Papers by Stéphanie M. Carrière
Influence des pratIques culturales et du mIlIeu sur la dIversIté des jachères d'orIgIne forestIèr... more Influence des pratIques culturales et du mIlIeu sur la dIversIté des jachères d'orIgIne forestIère (hautes-terres, madagascar) r. j. RandRiamalala , 2, , g. seRpantié & s. m. CaRRièRe
Biological Invasions, 2012
... Christian A. Kull • Jacques Tassin • Sophie Moreau • Hervé Rakoto Ramiarantsoa • Chantal Blan... more ... Christian A. Kull • Jacques Tassin • Sophie Moreau • Hervé Rakoto Ramiarantsoa • Chantal Blanc-Pamard • Stéphanie M. Carrie`re ... S. Moreau Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, Cité Descartes, 5 boulevard Descartes, 77454 Champs sur Marne, Marne la Vallée, France ...
ABSTRACT Shifting cultivation is considered to be the most widespread cultivation system in the t... more ABSTRACT Shifting cultivation is considered to be the most widespread cultivation system in the tropics. However, it remains poorly understood in some countries. The measurement of agrobiodiversity in these systems, which could be used to better understand its sustainability in the face of social, economic and environmental change, has been the focus of little research. This study aimed to measure the agrobiodiversity on small, family-farmed, shifting cultivation fields in Vanuatu and to test the effect of different demographic pressures, locations and cropping systems. A total of 297 fields in 6 villages were measured and a spatial approach was used for comparisons at the field, farmer and village scales. Shifting cultivation in Vanuatu includes three main cropping systems, based on yams, rain-fed taro or irrigated taro, and other subsidiary systems. The configuration of each farm's cropping system depends on each farmer's choices and opportunities. Agrobiodiversity in fields was high with a mean species richness of 10.2 (±4.8 SD) and an intraspecific richness of 8.6 (±7.3 SD). In a crop sequence, agrobiodiversity decreased for yam and rain-fed taro fields but this decrease was faster in yam fields. Cluster analyses showed that the main factor influencing agrobiodiversity at the field and farmer scale was the cropping system. At the village scale, however, the cropping system only appeared to influence intraspecific richness as no difference in species richness was found between villages. Moreover, ANOVA showed no village effect on agrobiodiversity, which raises the question of whether there is an effect of scale affecting biodiversity assessments in landscapes. No correlation was found between agrobiodiversity and demographic pressures or fallow length at any spatial scale. This study showed that the agrobiodiversity is variable at the field and farmer scale but is stable across villages and islands and is influenced only by the dominant cropping system. It suggests that this system is still resilient in the face of recent economic, social and environmental changes, but requires further multiple scale studies for a deeper understanding.
ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of tillage regime, cropping dura... more ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of tillage regime, cropping duration and fallow age on the diversity, structure and floristic composition of secondary vegetation in a tropical forest of eastern Madagascar. Tillage regime was divided into three categories: (1) no tillage, (2) light tillage (local shallow tillage <10 cm deep) and (3) heavy tillage (tillage of the whole plot, 10–20 cm deep). Cropping duration was divided into three classes: (i) short (1–2 years), (ii) medium (3–4 years) and (iii) long (5–15 years). Eighty-nine fallows subdivided in three regrowth age classes (1–5; 6–10 and 11–29 years) were surveyed. We found that heavy tillage regime was associated with a long cropping duration favouring the establishment of herbaceous and wind-dispersed species and reducing species richness, basal area and maximal height. The recovery of species richness and maximum height was faster under no till compared to heavy tillage. Heavy tillage regime favours proliferation of herbaceous species in the middle age regrowths (6–10 years). Long cropping duration (5–15 years) slowed down the recovery rate of maximal height in the old regrowths (11–29 years). A blockage of secondary succession was never found but a total forest recovery takes a longer time when heavy tillage and long cropping duration were observed.
Journal of tropical …, 2002
... Cameroon STÉPHANIE M. CARRIE`RE*1, PHILIPPE LETOURMY and DOYLE B. MCKEY* ... 1996, Guevara... more ... Cameroon STÉPHANIE M. CARRIE`RE*1, PHILIPPE LETOURMY and DOYLE B. MCKEY* ... 1996, Guevara et al. 1986, 1992; Holl 1998, Janzen 1988, McClanahan & Wolfe 1993, McDonnell & Stiles 1983, Nepstad et al. 1996, Parrotta 1995, Vieira et al. ...
At the 5th World Parks Congress, held in Durban, South Africa in 2003, the President of Madagasca... more At the 5th World Parks Congress, held in Durban, South Africa in 2003, the President of Madagascar committed his government to tripling the country's protected zones over the next 5 years. The announcement reflected a desire to combine rapid conservation efforts with sustainable development. Conservationists in Madagascar focused their attention on the endemic baobab tree, Adansonia grandidieri. This paper aims to identify the contradictions between the political emergency of the biodiversity conservation effort and local development needs. Eighty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted in two villages near the protected area of ''Baobab Alley'' in the Menabe region. Malagasy conservationists believed the area's protected status would benefit the local economy through eco-tourism. However, the conservation actions undertaken there display limited understanding of local dynamics and conflict with farmers' needs. To protect the baobabs, the government has prohibited rice cultivation without providing compensation. We show that the multifunctional baobab tree is integrated into an agroforestry system and protected by farmers. Based on these results, we address the issue of how to combine conservation and local development objectives through the involvement of farmers and the recognition of local knowledge in tree management. We also demonstrate that an emergency approach to conservation is not conducive to the successful integration of conservation and development.
At the Rio+20 Conference (June 2012), the biodiversity conservation agenda was subsumed into broa... more At the Rio+20 Conference (June 2012), the biodiversity conservation agenda was subsumed into broader environmental issues like sustainable development, "green economy," and climate change. This shoehorning of biodiversity issues is concomitant with a trend toward market-based instruments and toward standardized biodiversity assessment and monitoring. This article raises concern that these trends can marginalize important and specific aspects of biodiversity governance, including other policy tools and regionspecific socio-ecological environments. Among other trends, this contributes to the marginalization of agroecosystems as habitat and matrix for biodiversity. Such agroecosystems, however, can have a major impact on conservation outcomes as they comprise a major part of terrestrial lands. If the biodiversity crisis is to be curbed, special attention must be drawn to societies, institutional approaches, and environments that are currently marginalized in conservation policies.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2013
ABSTRACT Shifting cultivation is considered to be the most widespread cultivation system in the t... more ABSTRACT Shifting cultivation is considered to be the most widespread cultivation system in the tropics. However, it remains poorly understood in some countries. The measurement of agrobiodiversity in these systems, which could be used to better understand its sustainability in the face of social, economic and environmental change, has been the focus of little research. This study aimed to measure the agrobiodiversity on small, family-farmed, shifting cultivation fields in Vanuatu and to test the effect of different demographic pressures, locations and cropping systems. A total of 297 fields in 6 villages were measured and a spatial approach was used for comparisons at the field, farmer and village scales. Shifting cultivation in Vanuatu includes three main cropping systems, based on yams, rain-fed taro or irrigated taro, and other subsidiary systems. The configuration of each farm's cropping system depends on each farmer's choices and opportunities. Agrobiodiversity in fields was high with a mean species richness of 10.2 (±4.8 SD) and an intraspecific richness of 8.6 (±7.3 SD). In a crop sequence, agrobiodiversity decreased for yam and rain-fed taro fields but this decrease was faster in yam fields. Cluster analyses showed that the main factor influencing agrobiodiversity at the field and farmer scale was the cropping system. At the village scale, however, the cropping system only appeared to influence intraspecific richness as no difference in species richness was found between villages. Moreover, ANOVA showed no village effect on agrobiodiversity, which raises the question of whether there is an effect of scale affecting biodiversity assessments in landscapes. No correlation was found between agrobiodiversity and demographic pressures or fallow length at any spatial scale. This study showed that the agrobiodiversity is variable at the field and farmer scale but is stable across villages and islands and is influenced only by the dominant cropping system. It suggests that this system is still resilient in the face of recent economic, social and environmental changes, but requires further multiple scale studies for a deeper understanding.
Journal des africanistes, 2003
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Papers by Stéphanie M. Carrière