Volume 7: 46th Mechanisms and Robotics Conference (MR)
Commercial trucks are not always transporting goods at full capacity, which means that the box-sh... more Commercial trucks are not always transporting goods at full capacity, which means that the box-shape trailer is partially occupied or even completely empty on occasions. In this work, we explore foldable trailer design to improve truck efficiency and sustainability. To achieve the folding feature we explore active compliant hinges in origami-inspired design. Active origami engineering relies on two-dimensional smart hinges able to interact in a three-dimensional design without external forces. The truck trailer is envisioned to be able to fold itself into an aerodynamic wedge shape when the trailer is (partially) empty. This design can be made lighter and more environmentally friendly than the original trailer design and the use of such a foldable trailer can reduce fuel consumption. Smart material layered hinges made from dielectric elastomers actuate the plastic faces of the construction to achieve the folding and deploying of the adaptable trailer design. Initial studies of geome...
The present study was entitled “Integrated weed management studies in onion (Allium cepa L.)” var... more The present study was entitled “Integrated weed management studies in onion (Allium cepa L.)” variety (N-53) was carried out at CSKHPKV, Hill Agri. Research and Extension centre, Dhaulakuan (Sirmour), during Rabi season 2013-14 with the objectives to find out the efficacy of different treatments on the growth, yield and yield attributing characters. All herbicides were applied as post emergence except pendimethalin which was applied as pre-emergence. In this study, 13 treatments viz. Clodinofop @ (0.06 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), Imazethapyr @ (0.06 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), Imazethapyr @ 0.08 kg ha -1 , Imazethapyr @ 0.10 kg ha -1 , Oxyfluorfen @ (0.10 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), Oxyfluorfen @ 0.20 kg ha -1 , Oxyfluorfen @ 0.30 kg ha -1 , Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg ha -1 , Quizalofop @ (0.06 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), two hand weeding (40 and 60 DAT), farmer practice (three hand weeding at 30, 60, 90 DAT), weed free and weedy check...
The present study proposes a 3-dimensional approach for enhancing the effective piezoelectric pro... more The present study proposes a 3-dimensional approach for enhancing the effective piezoelectric properties by poling orientation. The governing parameters for actuation and sensing applications are d31\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}$$\end{document} and d31/ε33\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31} /\varepsilon_{33}$$\end{document}, respectively. The effective magnitudes of these parameters, i.e., d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} and d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} , change with poling angles (roll and pitch angles). The combination of poling angles corresponding to the maximum magnitude of d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} and d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} is called the optimum poling angle for piezoelectric materials. BaTiO3 and KNN piezoelectric materials with tetragonal symmetry show an enhancement in d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} and d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} at an optimized poling angle (roll angle). The piezoelectric material, 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 (PMN-0.33PT) with rhombohedral symmetry, shows a maximum improvement of 575% in d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} at an optimum roll angle of 29° and a pitch angle of 60°. On the other hand, PMN-0.33PT shows an enhancement of 2034.44% in the d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} coefficient at optimum roll and pitch angles of 50° and 60°. The effect of poling orientation on different piezoelectric materials with tetragonal and rhombohedral symmetry has been studied for actuation and sensing applications. The experimental approach to achieve inclination of dipoles through the placement of electrodes for different piezoelectric materials is also discussed.
This paper concentrates on the study of propagation of waves in a homogeneous isotropic micropola... more This paper concentrates on the study of propagation of waves in a homogeneous isotropic micropolar thermoelastic plate possessing cubic symmetry subjected to stress free boundary conditions in context of Lord and Shulman (L-S) and Green and Lindsay (G-L) theories of thermoelasticity. The secular equations for homogeneous isotropic micropolar thermoelastic plate possessing cubic symmetry for symmetric and skew symmetric wave modes of propagation are derived. The amplitudes of displacement components, microrotation and temperature distribution are also computed during the symmetric and skew symmetric motion of the plate. Finally, in order to illustrate and verify the analytical developments, numerical solution of secular equation corresponding to stress free thermally insulated micropolar thermoelastic cubic crystal plates is carried out for magnesium crystal material.
Ayurvedic medicinal plants have been used for curing diseases since centuries. There are large nu... more Ayurvedic medicinal plants have been used for curing diseases since centuries. There are large number of drugs of plant origin mentioned in Ayurvedic texts which carry potential therapeutic benefits and Vidarikand is one of them. The term Vidari is derived from "vidaarayatiitividari" as per Shabdakalpadruma 1. Its tubers are useful in several disorders including Daha, Raktapitta, Angamarda, Daurbalya, Soshaetc and carry many therapeutic potentials like Brimhan,Vrashya, Jivniya, Rasayan, Shukral, Balya, Varnya, Dahahar etc. It is an important part of Chawanprash, a rejuvenating formulation of Ayurveda. Its pharmacological activity includes Wound healing, Anti inflammatory, Antihypertensive, Immunomodulatory, Anti-oxidative etc. The present article highlights the properties and therapeutic action in Ayurvedic texts along with recent researches of Vidarikand.
In this study, a method for the bacterial disinfection of drinking water in the water storage sys... more In this study, a method for the bacterial disinfection of drinking water in the water storage systems based on the electric potential generated from a piezoelectric wind energy harvester is presented. First, an efficient galloping piezoelectric wind energy harvester is designed by adding curve- shaped attachments to the bluff body of the harvester. The simulated output voltage of the harvester is validated by performing different sets of experiments on an open environment. Later, the output voltage of the harvester is enhanced, using copper oxide nanowires (CuONWs) grown perpendicular to the surface of the center copper wire. The enhanced electric field is able to disinfect the bacterial water in a 25 min time period. The bacterial removal log efficiency of 2.33 is obtained with a supplied rms voltage of 0.1 V from the harvester. The findings of this study will help to provide alternate means to water treatment that are efficient, reliable, and also free from disinfection by-products.
International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design
Photostriction is a multiphysics phenomenon comprising of both photovoltaic effect and converse p... more Photostriction is a multiphysics phenomenon comprising of both photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect. The extensively researched photostrictive material is lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, i.e., Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.98O3 (PLZT) ceramic. In contrast to the traditional approaches of improving deflection response, the current study proposes a 0–3 composite model to substantially enhance the effective material properties, which in turn significantly improves the deflection response. A computational framework based on finite element analysis is employed to 0–3 photostrictive composite of PLZT as matrix and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-35PT) as the inclusions. The representative volume element (RVE) or unit cell technique is used to incorporate the local variation of constituent properties and to calculate photostrictive properties such as effective elastic, dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties. An opto-electro-thermo-mechanical finite element formulation was engaged to get the actuation response of photostrictive material bonded to cantilever and simply supported beam. The maximum deflection for cantilever beam attached to photostrictive composite patch having 25% inclusions volume fraction in 0–3 composite is found to be 38% more in comparison to pure PLZT material. It is established that the opto-electro-mechanical 0–3 composite actuators possess high potential in lightweight, compact and wireless actuation applications.
The paper proposes a model for a micro-grid architecture incorporating the role of aggregators an... more The paper proposes a model for a micro-grid architecture incorporating the role of aggregators and renewable sources on the prosumer side, working together to optimize configurations and operations. The final model takes the form of a mixed-integer linear programming model. This model is solved using the CPLEX solver via GAMS by having a consistent data set.
Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2021
Simultaneous action of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect will induce the phot... more Simultaneous action of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect will induce the photostrictive effect. In contrast to the naturally occurring photostrictive material, the present study...
International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2021
ABSTRACT Flexoelectricity is a symmetry independent electromechanical coupling phenomenon that ou... more ABSTRACT Flexoelectricity is a symmetry independent electromechanical coupling phenomenon that outperforms piezoelectricity at micro and nanoscales due to its size-dependent behavior arising from gradient terms in its constitutive relations. However, due to this gradient term flexoelectricity, to exhibit itself, requires specially designed geometry or material composition of the dielectric material. First of its kind, the present study put forward a novel strategy of achieving electric field gradient and thereby converse flexoelectricity, independent of geometry and material composition of the material. The spatial variation of the electric field is established inside the dielectric material, Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 (BST), by manipulating electrical boundary conditions. Three unique patterns of electrode placement are suggested to achieve this spatial variation. This varying direction of electric field gives rise to electric field gradient, the prerequisite of converse flexoelectricity. A multi-physics coupling based theoretical framework is established to solve the flexoelectric actuation by employing isogeometric analysis (IGA). Electromechanically coupled equations of flexoelectricity are solved to obtain the electric field distribution and the resulting displacements thereby. The maximum displacements of 0.2 nm and 2.36 nm are obtained with patterns I and II, respectively, while pattern III can yield up to 85 nm of maximum displacement. Graphical abstarct
International Journal Of All Research Writings, Jun 13, 2021
Human Articular Cartilage is an avascular structure, which, when injured, has very slow healing c... more Human Articular Cartilage is an avascular structure, which, when injured, has very slow healing capacity as compared to other tissues. Therefore, innovative ideas like tissue engineering have been a promising approach to facilitate regeneration of hyaline-like articular cartilage to avoid continued pain, arthrodesis, or joint arthroplasty. Obtaining appropriate cells for implantation; directing the development of those cells on a chondrogenic pathway using growth factors and/or cytokines; supporting the growing cells on a three-dimensional matrix; and having that matrix remain in the defected cartilage, at least until the cartilage is healed are the key factors for successful tissue engineering. In this respect, nature-derived hydrogel scaffolds have huge potential for cartilage tissue engineering, mimicking the native cellular microenvironment. This project demonstrates that the three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made up of a polysaccharide called gellan gum and collagen peptide can be used for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. The hydrogel of two different compositions were prepared out of which one was gellan gum hydrogel and the other one was collagen peptide crosslinked gellan gum hydrogel to be used as a scaffold. To compare the mechanical properties, swelling tests were performed and FTIR analysis was done to show the composition and crosslinking in the hydrogel. Then, human articular chondrocytes were isolated and encapsulated in each hydrogel and were cultured. Lastly, MTT assay was done to analyze cell viability and proliferation in each hydrogel which showed there was good proliferation of chondrocytes within the hydrogels.
Flexoelectric energy conversion, due to its universality and size dependence, is a potential cand... more Flexoelectric energy conversion, due to its universality and size dependence, is a potential candidate for applications in self-sustainable micro-electromechanical systems/nano-electromechanical systems. This study presents the performance indices for assessing flexoelectricity-driven energy conversion in micro-scale piezoelectric (non-centrosymmetric) and non-piezoelectric (centrosymmetric) dielectric materials. Electromechanical coupling coefficients for geometry selection and figures of merit for material selection for the two most common modes of operations, i.e., transverse mode as in bending of beams and longitudinal mode as in the compression of non-uniform cross section structures, are derived. An interplay of flexoelectricity and piezoelectricity in different circumstances is assessed for three different materials, namely, barium titanate (BaTiO3), Er-doped BST ceramic (Ba1-xTi0.96Sn0.04O3 + x mol. % Er), and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), for transverse and longitudinal modes. In the transverse mode, BaTiO3 and BST are found to dominate at a beam thickness of 5 μm, while at 100 μm, PVDF shows substantially higher magnitudes of electromechanical coupling coefficients. A similar trend for the electromechanical coupling coefficient is observed in the longitudinal mode. PVDF has a very low magnitude of figure of merit in the transverse mode as compared to the other two materials (0.65% of BST and 0.71% of BaTiO3), while in the longitudinal mode, the figure of merit of PVDF exceeds the other two materials by a large magnitude (197 times of BST and 285 times of BaTiO3).
The homogeneous isotropic electro–microstretch viscoelastic solids have been taken into considera... more The homogeneous isotropic electro–microstretch viscoelastic solids have been taken into consideration for investigating the propagation of plane waves and fundamental solution. For two dimensional model, it is found that there exists two coupled longitudinal waves namely longitudinal displacement (LD) wave and longitudinal microstretch (LM) wave and two coupled transverse displacement and transverse microrotational waves (CD-I and CD-II). The phase velocities, attenuation coefficients, specific loss, penetration depth are computed numerically. The resulting quantities are depicted graphically to show the viscous effect. In addition, we construct the fundamental solution of the system of differential equations in the theory of an electro-microstretch viscoelastic solids in case of steady oscillations in terms of elementary functions. Some basic properties of the fundamental solution are established. Some special cases are also discussed.
4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G fa... more 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G families of standards. With increasing end user demands for wider service due to the rapid growth and variety of IT (information technology) industry, the service with the data rate of 30 Mbps cannot accommodate the future mobile multimedia environment. Therefore, worldwide radio and mobile communication institutes and companies started the R & D of 4G mobile communications system. The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G. 4G seems to be the solution for the growing user requirements of wireless broadband access and the limitations of the existing wireless communication. The goal of this generation is to produce specifications for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency and greater spectral efficiency. This paper is provides technological features of an existing 4G communication ...
Volume 7: 46th Mechanisms and Robotics Conference (MR)
Commercial trucks are not always transporting goods at full capacity, which means that the box-sh... more Commercial trucks are not always transporting goods at full capacity, which means that the box-shape trailer is partially occupied or even completely empty on occasions. In this work, we explore foldable trailer design to improve truck efficiency and sustainability. To achieve the folding feature we explore active compliant hinges in origami-inspired design. Active origami engineering relies on two-dimensional smart hinges able to interact in a three-dimensional design without external forces. The truck trailer is envisioned to be able to fold itself into an aerodynamic wedge shape when the trailer is (partially) empty. This design can be made lighter and more environmentally friendly than the original trailer design and the use of such a foldable trailer can reduce fuel consumption. Smart material layered hinges made from dielectric elastomers actuate the plastic faces of the construction to achieve the folding and deploying of the adaptable trailer design. Initial studies of geome...
The present study was entitled “Integrated weed management studies in onion (Allium cepa L.)” var... more The present study was entitled “Integrated weed management studies in onion (Allium cepa L.)” variety (N-53) was carried out at CSKHPKV, Hill Agri. Research and Extension centre, Dhaulakuan (Sirmour), during Rabi season 2013-14 with the objectives to find out the efficacy of different treatments on the growth, yield and yield attributing characters. All herbicides were applied as post emergence except pendimethalin which was applied as pre-emergence. In this study, 13 treatments viz. Clodinofop @ (0.06 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), Imazethapyr @ (0.06 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), Imazethapyr @ 0.08 kg ha -1 , Imazethapyr @ 0.10 kg ha -1 , Oxyfluorfen @ (0.10 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), Oxyfluorfen @ 0.20 kg ha -1 , Oxyfluorfen @ 0.30 kg ha -1 , Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg ha -1 , Quizalofop @ (0.06 kg ha -1 ) fb one hand weeding (60 DAT), two hand weeding (40 and 60 DAT), farmer practice (three hand weeding at 30, 60, 90 DAT), weed free and weedy check...
The present study proposes a 3-dimensional approach for enhancing the effective piezoelectric pro... more The present study proposes a 3-dimensional approach for enhancing the effective piezoelectric properties by poling orientation. The governing parameters for actuation and sensing applications are d31\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}$$\end{document} and d31/ε33\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31} /\varepsilon_{33}$$\end{document}, respectively. The effective magnitudes of these parameters, i.e., d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} and d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} , change with poling angles (roll and pitch angles). The combination of poling angles corresponding to the maximum magnitude of d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} and d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} is called the optimum poling angle for piezoelectric materials. BaTiO3 and KNN piezoelectric materials with tetragonal symmetry show an enhancement in d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} and d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} at an optimized poling angle (roll angle). The piezoelectric material, 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 (PMN-0.33PT) with rhombohedral symmetry, shows a maximum improvement of 575% in d31eff/ε33eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}} /\varepsilon_{33}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} at an optimum roll angle of 29° and a pitch angle of 60°. On the other hand, PMN-0.33PT shows an enhancement of 2034.44% in the d31eff\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ d_{31}^{{{\text{eff}}}}$$\end{document} coefficient at optimum roll and pitch angles of 50° and 60°. The effect of poling orientation on different piezoelectric materials with tetragonal and rhombohedral symmetry has been studied for actuation and sensing applications. The experimental approach to achieve inclination of dipoles through the placement of electrodes for different piezoelectric materials is also discussed.
This paper concentrates on the study of propagation of waves in a homogeneous isotropic micropola... more This paper concentrates on the study of propagation of waves in a homogeneous isotropic micropolar thermoelastic plate possessing cubic symmetry subjected to stress free boundary conditions in context of Lord and Shulman (L-S) and Green and Lindsay (G-L) theories of thermoelasticity. The secular equations for homogeneous isotropic micropolar thermoelastic plate possessing cubic symmetry for symmetric and skew symmetric wave modes of propagation are derived. The amplitudes of displacement components, microrotation and temperature distribution are also computed during the symmetric and skew symmetric motion of the plate. Finally, in order to illustrate and verify the analytical developments, numerical solution of secular equation corresponding to stress free thermally insulated micropolar thermoelastic cubic crystal plates is carried out for magnesium crystal material.
Ayurvedic medicinal plants have been used for curing diseases since centuries. There are large nu... more Ayurvedic medicinal plants have been used for curing diseases since centuries. There are large number of drugs of plant origin mentioned in Ayurvedic texts which carry potential therapeutic benefits and Vidarikand is one of them. The term Vidari is derived from "vidaarayatiitividari" as per Shabdakalpadruma 1. Its tubers are useful in several disorders including Daha, Raktapitta, Angamarda, Daurbalya, Soshaetc and carry many therapeutic potentials like Brimhan,Vrashya, Jivniya, Rasayan, Shukral, Balya, Varnya, Dahahar etc. It is an important part of Chawanprash, a rejuvenating formulation of Ayurveda. Its pharmacological activity includes Wound healing, Anti inflammatory, Antihypertensive, Immunomodulatory, Anti-oxidative etc. The present article highlights the properties and therapeutic action in Ayurvedic texts along with recent researches of Vidarikand.
In this study, a method for the bacterial disinfection of drinking water in the water storage sys... more In this study, a method for the bacterial disinfection of drinking water in the water storage systems based on the electric potential generated from a piezoelectric wind energy harvester is presented. First, an efficient galloping piezoelectric wind energy harvester is designed by adding curve- shaped attachments to the bluff body of the harvester. The simulated output voltage of the harvester is validated by performing different sets of experiments on an open environment. Later, the output voltage of the harvester is enhanced, using copper oxide nanowires (CuONWs) grown perpendicular to the surface of the center copper wire. The enhanced electric field is able to disinfect the bacterial water in a 25 min time period. The bacterial removal log efficiency of 2.33 is obtained with a supplied rms voltage of 0.1 V from the harvester. The findings of this study will help to provide alternate means to water treatment that are efficient, reliable, and also free from disinfection by-products.
International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design
Photostriction is a multiphysics phenomenon comprising of both photovoltaic effect and converse p... more Photostriction is a multiphysics phenomenon comprising of both photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect. The extensively researched photostrictive material is lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, i.e., Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.98O3 (PLZT) ceramic. In contrast to the traditional approaches of improving deflection response, the current study proposes a 0–3 composite model to substantially enhance the effective material properties, which in turn significantly improves the deflection response. A computational framework based on finite element analysis is employed to 0–3 photostrictive composite of PLZT as matrix and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-35PT) as the inclusions. The representative volume element (RVE) or unit cell technique is used to incorporate the local variation of constituent properties and to calculate photostrictive properties such as effective elastic, dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties. An opto-electro-thermo-mechanical finite element formulation was engaged to get the actuation response of photostrictive material bonded to cantilever and simply supported beam. The maximum deflection for cantilever beam attached to photostrictive composite patch having 25% inclusions volume fraction in 0–3 composite is found to be 38% more in comparison to pure PLZT material. It is established that the opto-electro-mechanical 0–3 composite actuators possess high potential in lightweight, compact and wireless actuation applications.
The paper proposes a model for a micro-grid architecture incorporating the role of aggregators an... more The paper proposes a model for a micro-grid architecture incorporating the role of aggregators and renewable sources on the prosumer side, working together to optimize configurations and operations. The final model takes the form of a mixed-integer linear programming model. This model is solved using the CPLEX solver via GAMS by having a consistent data set.
Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2021
Simultaneous action of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect will induce the phot... more Simultaneous action of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect will induce the photostrictive effect. In contrast to the naturally occurring photostrictive material, the present study...
International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2021
ABSTRACT Flexoelectricity is a symmetry independent electromechanical coupling phenomenon that ou... more ABSTRACT Flexoelectricity is a symmetry independent electromechanical coupling phenomenon that outperforms piezoelectricity at micro and nanoscales due to its size-dependent behavior arising from gradient terms in its constitutive relations. However, due to this gradient term flexoelectricity, to exhibit itself, requires specially designed geometry or material composition of the dielectric material. First of its kind, the present study put forward a novel strategy of achieving electric field gradient and thereby converse flexoelectricity, independent of geometry and material composition of the material. The spatial variation of the electric field is established inside the dielectric material, Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 (BST), by manipulating electrical boundary conditions. Three unique patterns of electrode placement are suggested to achieve this spatial variation. This varying direction of electric field gives rise to electric field gradient, the prerequisite of converse flexoelectricity. A multi-physics coupling based theoretical framework is established to solve the flexoelectric actuation by employing isogeometric analysis (IGA). Electromechanically coupled equations of flexoelectricity are solved to obtain the electric field distribution and the resulting displacements thereby. The maximum displacements of 0.2 nm and 2.36 nm are obtained with patterns I and II, respectively, while pattern III can yield up to 85 nm of maximum displacement. Graphical abstarct
International Journal Of All Research Writings, Jun 13, 2021
Human Articular Cartilage is an avascular structure, which, when injured, has very slow healing c... more Human Articular Cartilage is an avascular structure, which, when injured, has very slow healing capacity as compared to other tissues. Therefore, innovative ideas like tissue engineering have been a promising approach to facilitate regeneration of hyaline-like articular cartilage to avoid continued pain, arthrodesis, or joint arthroplasty. Obtaining appropriate cells for implantation; directing the development of those cells on a chondrogenic pathway using growth factors and/or cytokines; supporting the growing cells on a three-dimensional matrix; and having that matrix remain in the defected cartilage, at least until the cartilage is healed are the key factors for successful tissue engineering. In this respect, nature-derived hydrogel scaffolds have huge potential for cartilage tissue engineering, mimicking the native cellular microenvironment. This project demonstrates that the three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made up of a polysaccharide called gellan gum and collagen peptide can be used for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. The hydrogel of two different compositions were prepared out of which one was gellan gum hydrogel and the other one was collagen peptide crosslinked gellan gum hydrogel to be used as a scaffold. To compare the mechanical properties, swelling tests were performed and FTIR analysis was done to show the composition and crosslinking in the hydrogel. Then, human articular chondrocytes were isolated and encapsulated in each hydrogel and were cultured. Lastly, MTT assay was done to analyze cell viability and proliferation in each hydrogel which showed there was good proliferation of chondrocytes within the hydrogels.
Flexoelectric energy conversion, due to its universality and size dependence, is a potential cand... more Flexoelectric energy conversion, due to its universality and size dependence, is a potential candidate for applications in self-sustainable micro-electromechanical systems/nano-electromechanical systems. This study presents the performance indices for assessing flexoelectricity-driven energy conversion in micro-scale piezoelectric (non-centrosymmetric) and non-piezoelectric (centrosymmetric) dielectric materials. Electromechanical coupling coefficients for geometry selection and figures of merit for material selection for the two most common modes of operations, i.e., transverse mode as in bending of beams and longitudinal mode as in the compression of non-uniform cross section structures, are derived. An interplay of flexoelectricity and piezoelectricity in different circumstances is assessed for three different materials, namely, barium titanate (BaTiO3), Er-doped BST ceramic (Ba1-xTi0.96Sn0.04O3 + x mol. % Er), and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), for transverse and longitudinal modes. In the transverse mode, BaTiO3 and BST are found to dominate at a beam thickness of 5 μm, while at 100 μm, PVDF shows substantially higher magnitudes of electromechanical coupling coefficients. A similar trend for the electromechanical coupling coefficient is observed in the longitudinal mode. PVDF has a very low magnitude of figure of merit in the transverse mode as compared to the other two materials (0.65% of BST and 0.71% of BaTiO3), while in the longitudinal mode, the figure of merit of PVDF exceeds the other two materials by a large magnitude (197 times of BST and 285 times of BaTiO3).
The homogeneous isotropic electro–microstretch viscoelastic solids have been taken into considera... more The homogeneous isotropic electro–microstretch viscoelastic solids have been taken into consideration for investigating the propagation of plane waves and fundamental solution. For two dimensional model, it is found that there exists two coupled longitudinal waves namely longitudinal displacement (LD) wave and longitudinal microstretch (LM) wave and two coupled transverse displacement and transverse microrotational waves (CD-I and CD-II). The phase velocities, attenuation coefficients, specific loss, penetration depth are computed numerically. The resulting quantities are depicted graphically to show the viscous effect. In addition, we construct the fundamental solution of the system of differential equations in the theory of an electro-microstretch viscoelastic solids in case of steady oscillations in terms of elementary functions. Some basic properties of the fundamental solution are established. Some special cases are also discussed.
4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G fa... more 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G families of standards. With increasing end user demands for wider service due to the rapid growth and variety of IT (information technology) industry, the service with the data rate of 30 Mbps cannot accommodate the future mobile multimedia environment. Therefore, worldwide radio and mobile communication institutes and companies started the R & D of 4G mobile communications system. The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G. 4G seems to be the solution for the growing user requirements of wireless broadband access and the limitations of the existing wireless communication. The goal of this generation is to produce specifications for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency and greater spectral efficiency. This paper is provides technological features of an existing 4G communication ...
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Papers by Saurav Sharma