Papers by Stefan Munzinger
He n n e c k e , M. & S. mu n z i n G e r (2013): Hybridisierungen innerhalb der Gattung Ophrys i... more He n n e c k e , M. & S. mu n z i n G e r (2013): Hybridisierungen innerhalb der Gattung Ophrys im Hinblick auf die blütezeit der Eltern-das Aus der postulierten eine Orchidee/ein Bestäuber-Beziehung.-Ber. Arbeitskrs.Heim. Orchid. 30 (2) 2013; 109-147. Die Auswertung der Datenbank in www.naturgucker.de bzw. dem englischen Pendant www.enjoynature.net erlaubt heute einen Vergleich des Blütezeitraums von Planzen. Besonders bei Ragwurzen ist das interessant, denn sie können nur während der Blütezeit genau bestimmt werden. Vier Ophrys-Arten, Ophrys tenthredinifera, Ophrys insectifera, Ophrys bombylilora und Ophrys speculum, wurden einer solchen Auswertung unterzogen. Jede Art sollte vom Beobachter eindeutig bestimmbar sein, so dass die Datenbank aussagekräftige Daten enthält. Die Form der Lippe, Petalen usw. dieser vier Ophrys-Arten ist völlig unterschiedlich, was als wichtiges taktiles Erkennungszeichen für männliche Insekten diskutiert wird. Das Duft-Bouquet von Ophrys speculum ist gänzlich anders als bei den übrigen Ophrys-Arten. Die Auswertung zeigt für jede Art eine ca. achtwöchige Blütezeit im jeweiligen großen Verbreitungsgebiet. Jede, aber auch jede andere Ophrys-Art
Ophrys insectifera is the only species in the section Ophrys. The species is very stable in its h... more Ophrys insectifera is the only species in the section Ophrys. The species is very stable in its huge range of distribution but varies in lip-color with tendency to yellow borders or reddish ends. According to molecular-genetic data this species is well delimited, according to Bateman (2012) one bona-fide species, which can be never confused. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
Auf Basis des Biospezies-Konzeptes werden im April 2014 gemachte Beobachtung zu Ophrys homeri ana... more Auf Basis des Biospezies-Konzeptes werden im April 2014 gemachte Beobachtung zu Ophrys homeri analysiert und der wahrscheinlich hybridogene Ursprung dieser Art diskutiert. Based on the biospecies concept all observations on Ophrys homeri in April 2014 were analysed and discussed according to the most probable hybridogious origin of this species.
Die Gattung Ophrys kann an Hand des Vorhandenseins oder der Abwesenheit eines Fortsatzes am Gynos... more Die Gattung Ophrys kann an Hand des Vorhandenseins oder der Abwesenheit eines Fortsatzes am Gynostegium (= Konnektivfortsatz) leicht in zwei Untergattungen getrennt werden: Fuciflorae und Ophrys. Die weitere Unterteilung der Untergattung Ophrys führt zu fünf Sektionen, die eindeutig im Feld bestimmt werden können. The genus Ophrys can be subdivided in two subgenus: Fuciflorae und Ophrys (gynostegium with or without tip). The further division of subgenus Ophrys leads to five sections, which can be identified very clear in the field.
well established. The shape of lip, pedals etc. of these Ophrys species are totally different, wh... more well established. The shape of lip, pedals etc. of these Ophrys species are totally different, which is discussed as important tactile recognition for male insects. The odour bouquet of Ophrys speculum is quite different than of other Ophrys species.
The data evaluation shows a lowering season of about 8 weeks in their huge distribution area for each species. Each and every other Ophrys species hybridize, if their lowering-peak is within the same 3-weeks period of the surveyed parent species. The prezygotic pollinator barrier seems too low, and there is a great likelihood of pollinator
sharing in sympatry giving rise to the claim that the supposed highly speciic sexual deceit pollination shows quite some leakage. Therefore we cannot understand why Ophrys species are described by pollinator speciity that is obviously not realistic resulting in a substantially over-divided Ophrys genus at the species level.
Ophrys tenthredinifera is the only species in the section tenthrediniferae. The species varies ve... more Ophrys tenthredinifera is the only species in the section tenthrediniferae. The species varies very much in size in its huge range of distribution. According to molecular-genetic data this species is well delimited, additional a well defined key were developed. So the species can never be confused any more, suggesting a ranking as bona-fide species according to Bateman (2012). Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
Ophrys bombyliflora is the only species in the section Bombyliflorae. The species is very stable ... more Ophrys bombyliflora is the only species in the section Bombyliflorae. The species is very stable in its huge range of distribution, according to Bateman (2012) one bona-fide species, which can be never confused. According to molecular-genetic data this species is well delimited. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
The section is according to molecular-genetic data well delimited. The morphology and the pollina... more The section is according to molecular-genetic data well delimited. The morphology and the pollination-biology is the same within the section Pseudophrys but quite different compared with the other sections.
Within this section 4 subsections can be defined, which can be easily and clearly identified in the field. Each subsection has a different number of species.
In total 9 species can be identified very sure in the field. But there is no
doubt that more investigation according to the biospecies concept has to be done to clarify the whole section. Problematic relationships were pointed out and discussed. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
After the conservation of the species name „speculum“, it was possible to introduce the section S... more After the conservation of the species name „speculum“, it was possible to introduce the section Speculi, which is according to molecular-genetic data of this section well delimited. Within the section two species are defined: Ophrys speculum and Ophrys regis-ferdinandii. A key to the species is developed, so they can be never confused.
Ophrys speculum is quite stable in its huge range of distribution but varies in the eastern and western mediterraneis. According to the biospecies concept these plants are ranked as varieties. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
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Papers by Stefan Munzinger
The data evaluation shows a lowering season of about 8 weeks in their huge distribution area for each species. Each and every other Ophrys species hybridize, if their lowering-peak is within the same 3-weeks period of the surveyed parent species. The prezygotic pollinator barrier seems too low, and there is a great likelihood of pollinator
sharing in sympatry giving rise to the claim that the supposed highly speciic sexual deceit pollination shows quite some leakage. Therefore we cannot understand why Ophrys species are described by pollinator speciity that is obviously not realistic resulting in a substantially over-divided Ophrys genus at the species level.
Within this section 4 subsections can be defined, which can be easily and clearly identified in the field. Each subsection has a different number of species.
In total 9 species can be identified very sure in the field. But there is no
doubt that more investigation according to the biospecies concept has to be done to clarify the whole section. Problematic relationships were pointed out and discussed. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
Ophrys speculum is quite stable in its huge range of distribution but varies in the eastern and western mediterraneis. According to the biospecies concept these plants are ranked as varieties. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
The data evaluation shows a lowering season of about 8 weeks in their huge distribution area for each species. Each and every other Ophrys species hybridize, if their lowering-peak is within the same 3-weeks period of the surveyed parent species. The prezygotic pollinator barrier seems too low, and there is a great likelihood of pollinator
sharing in sympatry giving rise to the claim that the supposed highly speciic sexual deceit pollination shows quite some leakage. Therefore we cannot understand why Ophrys species are described by pollinator speciity that is obviously not realistic resulting in a substantially over-divided Ophrys genus at the species level.
Within this section 4 subsections can be defined, which can be easily and clearly identified in the field. Each subsection has a different number of species.
In total 9 species can be identified very sure in the field. But there is no
doubt that more investigation according to the biospecies concept has to be done to clarify the whole section. Problematic relationships were pointed out and discussed. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
Ophrys speculum is quite stable in its huge range of distribution but varies in the eastern and western mediterraneis. According to the biospecies concept these plants are ranked as varieties. Pollinators and hybrids are listed.