrochrome vary to a greater extent depending on location of processing plant because of differences in electricity emission factors. For example, South African energy grid generates more GHG emission than Finnish energy grid. Furthermore, though prereduction reduced SAF energy consumption, it did not necessarily result in reduced net GHG emissions due to high coal consumption of RK. Acidification and particulate matter were higher when using RK-SAF technology. Ferrochrome production generally had low impact on resource use.
Compendia discusion sobre softwares y bases de datos aplicados al campo de la Evaluacion del Cicl... more Compendia discusion sobre softwares y bases de datos aplicados al campo de la Evaluacion del Ciclo de Vida (LCA). Analiza temas tales como: barreras que limitan el intercambio de informacion, generacion de base de datos, importancia de datos, la integracion de procesos y sistemas de modelaje en los softwares de LCA. Describe el estado del arte para cada tema e identifica las necesidades de investigacion y los beneficios esperados
Value will be created in the circular economy by new, attractive service solutions making everyda... more Value will be created in the circular economy by new, attractive service solutions making everyday life easier and transforming business activities. Low emission production will be enabled by smart energy solutions and advanced processes and methods. Waste and industrial side streams will become a material resource. Combined with new thinking and operating models and networked business models, technology has enabled a huge step to be taken towards the circular economy, benefiting companies, consumers, society and the environment.
NanoSelect project deals with the development of fully biobased membranes and adsorbants containi... more NanoSelect project deals with the development of fully biobased membranes and adsorbants containing nanocellulose and nanochtin as functional entities to selectively adsorb and remove contaminants ...
The plant-wide control of large processes can be difficult. Process control decisions at geograph... more The plant-wide control of large processes can be difficult. Process control decisions at geographically distributed subunits and plants may contradict with the global optimum if the necessary information is not available. Furthermore, the impact of local decisions to the overall process is not always clear. This calls for plant-wide control strategies on the coordinating supervisory level. In order to improve such monitoring and control methods, new information exchange practices and integration architectures are required. Integration of information and control systems in production is challenging both from a scalability and interoperability point of view. Most integrations still rely on point-to-point connections, i.e., systems directly requesting information and services or setting new operating set points. Although the production systems are rather stable, the development of new control procedures is laborious due to the number of necessary integrations for accessing the distribu...
Driven by public awareness and international regulations and standards, sustainability and enviro... more Driven by public awareness and international regulations and standards, sustainability and environmental impacts have become increasingly important distinguishing factors between competing products and services. Circular economy aims to increase economic growth by using natural resources and ecosystems in a more effective way with the aim of maintaining products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times. More effective use of materials enables the creation of more value both by cost savings and by developing new markets or by developing existing ones. Reduced acquisition of resources is a driver for innovation for sustainable use of materials, components and products as well as new business models. This chapter introduces methods and tools to assess and reduce environmental impacts, and improve resource efficiency and sustainability management. Life cycle thinking forms one of the basic principles of sustainable development, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the leading method for assessing the potential environmental impacts of a product, process or service throughout its life cycle (ISO 14040-44). Other methods based on life cycle thinking are also introduced. LCA focusing on the contribution of a product or service to global warming uses methods for Carbon Footprint measurement and facilitates the tracking of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (ISO 14067). Water footprint is a tool that assesses the magnitude of potential water-specific environmental impacts of water use associated with a product, process or organisation. It aims at describing the impact of water utilization on humans and ecosystems due to changes in water quality and quantity (ISO 14046 Environmental management-Water footprint-Principles, requirements and guidelines 2014). The concept of
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