Papers by SUTANU KARMAKAR
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2021
The impact of acute and chronic exposure of nonylphenol (NP) on behaviour, histopathology, haemat... more The impact of acute and chronic exposure of nonylphenol (NP) on behaviour, histopathology, haematology and biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) was investigated in the current study. The 96 h LC50 of NP for L. rohita was estimated to be 0.548 mg L-1. Acute toxicity of NP induced several behavioural alternations. Further, sub-lethal NP exposure for a period of sixty days to 1/10th (0.0548 mg L-1), 1/15th (0.0365 mg L-1) and 1/20th (0.0274 mg L-1) of 96 h LC50 resulted a reduction in total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin content whereas the total leukocyte count was observed to increase significantly. Among the biochemical parameters, blood glucose level increased, but there was significant decrease in total serum protein, albumin and globulin level. Significant alterations occurred in the histological architecture of gill tissue in NP exposed groups. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in gill tissues were elevated significantly while the concentration dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was observed on 20th, 40th and 60th day of NP exposure. An increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in gill tissue was also observed in NP exposed groups. The present ecotoxicological study provides a reliable indication for the obligation to control the use and safe disposal of NP.
Journal of Environmental Biology
The study was aimed to assess, in monetary units the services gained from the mangrove ecosystem ... more The study was aimed to assess, in monetary units the services gained from the mangrove ecosystem of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, India and to analyse the people's perception about the importance of mangroves besides their willingness to pay (WTP) for its conservation. Study was conducted with double-bounded dichotomous approach and poll questions were asked to the respondents. A binary logistic regression model was applied to analyse the Willingness to Pay of the respondents to develop and maintain the mangroves. Respondents of the areas were less aware about the ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration which are not directly influencing them. They are highly dependent on the mangrove resources and gaining several benefit which are significant in monetary units. Among the respondents, inland fishers are willing to pay more for mangrove development and maintenance compared to marine fishermen and Gazni farmers. The WTP is further influenced by the socioeconomic parameters such as age, income level, educational status etc. Development and management of mangrove ecosystem could lead to increased ecosystem services, which in term will be implicated on the overall improvement of the socioeconomic standards of the dependent communities.
Aquaculture International
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
and Polynemus paradiseus etc. Different types of marketing intermediaries were involved in the ma... more and Polynemus paradiseus etc. Different types of marketing intermediaries were involved in the marketing system like the fish processor, Beparis, Aratdars, Wholesalers, Retailers and exporters The survey depicts that the maximum dry fish produce from October to January season. The price of dried marine fish varies with the availability, size and quality of the fish species. The transport system, labour and electricity also play a significant role in end price determination. The marketing system is associated with a good employment generation involve men and women in the coastal belt of the state. The main barrier of the sustainable development of the market is unhygienic handling, lack of infrastructure, poor road condition etc.
In order to assess the socio-economic status of the beel dependent people of the selected area (B... more In order to assess the socio-economic status of the beel dependent people of the selected area (Berhampur), a study was carried out on the basis of some important determinants like age, education, family type, caste, income, farming experience, etc. among 581 beel users in four purposively selected beels. Their responses were thoroughly noted, compiled, categorized, and tabulated with suitable interpretations, generalizations and implications. The study reveals that majority of the responder belongs to low age group backward caste with low level of education who are mainly dependent on fisheries activities. Various input parameters were also studied for the economic analysis of the beel fisheries of the study area and their correlation were assessd. The details finding of the study can be successfully utilized in future planning for sustainable development of beel fisheries in West Bengal.
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2020
To develop vaccine for rohu (Labeo rohita), efficacy of three antigenic preparations from Aeromon... more To develop vaccine for rohu (Labeo rohita), efficacy of three antigenic preparations from Aeromonas hydrophila were evaluated. Thirty six tanks with ten rohu were divided in quadruplicates (R1 to R4) with nine tanks (G1 to G9). Rohu of G1 to G6 tanks were given intraperitoneal vaccine with outer membrane protein, somatic protein and formalin-inactivated whole cell itself and along with Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant @ 200 µg/fish, G7 and G8 tanks were injected with Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (100 µl/fish) and normal saline (100 µl/fish) respectively and G9 tanks were kept as control. After 28 d, rohu of R3 and R4 were subjected to intramuscular A. hydrophila challenge (LD50) @ 2.85×106 cells/fish for 7 d and RPS (%) was calculated. Specific cellular and humoral immune responses were determined for rohu of R1 and R2. Results showed that rohu immunized with outer membrane protein along with adjuvant could offer an appropriate vaccine strategy.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Dry fishes are value-added products of lowcost marine fishes with increased shelf-life of the per... more Dry fishes are value-added products of lowcost marine fishes with increased shelf-life of the perishable fishes for longer storage. Among the world, India is the second fish producing country and contribute 5.43% in global fish production. In relations to nutritional quality of fish, sometimes dry fish show higher quality standards than of fresh fish (Payra et al., 2016). In India, consumption of dried fishes is about 32% of the total marine landings and about 17% of the total catch used for the production of dry fishes (Shakila et al., 2003).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2021
Co-infection with parasites and bacteria is of frequent occurrence in aquaculture, leads to growt... more Co-infection with parasites and bacteria is of frequent occurrence in aquaculture, leads to growth impedance otherwise mortality in fish depending on the varying degree of a load of primary pathogen either parasite or bacteria. The mechanistic regulation of immune response during co-infection in fish has merely documented.The aim of this study was to determine the impact of co-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila at three exposure doses of Argulus sp.on the innate immune responses and antioxidative stress enzymes of goldfish (Carassius auratus).The experimental fish were randomly distributed into eight treatment groups viz. T1 (control group without Argulus and A. hydrophila infection), T2 (fish exposed to a sub-lethal dose of A. hydrophila), T3 (low Argulus-infested fish), T4 (T3 + sub-lethal dose of A. hydrophila), T5 (moderate Argulus-infested fish), T6 (T5 + sub-lethal dose of A. hydrophila), T7 (high Argulus-infested fish) and T8 (T7+ sub-lethal dose of A. hydrophila) in duplicates. After distributing experimental fish into their respective treatment group, A. hydrophila was injected to T2, T4, T6 and T8. After the bacterial challenge, four fish from each experimental group were randomly sampled on 24, 72, and 168 h and subjected to the hematological, innate immune parameters and enzymatic analysis. In the co-infection group T8, a high degree of enhanced pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was noticed with increased mortalities (84.2%) in comparison to other groups.The current study shows a declining pattern in RBC, PCV and Hb valueswith the degree of parasite infestationwithout co-infection groups.Moreover,in the T8 group,exposure of a sub-lethal dose of bacteria resulted in a drastic reduction of the recorded parameters.Furthermore, a decreased value for WBC, monocyte and neutrophil was found in higher parasite group co-infected with a sub-lethal dose of bacteria relative to other co-infected groups during the experimental period. Also, a decrease in innate immune parameters and antioxidative stress enzymes were observed in the T8 group compared to T7 and T2 groups throughout the trial period.These findings indicate that a rise in the dose of Argulus infection improves A. hydrophila colonization in goldfish and contributes to suppression of the innate immune system and increased mortality.
Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, 2021
Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the vaccination effects on rohu, Labeo rohita head k... more Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the vaccination effects on rohu, Labeo rohita head kidney tissues while assessing the vaccine efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila antigens. Six acclimatized rohu groups were immunized with three antigenic formulations (outer membrane proteins, somatic and whole-cell antigen) @ 200 µg/fish and also with equal volume of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), separately. Simultaneously, two non-vaccinated groups, i.e., injected with FIA (100µl), normal saline solutions (0.85%) and one control without injection were maintained for 28 days. All rohu were challenged with median lethal dose of A. hydrophila (2.85 × 106 cells/rohu) intraperitoneally. After 7 days, highest cumulative mortality (%) of ˃88% was found for all non-vaccinated groups. During histopathological observations in head kidney tissues of all treatment and control groups, numerous histopathological changes in the nephritic cells like mild loss of typical tubular epithelial lining, necrosis, thickening of renal epithelial lining, haemorrhages, inflammation, distorted and widening of the lumen with vacuolated surrounding and the constricted lumen of nephritic tubules were noticed for vaccinated rohu in contrast to non vaccinated groups before A. hydrophila challenge. In case of all non-vaccinated fish, including control, extensive degenerated and necrotized head kidney tissues were observed, whereas it was least observed in vaccinated rohu after 7 days A. hydrophila challenge. Results suggest that OMPs antigen along with FIA was the premier vaccine approach for improving resistance to Aeromonas disease and reduce mortality in rohu. Similarly, vaccination with all three antigenic formulations, preferably when applied along with FIA, can effectively protect the head kidney against A. hydrophila infection.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 2018
The present study assessed the in-vitro inhibition of fish pathogenic bacteria, viz., Aeromonas h... more The present study assessed the in-vitro inhibition of fish pathogenic bacteria, viz., Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda by aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Centella asiatica by agar-disc diffusion, agar overlay well-diffusion, and broth dilution assays. The agar-disc diffusion assay with 10 μL of sterile crude C. asiatica extracts failed to inhibit A. hydrophila; while the crude chloroform extract inhibited E. tarda (11.25 ± 0.35 mm). In agar overlay well-diffusion assay, the methanol and chloroform extracts of C. asiatica (50 μL) inhibited E. tarda at varying levels exhibiting zones of 7.50 ± 0.70 mm and 30.50 ± 6.40 mm, respectively. With the increasing concentration of crude chloroform C. asiatica extract (0-10%/mL), an increased growth inhibition of E. tarda was noted in broth dilution assay. These results demonstrated that the chloroform extract of C. asiatica has the highest antibacterial activity against E. tarda in-vitro, which can be applied as an alternative to the commercial antibiotic to control E. tarda infection in aquaculture.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019
Triclosan (TCS) is a biocide commonly used in household and personal care items to prevent the mi... more Triclosan (TCS) is a biocide commonly used in household and personal care items to prevent the microbial growth and is currently considered as an emerging pollutant. It has a ubiquitous distribution which can substantially contribute towards antimicrobial resistance. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of TCS exposure on the antibiotic sensitivity of aquatic bacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC ® 49140 ™ and Edwardsiella tarda ATCC ® 15947 ™ exposed to TCS for short (30 min) and long duration (serial passages). The agar-disc diffusion assay during the serial passages of TCS exposure and subsequent exposure withdrawal showed clinically insignificant changes in the zone of inhibition for six selected antibiotics in both bacterial strains at all exposure concentrations. Four folds concentration-dependent increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TCS was observed in both the strains following TCS exposure. Similarly, a concentration-dependent increase in the MICs of oxytetracycline (OTC) up to 4 folds in A. hydrophila, and up to 8 folds in E. tarda, was also documented during the TCS exposure. In all the cases, withdrawal of TCS exposure effectively reduced the MICs of TCS and OTC in blank passages suggesting a decline in acquired resistance. The frequencies of mutation during 30 min TCS exposure for E. tarda and A. hydrophila ranged between > 10 −6 and 10 −7 levels. Nevertheless, the TCS exposure did not cause any detectable mutation on the fabV gene of A. hydrophila indicating that the TCS may elicit phenotypic adaptation or other resistance mechanism. Although the reduction in MICs due to exposure withdrawal did not restore the bacterial susceptibility up to the initial level, the study proved that the reduced TCS use could significantly help reduce the antimicrobial-resistance and crossresistance in pathogenic bacteria.
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2018
Use of phytobiotics or herbal extracts for increasing growth and health status is one of the majo... more Use of phytobiotics or herbal extracts for increasing growth and health status is one of the major focuses in fish nutrition research. Intensification of aquaculture causes stress in fishes leading to immunosuppression which ultimately results in reduced growth and diseases. Uses of most antibiotics are banned in aquaculture as they have residual effects and can develop drug-resistant bacterial strain. Hence, stimulation of non-specific immune system is a smart choice available for enhancing the immunity as well as growth performance of cultured species. Phytobiotics are rich in various bioactive compounds that act as immunostimulants. Those compounds mainly enhance the activity of phagocytic cells and increase their bactericidal activities, stimulate the natural killer cells, complement activity, proliferate lymphocytes, lysozyme and antibody responses of fish. Use of diets containing dietary herb or plant extracts to improve growth and disease resistance in fish and shrimp are gen...
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), Jan 18, 2018
Triclosan and its metabolites are detected in a diverse aquatic environment and are major concern... more Triclosan and its metabolites are detected in a diverse aquatic environment and are major concerns for various aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the impact of acute and sub-lethal exposure of triclosan on behaviour, activities of acetylcholinesterase and selected antioxidant enzymes, haematological and serum gas-electrolyte parameters of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The 96 h LC of triclosan for P. hypophthalmus was estimated as 1458 μg L. Further, sub-lethal triclosan exposure to 1/15th (97 μg L), 1/10th (145 μg L) and 1/5th (291 μg L) of 96 h LC concentration for a period of 45 days lead to decrease in total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume of blood while total leukocyte count increased significantly (p < 0.05) as compared to control. A concentration-dependent increase in the serum chloride and decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in blood serum was noted on 45th day. An increased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in gil...
Environmental pollution, 2021
Triclosan (TCS), an emergent pollutant, is raising a global concern due to its toxic effects on o... more Triclosan (TCS), an emergent pollutant, is raising a global concern due to its toxic effects on organisms and aquatic ecosystems. The non-availability of proven treatment technologies for TCS remediation is the central issue stressing thorough research on understanding the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and assessing vital biomarkers in the aquatic organism for practical monitoring purposes. Given the unprecedented circumstances during COVID 19 pandemic, a several-fold higher discharge of TCS in the aquatic ecosystems cannot be considered a remote possibility. Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers for assessing chronic effects of TCS are prerequisites for addressing the issues related to its ecological impact and its monitoring in the future. It is the first holistic review on highlighting the biomarkers of TCS toxicity based on a comprehensive review of available literature about the biomarkers related to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, hematological, alterations of gene expre...
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Papers by SUTANU KARMAKAR