The causes and effects of population growth in Brisbane City Queensland Australia are assessed. F... more The causes and effects of population growth in Brisbane City Queensland Australia are assessed. Future projections indicated an increase of 2.45 to 2.95 million in the Brisbane region by 2011. Attention is directed to the geographic corridors of growth the demographic characteristics and socioeconomic characteristics of the population. Growth has been in response to the development of the retail sector by private industry; public response to growth has been "slow and ineffective." Growth was coordinated in the mid-1970s in the Moreton region by the Labor Government. However when the Labor Government fell from the power the initiative was halted. Another strategy was proposed by the Brisbane City Council in a 1990 draft report and the Stimson Report in 1991. In July 1991 the Queensland government worked to manage growth through coordinated activities of community business and industry representatives. These 3 efforts have had little impact on the patterns of growth; wealthy...
England and the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC advise that the information contained in this pu... more England and the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, University of New England and the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC (including its employees and consultants) exclude all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it.
This study evaluates three hypotheses of return migration from Australia: the success hypothesis,... more This study evaluates three hypotheses of return migration from Australia: the success hypothesis, the failure hypothesis and the continued evaluation hypothesis. Under the success hypothesis, migrants integrate well into Australian society, but return when they reach their target income. The failure hypothesis proposes that migrants have strong ties to their country of origin and do not integrate well into Australian society. This weak level of integration leads to low probabilities of finding employment and low wage. That, combined with the high pecuniary costs associated with remaining in Australia leads to high probabilities of return migration when economic conditions in Australia are poor. Under this scenario, migrants tend to be older, married and are poorly skilled. In the final hypothesis--the continued evaluation hypothesis--migrants retain strong ties to their country of origin while also integrating into Australian society. However, unlike the previous two hypotheses, migrants continue to compare economic conditions in their country of origin with those in Australia, and return when benefits outweigh the costs of remaining in Australia. The three hypotheses are tested using data from Australian arrival and departure cards and a Cox proportional hazard model. The continued evaluation path hypothesis is found to be most appropriate for Hong Kong, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, whereas the success hypothesis is most applicable for South Africa, Viet Nam and Yugoslavia. There was little support for the failure hypothesis
This article estimates the supply elasticity of new housing for local government areas (LGAs) wit... more This article estimates the supply elasticity of new housing for local government areas (LGAs) within Adelaide in South Australia by employing the urban growth model developed originally by Meyer and Somerville. In particular, we extend Gitelman and Otto's subsequent work in several ways. We employ narrower time intervals and consider different types of residential accommodation. Moreover, we include other geo-economic variables that potentially affect new supply, such as a spatially lagged dependent variable that assesses how supply conditions in one suburban region may subsequently influence supply in adjoining locations. Our findings suggest that the elasticity of new supply is up to 15 per cent over 10 quarters and thus sensitive to price changes, albeit lagged. Furthermore, we find that an LGA's land area and proximity to the coast are positively correlated with new housing supply, while its residents' average incomes and the level of building approval activity in neighbouring LGAs are negatively correlated with new supply. These findings have several potential implications for Metropolitan planning strategies.
Global and national strategy emphasises land use planning as a key mechanism for disaster risk re... more Global and national strategy emphasises land use planning as a key mechanism for disaster risk reduction (DRR). The practice of planning for natural hazards is devolved to local levels, making the capacity of local government critical for achieving strategic DRR goals. This study assessed the capacity of local governments in Australia to plan for natural hazards. Many Local Government Areas (LGAs) had satisfactory or good hazard planning provision, but remoteness, land area and council size influence poor hazard planning provision. Strategic intent for land use planning as a DRR mechanism is unlikely to be successful in many LGAs without first addressing place-based capacity constraints on hazard planning.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2016
Assessment of disaster resilience using an index is often a key element of natural hazard managem... more Assessment of disaster resilience using an index is often a key element of natural hazard management and planning. Many assessments have been undertaken worldwide. Emerging from these are a set of seven common properties that should be considered in the design of any disaster resilience assessment: assessment purpose, top-down or bottom-up assessment, assessment scale, conceptual framework, structural design, indicator selection, data analysis and index computation and reporting and interpretation. We introduce the design of an Australian Natural Disaster Resilience Index (ANDRI) according to the common properties of resilience assessment. The ANDRI takes a top-down approach using indicators derived from secondary data with national coverage. The ANDRI is a hierarchical design based on coping and adaptive capacities representing the potential for disaster resilience. Coping capacity is the means by which people or organizations use available resources, skills and opportunities to face adverse consequences that could lead to a disaster. Adaptive capacity is the arrangements and processes that enable adjustment through learning, adaptation and transformation. Coping capacity is divided into themes of social character, economic capital, infrastructure and planning, emergency services, community capital and information and engagement. Adaptive capacity is divided into themes of governance, policy and leadership and social and community engagement. Indicators are collected to determine the status of each theme. As assessments of disaster resilience develop worldwide, reporting of their design as standard practice will track knowledge generation in the field and enhance the relationship between applied disaster resilience assessment and foundational principles of disaster resilience.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2021
This paper reports a national-scale assessment of disaster resilience, using the Australian Disas... more This paper reports a national-scale assessment of disaster resilience, using the Australian Disaster Resilience Index. The index assesses resilience at three levels: overall capacity for disaster resilience; coping and adaptive capacity; and, eight themes of disaster resilience across social, economic and institutional domains. About 32% of Australia's population (7.6 million people) live in an area assessed as having high capacity for disaster resilience. About 52% of Australia's population (12.3 million people) live in an area assessed as having moderate capacity for disaster resilience. The remaining 16% of Australia's population (3.8 million people) live in an area assessed as having low capacity for disaster resilience. Distribution of disaster resilience in Australia is strongly influenced by a geography of remoteness. Most metropolitan and inner regional areas were assessed as having high capacity for disaster resilience. In contrast, most outer regional, remote and very remote areas were assessed as having low capacity for disaster resilience, although areas of low capacity for disaster resilience can occur in metropolitan areas. Juxtaposed onto this distribution, themes of disaster resilience highlight strengths and barriers to disaster resilience in different communities. For example, low community capital and social cohesion is a disaster resilience barrier in many metropolitan areas, but higher community capital and social cohesion in outer regional and some remote areas supports disaster resilience. The strategic intent of a shared responsibility for disaster resilience can benefit from understanding the spatial distribution of disaster resilience, so that policies and programmes can address systemic influences on disaster resilience.
American cities grew steadily throughout the first 75 years of nationhood but remained relatively... more American cities grew steadily throughout the first 75 years of nationhood but remained relatively small in geographic area
This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to st... more This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to study geographical and temporal trends of community vulnerability to hazards. Several techniques are outlined, and their practical application critically discussed in relation to variables considered to be indicators of hazard vulnerability. Demographic projections for Southeast Queensland Local Government Areas were generated, mapped and discussed as an illustration of possible information outputs.
Page 1. Relating plant diversity to biomass and soil erosion in a cultivated landscape of the eas... more Page 1. Relating plant diversity to biomass and soil erosion in a cultivated landscape of the eastern seaboard region of Thailand Rajendra P. Shrestha a,*, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt b, Nalina Gnanavelrajah c a School of Environment ...
This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to st... more This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to study geographical and temporal trends of community vulnerability to hazards. Several techniques are outlined, and their practical application critically discussed in relation to variables considered to be indicators of hazard vulnerability. Demographic projections for Southeast Queensland Local Government Areas were generated, mapped and discussed as an illustration of possible information outputs.
This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to st... more This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to study geographical and temporal trends of community vulnerability to hazards. Several techniques are outlined, and their practical application critically discussed in relation to variables considered to be indicators of hazard vulnerability.
The causes and effects of population growth in Brisbane City Queensland Australia are assessed. F... more The causes and effects of population growth in Brisbane City Queensland Australia are assessed. Future projections indicated an increase of 2.45 to 2.95 million in the Brisbane region by 2011. Attention is directed to the geographic corridors of growth the demographic characteristics and socioeconomic characteristics of the population. Growth has been in response to the development of the retail sector by private industry; public response to growth has been "slow and ineffective." Growth was coordinated in the mid-1970s in the Moreton region by the Labor Government. However when the Labor Government fell from the power the initiative was halted. Another strategy was proposed by the Brisbane City Council in a 1990 draft report and the Stimson Report in 1991. In July 1991 the Queensland government worked to manage growth through coordinated activities of community business and industry representatives. These 3 efforts have had little impact on the patterns of growth; wealthy...
England and the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC advise that the information contained in this pu... more England and the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, University of New England and the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC (including its employees and consultants) exclude all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it.
This study evaluates three hypotheses of return migration from Australia: the success hypothesis,... more This study evaluates three hypotheses of return migration from Australia: the success hypothesis, the failure hypothesis and the continued evaluation hypothesis. Under the success hypothesis, migrants integrate well into Australian society, but return when they reach their target income. The failure hypothesis proposes that migrants have strong ties to their country of origin and do not integrate well into Australian society. This weak level of integration leads to low probabilities of finding employment and low wage. That, combined with the high pecuniary costs associated with remaining in Australia leads to high probabilities of return migration when economic conditions in Australia are poor. Under this scenario, migrants tend to be older, married and are poorly skilled. In the final hypothesis--the continued evaluation hypothesis--migrants retain strong ties to their country of origin while also integrating into Australian society. However, unlike the previous two hypotheses, migrants continue to compare economic conditions in their country of origin with those in Australia, and return when benefits outweigh the costs of remaining in Australia. The three hypotheses are tested using data from Australian arrival and departure cards and a Cox proportional hazard model. The continued evaluation path hypothesis is found to be most appropriate for Hong Kong, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, whereas the success hypothesis is most applicable for South Africa, Viet Nam and Yugoslavia. There was little support for the failure hypothesis
This article estimates the supply elasticity of new housing for local government areas (LGAs) wit... more This article estimates the supply elasticity of new housing for local government areas (LGAs) within Adelaide in South Australia by employing the urban growth model developed originally by Meyer and Somerville. In particular, we extend Gitelman and Otto's subsequent work in several ways. We employ narrower time intervals and consider different types of residential accommodation. Moreover, we include other geo-economic variables that potentially affect new supply, such as a spatially lagged dependent variable that assesses how supply conditions in one suburban region may subsequently influence supply in adjoining locations. Our findings suggest that the elasticity of new supply is up to 15 per cent over 10 quarters and thus sensitive to price changes, albeit lagged. Furthermore, we find that an LGA's land area and proximity to the coast are positively correlated with new housing supply, while its residents' average incomes and the level of building approval activity in neighbouring LGAs are negatively correlated with new supply. These findings have several potential implications for Metropolitan planning strategies.
Global and national strategy emphasises land use planning as a key mechanism for disaster risk re... more Global and national strategy emphasises land use planning as a key mechanism for disaster risk reduction (DRR). The practice of planning for natural hazards is devolved to local levels, making the capacity of local government critical for achieving strategic DRR goals. This study assessed the capacity of local governments in Australia to plan for natural hazards. Many Local Government Areas (LGAs) had satisfactory or good hazard planning provision, but remoteness, land area and council size influence poor hazard planning provision. Strategic intent for land use planning as a DRR mechanism is unlikely to be successful in many LGAs without first addressing place-based capacity constraints on hazard planning.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2016
Assessment of disaster resilience using an index is often a key element of natural hazard managem... more Assessment of disaster resilience using an index is often a key element of natural hazard management and planning. Many assessments have been undertaken worldwide. Emerging from these are a set of seven common properties that should be considered in the design of any disaster resilience assessment: assessment purpose, top-down or bottom-up assessment, assessment scale, conceptual framework, structural design, indicator selection, data analysis and index computation and reporting and interpretation. We introduce the design of an Australian Natural Disaster Resilience Index (ANDRI) according to the common properties of resilience assessment. The ANDRI takes a top-down approach using indicators derived from secondary data with national coverage. The ANDRI is a hierarchical design based on coping and adaptive capacities representing the potential for disaster resilience. Coping capacity is the means by which people or organizations use available resources, skills and opportunities to face adverse consequences that could lead to a disaster. Adaptive capacity is the arrangements and processes that enable adjustment through learning, adaptation and transformation. Coping capacity is divided into themes of social character, economic capital, infrastructure and planning, emergency services, community capital and information and engagement. Adaptive capacity is divided into themes of governance, policy and leadership and social and community engagement. Indicators are collected to determine the status of each theme. As assessments of disaster resilience develop worldwide, reporting of their design as standard practice will track knowledge generation in the field and enhance the relationship between applied disaster resilience assessment and foundational principles of disaster resilience.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2021
This paper reports a national-scale assessment of disaster resilience, using the Australian Disas... more This paper reports a national-scale assessment of disaster resilience, using the Australian Disaster Resilience Index. The index assesses resilience at three levels: overall capacity for disaster resilience; coping and adaptive capacity; and, eight themes of disaster resilience across social, economic and institutional domains. About 32% of Australia's population (7.6 million people) live in an area assessed as having high capacity for disaster resilience. About 52% of Australia's population (12.3 million people) live in an area assessed as having moderate capacity for disaster resilience. The remaining 16% of Australia's population (3.8 million people) live in an area assessed as having low capacity for disaster resilience. Distribution of disaster resilience in Australia is strongly influenced by a geography of remoteness. Most metropolitan and inner regional areas were assessed as having high capacity for disaster resilience. In contrast, most outer regional, remote and very remote areas were assessed as having low capacity for disaster resilience, although areas of low capacity for disaster resilience can occur in metropolitan areas. Juxtaposed onto this distribution, themes of disaster resilience highlight strengths and barriers to disaster resilience in different communities. For example, low community capital and social cohesion is a disaster resilience barrier in many metropolitan areas, but higher community capital and social cohesion in outer regional and some remote areas supports disaster resilience. The strategic intent of a shared responsibility for disaster resilience can benefit from understanding the spatial distribution of disaster resilience, so that policies and programmes can address systemic influences on disaster resilience.
American cities grew steadily throughout the first 75 years of nationhood but remained relatively... more American cities grew steadily throughout the first 75 years of nationhood but remained relatively small in geographic area
This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to st... more This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to study geographical and temporal trends of community vulnerability to hazards. Several techniques are outlined, and their practical application critically discussed in relation to variables considered to be indicators of hazard vulnerability. Demographic projections for Southeast Queensland Local Government Areas were generated, mapped and discussed as an illustration of possible information outputs.
Page 1. Relating plant diversity to biomass and soil erosion in a cultivated landscape of the eas... more Page 1. Relating plant diversity to biomass and soil erosion in a cultivated landscape of the eastern seaboard region of Thailand Rajendra P. Shrestha a,*, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt b, Nalina Gnanavelrajah c a School of Environment ...
This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to st... more This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to study geographical and temporal trends of community vulnerability to hazards. Several techniques are outlined, and their practical application critically discussed in relation to variables considered to be indicators of hazard vulnerability. Demographic projections for Southeast Queensland Local Government Areas were generated, mapped and discussed as an illustration of possible information outputs.
This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to st... more This paper discusses the potential for using demographic and socioeconomic data projections to study geographical and temporal trends of community vulnerability to hazards. Several techniques are outlined, and their practical application critically discussed in relation to variables considered to be indicators of hazard vulnerability.
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