Introduction and overview drawing preparation plan, site plan, elevation, section, axonometric an... more Introduction and overview drawing preparation plan, site plan, elevation, section, axonometric and perspective basic renering techniques composition, layout, and lettering composition of drawing components reprographic techniques portfolio of professional work.
Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different ... more Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different degrees, ranging from complete enclosure to openness. These degrees of enclosure are characterized either by subtle or often exuberant display of interplay between solids and voids. Mass and wall are the key features that play an important role in the formation of any specific relationship that develops between solids and voids. The level of relationship between wall and mass therefore is critical in shaping the overall appearance of the work. As we look back in time, walls were simply used as means of enclosing the space that was to hold specific functions. Here the obvious priority is assigned to the space and the walls are simply enslaved in order of hierarchy. But, as the history of the built environment progressed with time, this pattern of relationship was challenged and being experimented by various architects. The experiments ranged from subtle variations in the thickness of wall...
Analysis Throughout history, the notion of ‘precedent’ has always provided conceptual models to s... more Analysis Throughout history, the notion of ‘precedent’ has always provided conceptual models to serve the quest for appropriate architectural forms. It is a relatively recent phenomenon that considers architecture through a veil of literary metaphors. Since the end product of architecture is a built outcome, the most basic theoretical stance must be supported in turn by a few fundamental grammars. That grammar must need to be expressed physically, which could demonstrate the adaptation of a theory into successful acceptable architectural solutions with a certain degree of clarity. Such was the case with Le Corbusier’s ‘Five Points of the New Architecture’ published in 1926. The design and construction of Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier (1928-31) gave an equally seductive physical expression to the ‘five points’ idea. In turn it provided a collective iconic precedent. Conversely, when analyzed, the built work of Villa Savoye was clearly able to demonstrate the principles of ‘five points...
In recent years much avant-garde architectural work has been dominated by a process based theoret... more In recent years much avant-garde architectural work has been dominated by a process based theoretical paradigm, inspired largely by various thinkers, critics, and philosophers. This particular ‘process practice’ attempts to address the paradox at the heart of contemporary production, by looking dialectically at the relationship between structure and ornament in nature with brainstorming and use of computer simulation. The goal of this paper is to develop a computer optimized system that can generate solutions for defining spaces involving a number of contextual relationships of activities. In particular, this research undertakes a pilot study (working team: Ashik Vaskor Mannan, Masrur Mamun Mithun, Lau Hon Yee Damien) on pattern and behavior in nature and implements the findings in to an architectural problem. The Initial Research focuses on Theory of emergence, Analysis of swarm behavior, and Analysis of ant system. Specific urban sites with different behavior patterns are chosen i...
Digital Architecture is the only guide that shows you how to create accomplished computer drawing... more Digital Architecture is the only guide that shows you how to create accomplished computer drawings by displaying and explaining the work of many of today's most justly celebrated design professionals. It gives you the foundation to understand how these international masters so deftly exploited computers, by providing a clear overview of the hardware, software, and input and output devices involved in digital media. It then showcases the conceptual studies, desktop formats, 3D renderings, digital hybrids, and animation of more than 50 top designers and firms. Each project comes with a succinct explanation of the design concept, drawing techniques, hardware and software used, and output media involved. Featuring an easy-to-use, loose-leaf format, Digital Architecture will be your ongoing reference on hybrid digital representation and an endless source of ideas and inspiration.
Creation of 3D modeling and Virtual Reality Models are not new, but the use of game engines to po... more Creation of 3D modeling and Virtual Reality Models are not new, but the use of game engines to power real-time interactivity with multiple users for architecture is very recent. There is very little doubt that Virtual Reality promises significant advances in architecture and virtual 3D representation. It is an area that needs to be explored further by architects and designers. Recent expansion of virtual reality technology has been possible due to game engines. In architecture, the game engine can serve a much important role than visualization, which includes understanding the language of architecture itself. Proponents of Virtual Reality believe that user performance such as collaboration or learning can be improved via immersion or giving an enhanced sense of “being there”. That is what distinguishes Virtual Reality from preceding 3D technologies: the sense of immediacy and control created by interaction and continuously changing visual display. When the subject comes to architect...
This first-time guide to the technique of axonometric drawing focuses exclusively on how to const... more This first-time guide to the technique of axonometric drawing focuses exclusively on how to construct such drawings and put them to work. Chapters progress from basic paraline drawing through rendering, presentation, composition, layout, text, reprographic techniques, and fully integrated presentations. There are explanations of how to integrate axonometrics into other drawings for greater emphasis and dramatization; and in addition, a large portfolio of finisghed design and presentation drawings is included, with an explanatory text of how each was created. A chapter on freehand drawing helps users render with technical or fine-point felt-tipped pens.
Although technological changes have arrived within the architectural profession at a slower pace ... more Although technological changes have arrived within the architectural profession at a slower pace than other fields, the recent use of 3D modelling and multimedia applications portrays significant changes that are occurring currently in the field of architectural visualisation and design representation. Architects and designers have begun to experiment very recently with the digital media that reaches beyond the purpose of mere presentation or documentation in Auto CAD. Compared to the invention of still photography and its elaboration into the motion picture, architectural drawing formats and conventions have lagged behind. Before the advent of electronic technology, there were no new drawing types since the invention of perspective theory in the Fifteenth Century. The theory of axonometric drawing or parallel projection, another convention of three-dimensional drawing, also dates back to the time period of the Italian Renaissance. If a new approach could be achieved that would brin...
The complete hybrid drawing sourcebook Hybrid drawings offer limitless possibilities for the fusi... more The complete hybrid drawing sourcebook Hybrid drawings offer limitless possibilities for the fusion and superimposition of ideas, media, and techniques-powerful creative tools for effective and innovative architectural graphic presentation. This unique guide offers a dynamic introduction to these drawings and how they are created, with a stunning color portfolio of presentation-quality examples that give full visual expression to the power and potential of hybrid drawing techniques. Featuring the work of dozens of internationally recognized architects and firms, including Takefumi Aida, Helmut Jahn of Murphy/Jahn Architects, Morphosis, Eric Owen Moss, NBBJ Sports & Entertainment, Smith-Miller & Hawkinson, and Bernard Tschumi Architects, the book's visual examples are accompanied by descriptive and analytical commentary that gives valuable practical insight into the background of each project, along with essential information on the design concept and the drawing process. Combini...
Architecture has the strongest educational ties to geometric organization because of the necessit... more Architecture has the strongest educational ties to geometric organization because of the necessity for order and efficiency in construction, three-dimensional space composition, and the desire to create aesthetically pleasing structures. Kimberly Elam, the author of “Geometry of Design” mentions, “Too often as a design professional and educator I have seen excellent conceptual ideas suffer during the process of realization, in large part because of the designer did not understand the visual principles of geometric composition. These principles include an understanding of classic proportioning systems such as the golden section and root rectangles, as well as ratios and proportion, interrelationships of form, and regulating lines.” With the primary objective of linking art and architecture through observation, analysis, and composition, this paper demonstrates beginning studio projects where geometry, pattern and kinetics are exercised to enhance understanding of two-dimensional patt...
Let whoever may have attained to so much as to have the power of drawing know that he holds a gre... more Let whoever may have attained to so much as to have the power of drawing know that he holds a great treasure ... Michelangelo The tradition of architectural drawings and making as a means of design thinking in a constant feedback loop results in discoveries that facilitate creative thinking in an iterative process. In the digital age, notion of drawing and making by hand as a cognitive process of thinking is fading. This trend is increasingly evident in upper-level architecture students who depend strictly on digital tools for design thinking, missing many critical decisionmaking steps. Concepts of scale, diagramming, composition, materiality are missing − part of the challenge is the computer screen and the lack of tactical autonomy with physical materials − pen, pencil, brush, architectural scale, materiality, construction, assemblage. How can we as educators assert that drawings are not just architectural representations, but a means to architectural inquiry? Why is it critical f...
Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different ... more Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different degrees, ranging from complete enclosure to openness. These degrees of enclosure are characterized either by subtle or often exuberant display of interplay between solids and voids. Mass and wall are the key features that play an important role in the formation of any specific relationship that develops between solids and voids. The level of relationship between wall and mass therefore is critical in shaping the overall appearance of the work. As we look back in time, walls were simply used as means of enclosing the space that was to hold specific functions. Here the obvious priority is assigned to the space and the walls are simply enslaved in order of hierarchy. But, as the history of the built environment progressed with time, this pattern of relationship was challenged and being experimented by various architects. The experiments ranged from subtle variations in the thickness of wall with regard to the associated mass, or by emphasizing its existence by the use of varying height, color, texture, etc., or even by separating it from the mass that was believed to be the mother form in earlier days. Instead of being secondary to the space it enclosed, walls started taking the primary role in terms of announcing its existence. This of course is not the only path taken by architects. As always, design concept and approaches vary from one person to the other and so does the ultimate result. This change in the pattern of relationship plays a major role in developing the formal language of contemporary architecture which needs to be acknowledged. The aim of this paper is to identify the distinct deviations in the pattern of relationship between mass and wall by depicting some of the significant works of 20th century. The role of 3D computer modeling and various animation techniques to illustrate these analytical ideas is a highlight of the presentation.
It is debatable whether design can be taught. Frank Lloyd Wright himself mentioned that architect... more It is debatable whether design can be taught. Frank Lloyd Wright himself mentioned that architecture should be taught by its principles, discerning the principles underlying in works by various architects. In the absence of thoroughly satisfactory methods of combining various means of digital representation for analysis, this paper investigates the features of 3D computer models; in particular, its animation environment to aid graphic analysis of built forms. Computer 3D animations, which are generated from 3D models, have an unparalleled capability to demonstrate spatial experience. Animations can also manipulate the constitute components of the spatial structure, thus illustrating analytically the composition of a building or object. The most signifi cant aspect of 3D animation is in its fl exibility of manipulation of various physical and rendering attributes of a 3D model. For the purpose of case study analysis, Richard Meier's Atheneum in New Harmony, Indiana is chosen for its clarity in design elements and demonstration of applicable principles. Through various animation clips, the basic techniques are illustrated as an effective method of communicating concepts of graphic analysis.
Introduction and overview drawing preparation plan, site plan, elevation, section, axonometric an... more Introduction and overview drawing preparation plan, site plan, elevation, section, axonometric and perspective basic renering techniques composition, layout, and lettering composition of drawing components reprographic techniques portfolio of professional work.
Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different ... more Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different degrees, ranging from complete enclosure to openness. These degrees of enclosure are characterized either by subtle or often exuberant display of interplay between solids and voids. Mass and wall are the key features that play an important role in the formation of any specific relationship that develops between solids and voids. The level of relationship between wall and mass therefore is critical in shaping the overall appearance of the work. As we look back in time, walls were simply used as means of enclosing the space that was to hold specific functions. Here the obvious priority is assigned to the space and the walls are simply enslaved in order of hierarchy. But, as the history of the built environment progressed with time, this pattern of relationship was challenged and being experimented by various architects. The experiments ranged from subtle variations in the thickness of wall...
Analysis Throughout history, the notion of ‘precedent’ has always provided conceptual models to s... more Analysis Throughout history, the notion of ‘precedent’ has always provided conceptual models to serve the quest for appropriate architectural forms. It is a relatively recent phenomenon that considers architecture through a veil of literary metaphors. Since the end product of architecture is a built outcome, the most basic theoretical stance must be supported in turn by a few fundamental grammars. That grammar must need to be expressed physically, which could demonstrate the adaptation of a theory into successful acceptable architectural solutions with a certain degree of clarity. Such was the case with Le Corbusier’s ‘Five Points of the New Architecture’ published in 1926. The design and construction of Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier (1928-31) gave an equally seductive physical expression to the ‘five points’ idea. In turn it provided a collective iconic precedent. Conversely, when analyzed, the built work of Villa Savoye was clearly able to demonstrate the principles of ‘five points...
In recent years much avant-garde architectural work has been dominated by a process based theoret... more In recent years much avant-garde architectural work has been dominated by a process based theoretical paradigm, inspired largely by various thinkers, critics, and philosophers. This particular ‘process practice’ attempts to address the paradox at the heart of contemporary production, by looking dialectically at the relationship between structure and ornament in nature with brainstorming and use of computer simulation. The goal of this paper is to develop a computer optimized system that can generate solutions for defining spaces involving a number of contextual relationships of activities. In particular, this research undertakes a pilot study (working team: Ashik Vaskor Mannan, Masrur Mamun Mithun, Lau Hon Yee Damien) on pattern and behavior in nature and implements the findings in to an architectural problem. The Initial Research focuses on Theory of emergence, Analysis of swarm behavior, and Analysis of ant system. Specific urban sites with different behavior patterns are chosen i...
Digital Architecture is the only guide that shows you how to create accomplished computer drawing... more Digital Architecture is the only guide that shows you how to create accomplished computer drawings by displaying and explaining the work of many of today's most justly celebrated design professionals. It gives you the foundation to understand how these international masters so deftly exploited computers, by providing a clear overview of the hardware, software, and input and output devices involved in digital media. It then showcases the conceptual studies, desktop formats, 3D renderings, digital hybrids, and animation of more than 50 top designers and firms. Each project comes with a succinct explanation of the design concept, drawing techniques, hardware and software used, and output media involved. Featuring an easy-to-use, loose-leaf format, Digital Architecture will be your ongoing reference on hybrid digital representation and an endless source of ideas and inspiration.
Creation of 3D modeling and Virtual Reality Models are not new, but the use of game engines to po... more Creation of 3D modeling and Virtual Reality Models are not new, but the use of game engines to power real-time interactivity with multiple users for architecture is very recent. There is very little doubt that Virtual Reality promises significant advances in architecture and virtual 3D representation. It is an area that needs to be explored further by architects and designers. Recent expansion of virtual reality technology has been possible due to game engines. In architecture, the game engine can serve a much important role than visualization, which includes understanding the language of architecture itself. Proponents of Virtual Reality believe that user performance such as collaboration or learning can be improved via immersion or giving an enhanced sense of “being there”. That is what distinguishes Virtual Reality from preceding 3D technologies: the sense of immediacy and control created by interaction and continuously changing visual display. When the subject comes to architect...
This first-time guide to the technique of axonometric drawing focuses exclusively on how to const... more This first-time guide to the technique of axonometric drawing focuses exclusively on how to construct such drawings and put them to work. Chapters progress from basic paraline drawing through rendering, presentation, composition, layout, text, reprographic techniques, and fully integrated presentations. There are explanations of how to integrate axonometrics into other drawings for greater emphasis and dramatization; and in addition, a large portfolio of finisghed design and presentation drawings is included, with an explanatory text of how each was created. A chapter on freehand drawing helps users render with technical or fine-point felt-tipped pens.
Although technological changes have arrived within the architectural profession at a slower pace ... more Although technological changes have arrived within the architectural profession at a slower pace than other fields, the recent use of 3D modelling and multimedia applications portrays significant changes that are occurring currently in the field of architectural visualisation and design representation. Architects and designers have begun to experiment very recently with the digital media that reaches beyond the purpose of mere presentation or documentation in Auto CAD. Compared to the invention of still photography and its elaboration into the motion picture, architectural drawing formats and conventions have lagged behind. Before the advent of electronic technology, there were no new drawing types since the invention of perspective theory in the Fifteenth Century. The theory of axonometric drawing or parallel projection, another convention of three-dimensional drawing, also dates back to the time period of the Italian Renaissance. If a new approach could be achieved that would brin...
The complete hybrid drawing sourcebook Hybrid drawings offer limitless possibilities for the fusi... more The complete hybrid drawing sourcebook Hybrid drawings offer limitless possibilities for the fusion and superimposition of ideas, media, and techniques-powerful creative tools for effective and innovative architectural graphic presentation. This unique guide offers a dynamic introduction to these drawings and how they are created, with a stunning color portfolio of presentation-quality examples that give full visual expression to the power and potential of hybrid drawing techniques. Featuring the work of dozens of internationally recognized architects and firms, including Takefumi Aida, Helmut Jahn of Murphy/Jahn Architects, Morphosis, Eric Owen Moss, NBBJ Sports & Entertainment, Smith-Miller & Hawkinson, and Bernard Tschumi Architects, the book's visual examples are accompanied by descriptive and analytical commentary that gives valuable practical insight into the background of each project, along with essential information on the design concept and the drawing process. Combini...
Architecture has the strongest educational ties to geometric organization because of the necessit... more Architecture has the strongest educational ties to geometric organization because of the necessity for order and efficiency in construction, three-dimensional space composition, and the desire to create aesthetically pleasing structures. Kimberly Elam, the author of “Geometry of Design” mentions, “Too often as a design professional and educator I have seen excellent conceptual ideas suffer during the process of realization, in large part because of the designer did not understand the visual principles of geometric composition. These principles include an understanding of classic proportioning systems such as the golden section and root rectangles, as well as ratios and proportion, interrelationships of form, and regulating lines.” With the primary objective of linking art and architecture through observation, analysis, and composition, this paper demonstrates beginning studio projects where geometry, pattern and kinetics are exercised to enhance understanding of two-dimensional patt...
Let whoever may have attained to so much as to have the power of drawing know that he holds a gre... more Let whoever may have attained to so much as to have the power of drawing know that he holds a great treasure ... Michelangelo The tradition of architectural drawings and making as a means of design thinking in a constant feedback loop results in discoveries that facilitate creative thinking in an iterative process. In the digital age, notion of drawing and making by hand as a cognitive process of thinking is fading. This trend is increasingly evident in upper-level architecture students who depend strictly on digital tools for design thinking, missing many critical decisionmaking steps. Concepts of scale, diagramming, composition, materiality are missing − part of the challenge is the computer screen and the lack of tactical autonomy with physical materials − pen, pencil, brush, architectural scale, materiality, construction, assemblage. How can we as educators assert that drawings are not just architectural representations, but a means to architectural inquiry? Why is it critical f...
Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different ... more Architecture in reality is perceived mainly through the display of space enclosures of different degrees, ranging from complete enclosure to openness. These degrees of enclosure are characterized either by subtle or often exuberant display of interplay between solids and voids. Mass and wall are the key features that play an important role in the formation of any specific relationship that develops between solids and voids. The level of relationship between wall and mass therefore is critical in shaping the overall appearance of the work. As we look back in time, walls were simply used as means of enclosing the space that was to hold specific functions. Here the obvious priority is assigned to the space and the walls are simply enslaved in order of hierarchy. But, as the history of the built environment progressed with time, this pattern of relationship was challenged and being experimented by various architects. The experiments ranged from subtle variations in the thickness of wall with regard to the associated mass, or by emphasizing its existence by the use of varying height, color, texture, etc., or even by separating it from the mass that was believed to be the mother form in earlier days. Instead of being secondary to the space it enclosed, walls started taking the primary role in terms of announcing its existence. This of course is not the only path taken by architects. As always, design concept and approaches vary from one person to the other and so does the ultimate result. This change in the pattern of relationship plays a major role in developing the formal language of contemporary architecture which needs to be acknowledged. The aim of this paper is to identify the distinct deviations in the pattern of relationship between mass and wall by depicting some of the significant works of 20th century. The role of 3D computer modeling and various animation techniques to illustrate these analytical ideas is a highlight of the presentation.
It is debatable whether design can be taught. Frank Lloyd Wright himself mentioned that architect... more It is debatable whether design can be taught. Frank Lloyd Wright himself mentioned that architecture should be taught by its principles, discerning the principles underlying in works by various architects. In the absence of thoroughly satisfactory methods of combining various means of digital representation for analysis, this paper investigates the features of 3D computer models; in particular, its animation environment to aid graphic analysis of built forms. Computer 3D animations, which are generated from 3D models, have an unparalleled capability to demonstrate spatial experience. Animations can also manipulate the constitute components of the spatial structure, thus illustrating analytically the composition of a building or object. The most signifi cant aspect of 3D animation is in its fl exibility of manipulation of various physical and rendering attributes of a 3D model. For the purpose of case study analysis, Richard Meier's Atheneum in New Harmony, Indiana is chosen for its clarity in design elements and demonstration of applicable principles. Through various animation clips, the basic techniques are illustrated as an effective method of communicating concepts of graphic analysis.
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