Papers by Salah Al-Shukri
Journal of Molecular Structure, 2015
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011
Four cyclolinear poly (aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes) derived from poly [4, 4′-(isopropoylidene) di... more Four cyclolinear poly (aryloxycyclotriphosphazenes) derived from poly [4, 4′-(isopropoylidene) diphenoxytetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene] and poly [4, 4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenoxytetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene] were synthesized ...
In this study, the entrapment of 25 mole percent epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-25) within the ma... more In this study, the entrapment of 25 mole percent epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-25) within the matrix of organocyclotriphosphazene has been explored. Two different matrices, tight and loose were prepared via a one-step condensation polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (CTP) with 2-hydroxyaniline (o-aminophenol) or 4hydroxyaniline (p-aminophenol) in molar ratio (1:3) in the presence of 25-mole percent epoxidized natural rubber resulting, PO2APC/ENR-25 and PO4APC/ENR-25, respectively. The morphology study of PO2APC/ENR-25 showed two separated entities present at the surface of the material, indicating that the entrapment of ENR-25 chains within the tight matrix (1-oxy-2-minophenyl)cyclotriphosphazene (PO2APC) seized to happen. On the other hand, the morphology of PO4APC/ENR-25 showed a very smooth and homogenous surface texture, indicating the effective entrapment and uniform dispersion of the ENR-25 chains within the loose matrix (1-oxy-4minophenyl)cyclotriphosphazene (PO4...
New unsaturated maleamic acid (USMA) was synthesized by the reaction of maleic anhydride with4ami... more New unsaturated maleamic acid (USMA) was synthesized by the reaction of maleic anhydride with4aminobenzoic acid in acetone. USMA was crosslinkedwith styrene monomers in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Subsequently the terminal carboxylic groupsof USMA-styrene reacted with epoxy resin in the presence of triethyl amine, affordedstyrenatedpoly(ester -amide) resin(SPEM). The structures of the obtained products were characterized by FT:IR, HNMR and C.H.N elemental analysis. The newSPEMresin was reinforced with 10wt.% of Zeolite, Bentonite and Silica. The thermal properties of the reinforcedSPEM resins were investigated by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). SPEM resin(Zeolite bentonite and silica) showed enhanced thermooxidative stability compare to fillers free SPEM resin, and TG curves showed presence of char yield of about 33% up to 700C.
A new tris-spiro-(3,4-dioxybenzaldehyde)cyclotriphosphazene [PNCHO] was synthesized from the cond... more A new tris-spiro-(3,4-dioxybenzaldehyde)cyclotriphosphazene [PNCHO] was synthesized from the condensation of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of strong base. Further reaction of the trialdehydic cyclotriphosphazene based molecules [PNCHO] with three different dianilines (benzidine, 4,4’-methylenedianiline and 4,4′-Sulfonyldianiline) resulted in creation of a new poly(tris-spiro-3,4-dioxbenzene)cyclotriphosphazenes with Schiff-base groups [PNSB1-3]. The structures of [PNCHO] and the polycyclotriphosphazenes-schiff base derivatives were characterized by means of FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR and C.H.N elemental analysis. Differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) revealed a relatively high glass transition temperature (135−175°C) of obtained polymers. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) exhibited their good thermal stability (up to 375°C). The char yield was about 36–42% at 700°C. All polymers were self-extinguishable as the LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index) val...
New epoxidized, p-cresol novolac resin (PCN) and p-ethyl phenol novolac resin (PEPN) where synthe... more New epoxidized, p-cresol novolac resin (PCN) and p-ethyl phenol novolac resin (PEPN) where synthesized from the reaction of p-cresol or p-ethyl phenol with formaldehyde in molar ratio 1:0:0:8 in the presence of oxalic acid as a catalyst. Subsequently, the obtained products wee reacted with substantial amount of epichlorohydrin at 90°C in basic medium affording EPCN and EPEPN, respectively. Two different crosslink agents, ethylenediamine (EDA) and hexamethylenetetamine (HMTA) were used as crosslink agent for curing of the epoxy novolac resins EPNC and EPEPN. The structure of PCN and PEPN were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopies. The thermal properties of cured EPCN and EPEPN were investigated using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The cured products showed better thermal stability when HMTA used as a crosslink agent. The adhesive strength of the new epoxy novolacs were measured on wood-wood bonding joints by means of compression-, tensile-, strain-, bending-, shear stre...
New epoxidized, p-cresol novolac resin (PCN) and p-ethyl phenol novolac resin (PEPN) where synthe... more New epoxidized, p-cresol novolac resin (PCN) and p-ethyl phenol novolac resin (PEPN) where synthesized from the reaction of p-cresol or p-ethyl phenol with formaldehyde in molar ratio 1:0:0:8 in the presence of oxalic acid as a catalyst. Subsequently, the obtained products wee reacted with substantial amount of epichlorohydrin at 90°C in basic medium affording EPCN and EPEPN, respectively. Two different crosslink agents, ethylenediamine (EDA) and hexamethylenetetamine (HMTA) were used as crosslink agent for curing of the epoxy novolac resins EPNC and EPEPN. The structure of PCN and PEPN were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopies. The thermal properties of cured EPCN and EPEPN were investigated using thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The cured products showed better thermal stability when HMTA used as a crosslink agent. The adhesive strength of the new epoxy novolacs were measured on wood-wood bonding joints by means of compression-, tensile-, strain-, bending-, shear strength, and modulus of elasticity. The results showed better mechanical properties when EDA used as a crosslink agent.
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Papers by Salah Al-Shukri