Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases, 2023
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) or Angara disease is an immunosuppression and contagiou... more Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) or Angara disease is an immunosuppression and contagious disease that often occurs in broiler poultry farms with a high mortality rate and sudden death. Furthermore, weight loss and sudden death have a significant and apparent economic impact on poultry farms, especially in fast-growing countries. Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a causative agent of HHS found in various animals, such as chicken. It causes rapid death and outbreak in young broiler farms, with an accumulation of jelly-like and straw-colored liquid in the heart pericardium, swollen and pale liver, heart muscles petechial and ecchymosis hemorrhages, swollen and pale kidneys, and atrophy thymus seen in gross pathology. Age, host, farm management, biosecurity plan, co-infectious, and level of immunity are risk factors for HHS. Angara is mainly found in Asian countries in Central and South America. The disease is transmitted vertically, like egg-transmitted, and horizontally by oral-fecal route. Rapid diagnostics and active monitoring systems in poultry farms can prevent and control Angara disease in farms. Vaccination and farm-specific biosecurity strategies reduce the initiation of outbreaks in farms. Treatment is based on activating humoral immunity against the virus, similar to vaccination.
Gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are one of the major causes of productivity loss.Th... more Gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are one of the major causes of productivity loss.This study was carried out to determine the correlation between the prevalence, seasonal incidence and geographical distribution January 12, 2011of abomasal worm infection of native sheep in 3 different climatic zones of Iran, suitable for animal husbandry. From March 2008 to February 2009 the contents of abomasums of 341 sheep from Mazanderan province (Zone I), 318 from Isfahan province (zone II) and 390 from Khuzestan province (Zone III) were washed separately in a 100 mesh sieve. The worms present in each abomasum were collected separately, counted and preserved in 70% alcohol containing 5% glycerin for identification to the species. T he overall percentage of infection was 30.98% and Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Marshallagia marshalli, Ostertagia occidentalis, Ostertagia trifurcata and Parabronema skrjabini were 6 species identified in all 3 studied areas. The overall prevalence rate and intensity of worm's burden as representative of Iran, as well as in each of 3 different climatic zones were low, although Teladorsagia circumcincta was the most prevalent and frequent worm species found. Using Chi-Square and ANOVA, no significant relationship was found between prevalence, season, age and sex in 3 regions, although the intensity of worm burden in zone I was significantly higher than the other two zones (P= 0.011).
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, Jun 1, 2016
Abstract In the present study the effects of encapsulation with alginate and chitosan, with or wi... more Abstract In the present study the effects of encapsulation with alginate and chitosan, with or without inulin, on viability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in apple juice during 90 days storage at 4 and 25 °C were evaluated. Moreover, the probiotic survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and sensory attributes during apple juice storage were investigated. The survival rate of free bacteria decreased to 13.6% through the storage. The encapsulated L. rhamnosus experienced greater survival rate which was 4.5 times higher than that of free bacteria at day 90. Encapsulation of L. rhamnosus improved bacterial viability since 27.7% of bacterial population survived gastrointestinal transition model. Furthermore, inulin addition had a significant positive effect (p
Background Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause substantial mortality and morbidity. The pre... more Background Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause substantial mortality and morbidity. The present study reported and analysed the burden of LRIs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, etiology, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Methods The data used in this study were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. The annual incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to LRIs were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100,000 population, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The average annual percent changes (AAPC) in the age-standardised incidence, death and DALYs rates were calculated using Joinpoint software and correlations (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) between the AAPCs and SDIs were calculated using Stata software. Results In 2019, there were 34.1 million (95% UI 31.7–36.8) incident cases of LRIs in MENA, with an age-standardised rate of 6510.2 (95% UI 6063.6–...
Background and Aim: Understanding the epidemiology of outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne disea... more Background and Aim: Understanding the epidemiology of outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases is essential for adopting prevention and control strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reported outbreaks in Iran during 2012-2018. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, secondary data extracted from reports of outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases submitted to the Ministry of Health, the Centers for Communicable Disease Control, from 2012 to 2018. Epidemiological trends and aspects of outbreaks were analyzed according to etiologic factors, location of the outbreak, food vehicles, month, year and geographic location. Results: Between 2012 and 2018, 20615 food and waterborne disease outbreaks were reported, resulting in 158650 illnesses, 19664 hospitalizations, and 288 deaths. The cause of the outbreak of waterborne and foodborne illness has been identified in only 40% of cases based on laboratory results. The most common cause was Escherich...
Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 is endemic in Iran and its large-scale circulation in the poultr... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 is endemic in Iran and its large-scale circulation in the poultry industry of the country is devastating. This virus was first reported in the industrial poultry populations of Iran in July 1998. Some of the published studies showed that inactivated avian influenza (AI) vaccines are capable of inducing an immune response and providing protection against morbidity and mortality in different countries (Vasfi et al., 2002; Tavakkoli et al., 2011). Low pathogenicity avian influenza subtype H9N2 virus has been reported to have a zoonotic potential and widespread distribution in Iran. Therefore, water-in-oil emulsion vaccines are employed to control the disease in chickens (Nili and Asasi, 2003). This cohort study was conducted during July 2016-November 2017 in broiler chicken farms of Qazvin province, Iran to investigate the serological change trends in broiler chickens in this region. Level of immunity against the H9N2 virus was evaluated by hemagglutina...
Background: Blastocystis is the most common anaerobic protozoa living in the large intestine of a... more Background: Blastocystis is the most common anaerobic protozoa living in the large intestine of a broad spectrum of vertebrates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the Blastocystis infection rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: A total of 80 stool samples were collected from IBD-proved patients. All stool samples were cultivated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and checked by light microscopy for detection of Blastocystis. The Correlation between demographic data of IBD patients and Blastocystis was calculated using SPSS 23. Results: The enrolled patients comprised of 52 (65%) men and 28 (35%) women. The study showed Blastocystis in 16/80 (20%) of the samples by microscopic examination and culture method. The parasite was seen among 12 (23.08%) and 4 (14.29%) men and women, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between infection with the parasite and animal contact. Fisher’s exact test represented that there w...
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medetomidine on left ventricular outf... more The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medetomidine on left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocity in domestic short-haired cats. Eighteen healthy adult male domestic short-haired cats were used for this study. All animals were client-owned. Echocardiography machine with 7.50 MHz transducer was used. Specific veterinary two-dimensional and pulse-waved echocardiogram images in apical five chamber right parasternal view were obtained and blood velocity in LVOT was calculated. After baseline echocardiographic recordings, 0.04 mg kg-1 of medetomidine was intramuscularly administered to each animal and LVOT velocity was calculated after 15 (T15), 50 (T30) and 80 (T80) min following drug administration. The LVOT velocity values (mean SEM) of cats in baseline were 1.06 0.04 m sec-1. There were significant differences between baseline and T15 and T30 regarding mean LVOT values. Age and weight had no significant effect on LVOT velocity values. The LVOT velocity values...
Summary Reovirus infections are actually related to a lot of disease conditions with different cl... more Summary Reovirus infections are actually related to a lot of disease conditions with different clinical manifestations. Reoviruses have been isolated from a variety of tissues in poultry, suffering from different disease conditions including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis, stunting syndrome, respiratory disease, enteric disease, immunosuppression and malabsorption syndrome. Economic losses related to reoviral infections are frequently associated with increased mortality, viral arthritis/tenosynovitis and general lack of performance, including diminished weight gains, high feed conversions, uneven growth rates and reduced marketability of the affected birds. The aim of this survey was to study the prevalence of reoviral infection of broiler chickens in Tehran province. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method from sera in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. The selected sera had been collected from different slaughterhouses of Tehran province during 2004 to 2005. Co...
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for a high number of deaths in males with no available curative tr... more Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for a high number of deaths in males with no available curative treatments. Patients with PCa are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages. Recently, the research focus was directed toward gene editing in cancer therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) intervention is considered as a powerful tool for gene silencing (knockdown), enabling the suppression of oncogene factors in cancer. This strategy is applied to the treatment of various cancers including PCa. The siRNA can inhibit proliferation and invasion of PCa cells and is able to promote the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents. However, the off-target effects of siRNA therapy remarkably reduce its efficacy in PCa therapy. To date, various carriers were designed to improve the delivery of siRNA and, among them, nanoparticles are of importance. Nanoparticles enable the targeted delivery of siRNAs and enhance their potential in the downregulation o...
In a study on 105 725 cases with an age range of 20-100 years, GFR in Iranian population was esti... more In a study on 105 725 cases with an age range of 20-100 years, GFR in Iranian population was estimated as 111.52 mL/min/1.73m 2 .
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with high economi... more Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with high economic impact. FMD remains endemic in Iran particularly in the livestock-dense province of Khorasan Razavi in northeastern Iran where FMD outbreaks continuously occur. In this study, we aimed to quantify risk factors for the recurrence of FMD outbreaks in Iran by analyzing a time-series of FMD outbreak data from the province of Khorasan Razavi. This study used FMD outbreak data collected from 2012 to 2014. Data were collected by local offices of the Iranian Animal Disease Department and the veterinarian of the veterinary council of the Khorasan Razavi province. An outbreak investigation questionnaire was delivered to 127 farms, including 46 case farms (FMD-infected) and 81 control farms (FMD-free). To quantify and compare the odds of exposure to a risk factor in FMD-infected farms versus FMD-free farms, logistic regression models were built using SPSS software version 16. Our results of multi...
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play crucial role in controlling of inflammato... more The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play crucial role in controlling of inflammatory diseases. But due to the vast side effects of NSAIDs, its use is limited. G2013 or α-L-Guluronic acid is a new NSAID with immunomodulatory features. Considering the leading role of TLRs in inflammatory responses, in this study we aimed to evaluate G2013 cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 molecules. HEK293-TLR2 and HEK293-TLR4 cells were cultured and seeded on 96-well cell plate and MTT assay was performed for detection the viability of the cells after treatment with different concentrations of G2013. HT29 cells were grown and treated with low and high doses of G2013. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, quantitative real-time PCR were performed to assess the TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA synthesis. We found that concentrations of ≤125 µg/ml of G2013 had no apparent cytotoxicity effect on the HEK293-TLR2 and -TLR4 cells. Our results indicated that after G2013...
The protozoan Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), respectively infects canids and rumi... more The protozoan Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), respectively infects canids and ruminants as the most definitive and intermediate hosts. A diagnosis of neosporosis is generally made on the basis of clinical signs together with the detection of high levels of antibodies in serum. The present study compares the serum electrolyte profile (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P) and serum enzyme level (ALP, AST, CPK) of non-infected dogs with those of stray dogs naturally infected with N. caninum. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) revealed that 17 of the 137 analysed serum samples (12.41%) of the stray dogs were seropositive (Sp) to N. caninum. Serum levels of the electrolytes and the enzymes were evaluated in the 17 Sp and 28 seronegative (Sn, 20.44%) dogs using common enzyme kits, spectrophotometry and flame photometry techniques. The average serum level of ALP, AST, and CPK were found to be significantly higher in the Sp stray dogs. Measurements of the average serum levels of Ca, ...
Inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling have been established as a new method for deve... more Inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling have been established as a new method for development of anti-inflammatory drugs instead of NSAIDs (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs). Since the immunomodulatory role of G2013 was reported in some recent experiments, we decided to assess the effects of G2013 (a-L-Guluronic acid) on the protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4, their downstream signaling cascade, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After blood sampling from 16 healthy donors, PBMCs were isolated and treated with/without lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolyteichoic acid (LTA), and G2013. Flow cytometry was done for detecting the protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4. MyD88, IkB, Tollip, and NFkB mRNA expression were assessed by real-time PCR. ELISA was performed for assessing the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6. G2013 at concentration of 25 mg/mL (high dose) significantly down-regulated NF-κB, IkB and MyD88 mR...
Objective: This retrospective survey has been performed to evaluate condemnation rate of poultry ... more Objective: This retrospective survey has been performed to evaluate condemnation rate of poultry carcasses at 28 abattoirs of Tehran province, Capital of Iran. Material and Methods: All daily condemnation records were used as the sources of data. Results: In this survey 214,997,429 poultry were slaughtered and 705,046 (0.33%) poultry carcasses were condemned. Cachexia significantly (p<0.05) leads to carcass rejection in this survey and accounted for 46.57% of total condemnation rejection. Conclusions: This result implies that, in contrast with some other countries, Cachexia is the most frequent reason for poultry carcass condemnation in Iran. The average direct economic loss incurred annually as a result of condemnation of poultry carcasses was estimated as high as 1,621,605 USD. Key Words: poultry carcass, condemnation, economic loss, slaughterhouses, Iran.
In order to deworm the ruminants especially of sheep in Iran, consumption of benzimidazoles has m... more In order to deworm the ruminants especially of sheep in Iran, consumption of benzimidazoles has more than 2 decades history and today farmers are using imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones and mostly benzimidazole compounds (BZs) to treat infected farm animals. It has been demonstrated that the most common molecular mechanism leading to BZsresistance in Haemonchus contortus is a single mutation at amino acid 200 (phenylalanine to tyrosine) of the isotype 1 of beta tubulin gene. According to the report of such mutations in Iranian Teladorsagia circumcincta isolates with Restriction Site Created PCR-RFLP, we decided to evaluate the frequency of such mutations in H. contortus in three different geographical areas of Iran. A total of 102 collected adult male H. contortus were evaluated with PCR-RFLP (using PSP1406I as restriction enzyme). By means of a second step to compare function of different methods and to increase sensitivity of detection mechanism, a third of samples were exami...
Objective To evaluate the effect of acepromazine or xylazine on Schirmer tear test 1 results in c... more Objective To evaluate the effect of acepromazine or xylazine on Schirmer tear test 1 results in clinically normal cats. Animals Sixteen healthy crossbreed cats. Procedure The animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight cats each. The first group was sedated with acepromazine alone (0.2 mg/kg) and the second group received only xylazine (2 mg/kg). All cats had Schirmer tear test (STT) readings taken prior to sedation and at 15 and 25 min postsedation. Results Sedation with acepromazine or xylazine in cats with normal pre-sedation STT 1 values caused a statistically significant decrease in mean values of tear production in both groups. In acepromazine group the mean ± SEM STT at T 15 and T 25 were 4.31 ± 0.98 (P < 0.001) and 5.18 ± 1.07 (P = 0.002). The post-treatment mean ± SEM values in xylazine group were 2.18 ± 0.97 (P < 0.001) and 2.62 ± 1.17 (P = 0.001) at 15 and 25 min respectively. Comparison between T 15 and T 25 in acepromazine group (P = 0.49) and xylazine group (P = 0.56) revealed no significant differences. Conclusion These observations indicate that both acepromazine or xylazine significantly reduced tear production in clinically normal cats. In cats, clinicians should measure STT values prior to utilizing acepromazine or xylazine as sedatives in order to accurately assess the results. Moreover, sterile ocular lubricant or tear replacement should be used as a corneal protectant during sedation with these drugs.
Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases, 2023
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) or Angara disease is an immunosuppression and contagiou... more Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) or Angara disease is an immunosuppression and contagious disease that often occurs in broiler poultry farms with a high mortality rate and sudden death. Furthermore, weight loss and sudden death have a significant and apparent economic impact on poultry farms, especially in fast-growing countries. Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a causative agent of HHS found in various animals, such as chicken. It causes rapid death and outbreak in young broiler farms, with an accumulation of jelly-like and straw-colored liquid in the heart pericardium, swollen and pale liver, heart muscles petechial and ecchymosis hemorrhages, swollen and pale kidneys, and atrophy thymus seen in gross pathology. Age, host, farm management, biosecurity plan, co-infectious, and level of immunity are risk factors for HHS. Angara is mainly found in Asian countries in Central and South America. The disease is transmitted vertically, like egg-transmitted, and horizontally by oral-fecal route. Rapid diagnostics and active monitoring systems in poultry farms can prevent and control Angara disease in farms. Vaccination and farm-specific biosecurity strategies reduce the initiation of outbreaks in farms. Treatment is based on activating humoral immunity against the virus, similar to vaccination.
Gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are one of the major causes of productivity loss.Th... more Gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are one of the major causes of productivity loss.This study was carried out to determine the correlation between the prevalence, seasonal incidence and geographical distribution January 12, 2011of abomasal worm infection of native sheep in 3 different climatic zones of Iran, suitable for animal husbandry. From March 2008 to February 2009 the contents of abomasums of 341 sheep from Mazanderan province (Zone I), 318 from Isfahan province (zone II) and 390 from Khuzestan province (Zone III) were washed separately in a 100 mesh sieve. The worms present in each abomasum were collected separately, counted and preserved in 70% alcohol containing 5% glycerin for identification to the species. T he overall percentage of infection was 30.98% and Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Marshallagia marshalli, Ostertagia occidentalis, Ostertagia trifurcata and Parabronema skrjabini were 6 species identified in all 3 studied areas. The overall prevalence rate and intensity of worm's burden as representative of Iran, as well as in each of 3 different climatic zones were low, although Teladorsagia circumcincta was the most prevalent and frequent worm species found. Using Chi-Square and ANOVA, no significant relationship was found between prevalence, season, age and sex in 3 regions, although the intensity of worm burden in zone I was significantly higher than the other two zones (P= 0.011).
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, Jun 1, 2016
Abstract In the present study the effects of encapsulation with alginate and chitosan, with or wi... more Abstract In the present study the effects of encapsulation with alginate and chitosan, with or without inulin, on viability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in apple juice during 90 days storage at 4 and 25 °C were evaluated. Moreover, the probiotic survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and sensory attributes during apple juice storage were investigated. The survival rate of free bacteria decreased to 13.6% through the storage. The encapsulated L. rhamnosus experienced greater survival rate which was 4.5 times higher than that of free bacteria at day 90. Encapsulation of L. rhamnosus improved bacterial viability since 27.7% of bacterial population survived gastrointestinal transition model. Furthermore, inulin addition had a significant positive effect (p
Background Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause substantial mortality and morbidity. The pre... more Background Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause substantial mortality and morbidity. The present study reported and analysed the burden of LRIs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, etiology, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Methods The data used in this study were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. The annual incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to LRIs were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100,000 population, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The average annual percent changes (AAPC) in the age-standardised incidence, death and DALYs rates were calculated using Joinpoint software and correlations (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) between the AAPCs and SDIs were calculated using Stata software. Results In 2019, there were 34.1 million (95% UI 31.7–36.8) incident cases of LRIs in MENA, with an age-standardised rate of 6510.2 (95% UI 6063.6–...
Background and Aim: Understanding the epidemiology of outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne disea... more Background and Aim: Understanding the epidemiology of outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases is essential for adopting prevention and control strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reported outbreaks in Iran during 2012-2018. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, secondary data extracted from reports of outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne diseases submitted to the Ministry of Health, the Centers for Communicable Disease Control, from 2012 to 2018. Epidemiological trends and aspects of outbreaks were analyzed according to etiologic factors, location of the outbreak, food vehicles, month, year and geographic location. Results: Between 2012 and 2018, 20615 food and waterborne disease outbreaks were reported, resulting in 158650 illnesses, 19664 hospitalizations, and 288 deaths. The cause of the outbreak of waterborne and foodborne illness has been identified in only 40% of cases based on laboratory results. The most common cause was Escherich...
Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 is endemic in Iran and its large-scale circulation in the poultr... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 is endemic in Iran and its large-scale circulation in the poultry industry of the country is devastating. This virus was first reported in the industrial poultry populations of Iran in July 1998. Some of the published studies showed that inactivated avian influenza (AI) vaccines are capable of inducing an immune response and providing protection against morbidity and mortality in different countries (Vasfi et al., 2002; Tavakkoli et al., 2011). Low pathogenicity avian influenza subtype H9N2 virus has been reported to have a zoonotic potential and widespread distribution in Iran. Therefore, water-in-oil emulsion vaccines are employed to control the disease in chickens (Nili and Asasi, 2003). This cohort study was conducted during July 2016-November 2017 in broiler chicken farms of Qazvin province, Iran to investigate the serological change trends in broiler chickens in this region. Level of immunity against the H9N2 virus was evaluated by hemagglutina...
Background: Blastocystis is the most common anaerobic protozoa living in the large intestine of a... more Background: Blastocystis is the most common anaerobic protozoa living in the large intestine of a broad spectrum of vertebrates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the Blastocystis infection rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: A total of 80 stool samples were collected from IBD-proved patients. All stool samples were cultivated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and checked by light microscopy for detection of Blastocystis. The Correlation between demographic data of IBD patients and Blastocystis was calculated using SPSS 23. Results: The enrolled patients comprised of 52 (65%) men and 28 (35%) women. The study showed Blastocystis in 16/80 (20%) of the samples by microscopic examination and culture method. The parasite was seen among 12 (23.08%) and 4 (14.29%) men and women, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between infection with the parasite and animal contact. Fisher’s exact test represented that there w...
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medetomidine on left ventricular outf... more The purpose of the present study was to evaluate effects of medetomidine on left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocity in domestic short-haired cats. Eighteen healthy adult male domestic short-haired cats were used for this study. All animals were client-owned. Echocardiography machine with 7.50 MHz transducer was used. Specific veterinary two-dimensional and pulse-waved echocardiogram images in apical five chamber right parasternal view were obtained and blood velocity in LVOT was calculated. After baseline echocardiographic recordings, 0.04 mg kg-1 of medetomidine was intramuscularly administered to each animal and LVOT velocity was calculated after 15 (T15), 50 (T30) and 80 (T80) min following drug administration. The LVOT velocity values (mean SEM) of cats in baseline were 1.06 0.04 m sec-1. There were significant differences between baseline and T15 and T30 regarding mean LVOT values. Age and weight had no significant effect on LVOT velocity values. The LVOT velocity values...
Summary Reovirus infections are actually related to a lot of disease conditions with different cl... more Summary Reovirus infections are actually related to a lot of disease conditions with different clinical manifestations. Reoviruses have been isolated from a variety of tissues in poultry, suffering from different disease conditions including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis, stunting syndrome, respiratory disease, enteric disease, immunosuppression and malabsorption syndrome. Economic losses related to reoviral infections are frequently associated with increased mortality, viral arthritis/tenosynovitis and general lack of performance, including diminished weight gains, high feed conversions, uneven growth rates and reduced marketability of the affected birds. The aim of this survey was to study the prevalence of reoviral infection of broiler chickens in Tehran province. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method from sera in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. The selected sera had been collected from different slaughterhouses of Tehran province during 2004 to 2005. Co...
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for a high number of deaths in males with no available curative tr... more Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for a high number of deaths in males with no available curative treatments. Patients with PCa are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages. Recently, the research focus was directed toward gene editing in cancer therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) intervention is considered as a powerful tool for gene silencing (knockdown), enabling the suppression of oncogene factors in cancer. This strategy is applied to the treatment of various cancers including PCa. The siRNA can inhibit proliferation and invasion of PCa cells and is able to promote the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents. However, the off-target effects of siRNA therapy remarkably reduce its efficacy in PCa therapy. To date, various carriers were designed to improve the delivery of siRNA and, among them, nanoparticles are of importance. Nanoparticles enable the targeted delivery of siRNAs and enhance their potential in the downregulation o...
In a study on 105 725 cases with an age range of 20-100 years, GFR in Iranian population was esti... more In a study on 105 725 cases with an age range of 20-100 years, GFR in Iranian population was estimated as 111.52 mL/min/1.73m 2 .
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with high economi... more Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with high economic impact. FMD remains endemic in Iran particularly in the livestock-dense province of Khorasan Razavi in northeastern Iran where FMD outbreaks continuously occur. In this study, we aimed to quantify risk factors for the recurrence of FMD outbreaks in Iran by analyzing a time-series of FMD outbreak data from the province of Khorasan Razavi. This study used FMD outbreak data collected from 2012 to 2014. Data were collected by local offices of the Iranian Animal Disease Department and the veterinarian of the veterinary council of the Khorasan Razavi province. An outbreak investigation questionnaire was delivered to 127 farms, including 46 case farms (FMD-infected) and 81 control farms (FMD-free). To quantify and compare the odds of exposure to a risk factor in FMD-infected farms versus FMD-free farms, logistic regression models were built using SPSS software version 16. Our results of multi...
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play crucial role in controlling of inflammato... more The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play crucial role in controlling of inflammatory diseases. But due to the vast side effects of NSAIDs, its use is limited. G2013 or α-L-Guluronic acid is a new NSAID with immunomodulatory features. Considering the leading role of TLRs in inflammatory responses, in this study we aimed to evaluate G2013 cytotoxicity and its effect on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 molecules. HEK293-TLR2 and HEK293-TLR4 cells were cultured and seeded on 96-well cell plate and MTT assay was performed for detection the viability of the cells after treatment with different concentrations of G2013. HT29 cells were grown and treated with low and high doses of G2013. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, quantitative real-time PCR were performed to assess the TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA synthesis. We found that concentrations of ≤125 µg/ml of G2013 had no apparent cytotoxicity effect on the HEK293-TLR2 and -TLR4 cells. Our results indicated that after G2013...
The protozoan Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), respectively infects canids and rumi... more The protozoan Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae), respectively infects canids and ruminants as the most definitive and intermediate hosts. A diagnosis of neosporosis is generally made on the basis of clinical signs together with the detection of high levels of antibodies in serum. The present study compares the serum electrolyte profile (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P) and serum enzyme level (ALP, AST, CPK) of non-infected dogs with those of stray dogs naturally infected with N. caninum. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) revealed that 17 of the 137 analysed serum samples (12.41%) of the stray dogs were seropositive (Sp) to N. caninum. Serum levels of the electrolytes and the enzymes were evaluated in the 17 Sp and 28 seronegative (Sn, 20.44%) dogs using common enzyme kits, spectrophotometry and flame photometry techniques. The average serum level of ALP, AST, and CPK were found to be significantly higher in the Sp stray dogs. Measurements of the average serum levels of Ca, ...
Inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling have been established as a new method for deve... more Inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling have been established as a new method for development of anti-inflammatory drugs instead of NSAIDs (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs). Since the immunomodulatory role of G2013 was reported in some recent experiments, we decided to assess the effects of G2013 (a-L-Guluronic acid) on the protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4, their downstream signaling cascade, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After blood sampling from 16 healthy donors, PBMCs were isolated and treated with/without lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolyteichoic acid (LTA), and G2013. Flow cytometry was done for detecting the protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4. MyD88, IkB, Tollip, and NFkB mRNA expression were assessed by real-time PCR. ELISA was performed for assessing the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6. G2013 at concentration of 25 mg/mL (high dose) significantly down-regulated NF-κB, IkB and MyD88 mR...
Objective: This retrospective survey has been performed to evaluate condemnation rate of poultry ... more Objective: This retrospective survey has been performed to evaluate condemnation rate of poultry carcasses at 28 abattoirs of Tehran province, Capital of Iran. Material and Methods: All daily condemnation records were used as the sources of data. Results: In this survey 214,997,429 poultry were slaughtered and 705,046 (0.33%) poultry carcasses were condemned. Cachexia significantly (p<0.05) leads to carcass rejection in this survey and accounted for 46.57% of total condemnation rejection. Conclusions: This result implies that, in contrast with some other countries, Cachexia is the most frequent reason for poultry carcass condemnation in Iran. The average direct economic loss incurred annually as a result of condemnation of poultry carcasses was estimated as high as 1,621,605 USD. Key Words: poultry carcass, condemnation, economic loss, slaughterhouses, Iran.
In order to deworm the ruminants especially of sheep in Iran, consumption of benzimidazoles has m... more In order to deworm the ruminants especially of sheep in Iran, consumption of benzimidazoles has more than 2 decades history and today farmers are using imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones and mostly benzimidazole compounds (BZs) to treat infected farm animals. It has been demonstrated that the most common molecular mechanism leading to BZsresistance in Haemonchus contortus is a single mutation at amino acid 200 (phenylalanine to tyrosine) of the isotype 1 of beta tubulin gene. According to the report of such mutations in Iranian Teladorsagia circumcincta isolates with Restriction Site Created PCR-RFLP, we decided to evaluate the frequency of such mutations in H. contortus in three different geographical areas of Iran. A total of 102 collected adult male H. contortus were evaluated with PCR-RFLP (using PSP1406I as restriction enzyme). By means of a second step to compare function of different methods and to increase sensitivity of detection mechanism, a third of samples were exami...
Objective To evaluate the effect of acepromazine or xylazine on Schirmer tear test 1 results in c... more Objective To evaluate the effect of acepromazine or xylazine on Schirmer tear test 1 results in clinically normal cats. Animals Sixteen healthy crossbreed cats. Procedure The animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight cats each. The first group was sedated with acepromazine alone (0.2 mg/kg) and the second group received only xylazine (2 mg/kg). All cats had Schirmer tear test (STT) readings taken prior to sedation and at 15 and 25 min postsedation. Results Sedation with acepromazine or xylazine in cats with normal pre-sedation STT 1 values caused a statistically significant decrease in mean values of tear production in both groups. In acepromazine group the mean ± SEM STT at T 15 and T 25 were 4.31 ± 0.98 (P < 0.001) and 5.18 ± 1.07 (P = 0.002). The post-treatment mean ± SEM values in xylazine group were 2.18 ± 0.97 (P < 0.001) and 2.62 ± 1.17 (P = 0.001) at 15 and 25 min respectively. Comparison between T 15 and T 25 in acepromazine group (P = 0.49) and xylazine group (P = 0.56) revealed no significant differences. Conclusion These observations indicate that both acepromazine or xylazine significantly reduced tear production in clinically normal cats. In cats, clinicians should measure STT values prior to utilizing acepromazine or xylazine as sedatives in order to accurately assess the results. Moreover, sterile ocular lubricant or tear replacement should be used as a corneal protectant during sedation with these drugs.
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Papers by Saied Bokaie