Software radio implementations of beamformers on programmable processors such as digital signal p... more Software radio implementations of beamformers on programmable processors such as digital signal processor (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) still remain as a challenge for the integration of smart antennas into existing wireless base stations for 3G systems. This study presents the comparison of DSP-and FPGA-based implementations of space-code correlator (SCC) beamformer, which is practical to use in CDMA2000 systems. Implementation methodology is demonstrated and results regarding beamforming accuracy, weight vector computation time (execution time) and resource utilisation are presented. The SCC algorithm is implemented on Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320C6713 floating-point digital signal processors (DSPs) and Xilinx's VirtexIV family FPGA. In signal modelling, CDMA2000 reverse link format is employed. The results show that beamformer weights can be obtained within less than 10 ms via implementation on c6713 DSP with direction-of-arrival (DOA) search resolution of Du ¼ 28, whereas it can be achieved within less than 25 ms on VirtexIV FPGA for five-element uniform linear array (ULA). These results demonstrate that FPGA implementation achieves weight vector computation in much smaller time (nearly 500 times) as compared to DSP implementation in this study.
2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering, 2009
Access telecommunication systems are categorized as digital subscriber line (xDSL), fiber-to-the-... more Access telecommunication systems are categorized as digital subscriber line (xDSL), fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC), power line systems, local multipoint distribution system (LMDS), free space optics (FSO), satellite and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) systems. Basic specifications, such as the rate of information for upstream and downstream, access link length, frequency licence requirement for these access telecommunication networks are defined. Expert system analysis is applied to find out the possible systems that can be employed among the above mentioned choices of access telecommunication within the user defined inputs describing the requirements of the end user. The rule-based structure of the expert system is formed by using the Exsys expert system development tool.
The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy : a publication of the International Microwave Power Institute, 2007
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different formulations on color and textural... more The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different formulations on color and textural characteristics of different cakes during baking in microwave and near infrared-microwave combination ovens. For comparison, cakes were also baked in conventional ovens. Color and hardness for both types of baking schemes were found to be dependent on formulation. Cakes containing Simplesse, a fat replacer consisting mostly of whey protein, baked in microwave and near infrared-microwave combination ovens were found to be the firmest cakes.
The strong coupling constants, g{sub D{sub sDK{sup *}, g{sub B{sub sBK{sup *}, g{sub D{sub s}{sup... more The strong coupling constants, g{sub D{sub sDK{sup *}, g{sub B{sub sBK{sup *}, g{sub D{sub s}{sup *}{sub DK}}}}}}, g{sub B{sub s}{sup *}{sub BK}}, g{sub D{sub s}{sup *}{sub DK}} and g{sub B{sub s}{sup *}{sub BK}}, where K{sup *}, K and K are scalar, pseudoscalar, and axial-vector kaon mesons, respectively, are calculated in the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. In particular, the correlation functions of the considered vertices when both B(D) and K{sup *}(K)(K) mesons are off shell are evaluated. In the case of K, which is either K(1270) or K(1400), the mixing between these two states are also taken into account. A comparison of the obtained result with the existing prediction on g{sub D{sub s}{sup *}{sub DK}} as the only coupling constant among the considered vertices, previously calculated in the literature, is also made.
ABSTRACT Since many stages in the processing and preservation of foods involve heat transfer, it ... more ABSTRACT Since many stages in the processing and preservation of foods involve heat transfer, it is important to understand the thermal properties of foods. Thermal properties data are required in engineering and process design. An energy balance for a heating or cooling process cannot be made and the temperature profile within the material cannot be determined without knowing the thermal properties of the material. In this chapter, principles and measurement methods of thermal conductivity, specific heat, enthalpy, and thermal diffusivity are discussed. In addition, predicted models for thermal conductivity and specific heat are given.
Peripheral-type natural killer (NK)- or T-cell lymphomas are rare disorders characterized with cl... more Peripheral-type natural killer (NK)- or T-cell lymphomas are rare disorders characterized with clonal proliferation of mature lymphocytes. They have been linked to chronic and active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV), which itself is not defined as a malignant hematological disorder. The authors present a patient with T/NK-cell lymphoma involving skin, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and meninges. She was remarkable for having the mosaic feature of more than one type of extranodal T/NK-cell lymphoma. She also had mixed findings of CAEBV that might have been attributed both to hypersensitivity to mosquito bites and to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2001
The aetiology of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains unknown despite numerous investigations... more The aetiology of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains unknown despite numerous investigations. In recent years, retroviruses and human herpesviruses have been implicated to play a causal part in CTCL. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible aetiopathogenetic role of human herpesviruses (HHV) in mycosis fungoides (MF). Polymerase chain reaction was used to study formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lesional skin biopsies from 92 subjects with MF to evidence possible presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HHV-6. Biopsy specimens from nine subjects (9.8%) evidenced EBV DNA, whereas all except one of the subjects (1.1%) lacked HHV-6 DNA. Although these findings do not support a primary aetiological role for EBV and HHV-6 in classical CTCL, the possibility remains that both viruses, particularly EBV, may act as potential cofactors in the development of CTCL.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2002
White superficial onychomycosis due to Aspergillus candidus: large yellow-white opaque areas also... more White superficial onychomycosis due to Aspergillus candidus: large yellow-white opaque areas also involving the proximal nail plate.
Microwave tempering and infrared assisted microwave tempering of frozen foods were simulated by u... more Microwave tempering and infrared assisted microwave tempering of frozen foods were simulated by using finite difference method. The effects of microwave power and infrared power on tempering were discussed. Three different microwave power levels (30%, 40%, and 50%) and three different infrared power levels (10%, 20%, and 30%) were used. The increase in microwave power level and infrared power level decreased tempering times. The change of heat capacity and the dielectric properties of frozen potato puree with respect to time were measured. The temperature distribution inside the sample was modeled, and the predicted results were compared with experimental results. The predicted temperatures showed good agreement with the experimental results.
... Food and Bioproducts Processing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbp Optimization of... more ... Food and Bioproducts Processing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbp Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Anastatica hierochuntica NA Nik Norulainia,∗ , O. Anuarb, FMA Abbasb, MO Fatehahb, AK Mohd Omarb, F. Sahenac, ISM Zaidulc,∗ ...
Recently, the Pigmented Lesion Group at the University of Pennsylvania described a 4-variable mod... more Recently, the Pigmented Lesion Group at the University of Pennsylvania described a 4-variable model for predicting 10-year survival for patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. The variables are tumor thickness, anatomic site of the lesion, age, and gender. The objective of the current study was to test the validity of this model, employing the large data base of the New York University Melanoma Cooperative Group. The predicted probabilities of 10-year survival for 780 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma were determined by multivariate logistic regression, using the 4 variables. The overall 10-year survival rate of the current study group was 78.4%. Of the four variables, tumor thickness, anatomic site of the lesion, and age were found to be independent predictors of survival. Although survival was better for women, gender was not a statistically significant factor in predicting 10-year survival when entered into the multivariate logistic regression model. In the current study, the probability of 10-year survival of patients with melanomas < 0.76 mm ranged from 93-99%, depending on the age and primary site. Age and site had more impact on the prognosis of intermediate and thick melanomas than on thin melanomas. Thus, for melanomas 0.76-1.69 mm, 1.70-3.60 mm, and thicker than 3.60 mm, the probabilities of survival ranged from 70-94%, 39-82%, and 23-68%, respectively. The wider ranges in survival rates for thicker melanomas, depending on the other variables, emphasize the importance of including variables in addition to tumor thickness in a prognostic model. Using a large data base from a medical center, the current study supports the prognostic multivariate model of the Pigmented Lesions Group of the University of Pennsylvania; however, the authors of the current study did not find gender to be statistically significant in this multivariate model.
Software radio implementations of beamformers on programmable processors such as digital signal p... more Software radio implementations of beamformers on programmable processors such as digital signal processor (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) still remain as a challenge for the integration of smart antennas into existing wireless base stations for 3G systems. This study presents the comparison of DSP-and FPGA-based implementations of space-code correlator (SCC) beamformer, which is practical to use in CDMA2000 systems. Implementation methodology is demonstrated and results regarding beamforming accuracy, weight vector computation time (execution time) and resource utilisation are presented. The SCC algorithm is implemented on Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320C6713 floating-point digital signal processors (DSPs) and Xilinx's VirtexIV family FPGA. In signal modelling, CDMA2000 reverse link format is employed. The results show that beamformer weights can be obtained within less than 10 ms via implementation on c6713 DSP with direction-of-arrival (DOA) search resolution of Du ¼ 28, whereas it can be achieved within less than 25 ms on VirtexIV FPGA for five-element uniform linear array (ULA). These results demonstrate that FPGA implementation achieves weight vector computation in much smaller time (nearly 500 times) as compared to DSP implementation in this study.
2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering, 2009
Access telecommunication systems are categorized as digital subscriber line (xDSL), fiber-to-the-... more Access telecommunication systems are categorized as digital subscriber line (xDSL), fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC), power line systems, local multipoint distribution system (LMDS), free space optics (FSO), satellite and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) systems. Basic specifications, such as the rate of information for upstream and downstream, access link length, frequency licence requirement for these access telecommunication networks are defined. Expert system analysis is applied to find out the possible systems that can be employed among the above mentioned choices of access telecommunication within the user defined inputs describing the requirements of the end user. The rule-based structure of the expert system is formed by using the Exsys expert system development tool.
The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy : a publication of the International Microwave Power Institute, 2007
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different formulations on color and textural... more The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different formulations on color and textural characteristics of different cakes during baking in microwave and near infrared-microwave combination ovens. For comparison, cakes were also baked in conventional ovens. Color and hardness for both types of baking schemes were found to be dependent on formulation. Cakes containing Simplesse, a fat replacer consisting mostly of whey protein, baked in microwave and near infrared-microwave combination ovens were found to be the firmest cakes.
The strong coupling constants, g{sub D{sub sDK{sup *}, g{sub B{sub sBK{sup *}, g{sub D{sub s}{sup... more The strong coupling constants, g{sub D{sub sDK{sup *}, g{sub B{sub sBK{sup *}, g{sub D{sub s}{sup *}{sub DK}}}}}}, g{sub B{sub s}{sup *}{sub BK}}, g{sub D{sub s}{sup *}{sub DK}} and g{sub B{sub s}{sup *}{sub BK}}, where K{sup *}, K and K are scalar, pseudoscalar, and axial-vector kaon mesons, respectively, are calculated in the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. In particular, the correlation functions of the considered vertices when both B(D) and K{sup *}(K)(K) mesons are off shell are evaluated. In the case of K, which is either K(1270) or K(1400), the mixing between these two states are also taken into account. A comparison of the obtained result with the existing prediction on g{sub D{sub s}{sup *}{sub DK}} as the only coupling constant among the considered vertices, previously calculated in the literature, is also made.
ABSTRACT Since many stages in the processing and preservation of foods involve heat transfer, it ... more ABSTRACT Since many stages in the processing and preservation of foods involve heat transfer, it is important to understand the thermal properties of foods. Thermal properties data are required in engineering and process design. An energy balance for a heating or cooling process cannot be made and the temperature profile within the material cannot be determined without knowing the thermal properties of the material. In this chapter, principles and measurement methods of thermal conductivity, specific heat, enthalpy, and thermal diffusivity are discussed. In addition, predicted models for thermal conductivity and specific heat are given.
Peripheral-type natural killer (NK)- or T-cell lymphomas are rare disorders characterized with cl... more Peripheral-type natural killer (NK)- or T-cell lymphomas are rare disorders characterized with clonal proliferation of mature lymphocytes. They have been linked to chronic and active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV), which itself is not defined as a malignant hematological disorder. The authors present a patient with T/NK-cell lymphoma involving skin, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and meninges. She was remarkable for having the mosaic feature of more than one type of extranodal T/NK-cell lymphoma. She also had mixed findings of CAEBV that might have been attributed both to hypersensitivity to mosquito bites and to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2001
The aetiology of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains unknown despite numerous investigations... more The aetiology of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains unknown despite numerous investigations. In recent years, retroviruses and human herpesviruses have been implicated to play a causal part in CTCL. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible aetiopathogenetic role of human herpesviruses (HHV) in mycosis fungoides (MF). Polymerase chain reaction was used to study formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lesional skin biopsies from 92 subjects with MF to evidence possible presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HHV-6. Biopsy specimens from nine subjects (9.8%) evidenced EBV DNA, whereas all except one of the subjects (1.1%) lacked HHV-6 DNA. Although these findings do not support a primary aetiological role for EBV and HHV-6 in classical CTCL, the possibility remains that both viruses, particularly EBV, may act as potential cofactors in the development of CTCL.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2002
White superficial onychomycosis due to Aspergillus candidus: large yellow-white opaque areas also... more White superficial onychomycosis due to Aspergillus candidus: large yellow-white opaque areas also involving the proximal nail plate.
Microwave tempering and infrared assisted microwave tempering of frozen foods were simulated by u... more Microwave tempering and infrared assisted microwave tempering of frozen foods were simulated by using finite difference method. The effects of microwave power and infrared power on tempering were discussed. Three different microwave power levels (30%, 40%, and 50%) and three different infrared power levels (10%, 20%, and 30%) were used. The increase in microwave power level and infrared power level decreased tempering times. The change of heat capacity and the dielectric properties of frozen potato puree with respect to time were measured. The temperature distribution inside the sample was modeled, and the predicted results were compared with experimental results. The predicted temperatures showed good agreement with the experimental results.
... Food and Bioproducts Processing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbp Optimization of... more ... Food and Bioproducts Processing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbp Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Anastatica hierochuntica NA Nik Norulainia,∗ , O. Anuarb, FMA Abbasb, MO Fatehahb, AK Mohd Omarb, F. Sahenac, ISM Zaidulc,∗ ...
Recently, the Pigmented Lesion Group at the University of Pennsylvania described a 4-variable mod... more Recently, the Pigmented Lesion Group at the University of Pennsylvania described a 4-variable model for predicting 10-year survival for patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. The variables are tumor thickness, anatomic site of the lesion, age, and gender. The objective of the current study was to test the validity of this model, employing the large data base of the New York University Melanoma Cooperative Group. The predicted probabilities of 10-year survival for 780 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma were determined by multivariate logistic regression, using the 4 variables. The overall 10-year survival rate of the current study group was 78.4%. Of the four variables, tumor thickness, anatomic site of the lesion, and age were found to be independent predictors of survival. Although survival was better for women, gender was not a statistically significant factor in predicting 10-year survival when entered into the multivariate logistic regression model. In the current study, the probability of 10-year survival of patients with melanomas < 0.76 mm ranged from 93-99%, depending on the age and primary site. Age and site had more impact on the prognosis of intermediate and thick melanomas than on thin melanomas. Thus, for melanomas 0.76-1.69 mm, 1.70-3.60 mm, and thicker than 3.60 mm, the probabilities of survival ranged from 70-94%, 39-82%, and 23-68%, respectively. The wider ranges in survival rates for thicker melanomas, depending on the other variables, emphasize the importance of including variables in addition to tumor thickness in a prognostic model. Using a large data base from a medical center, the current study supports the prognostic multivariate model of the Pigmented Lesions Group of the University of Pennsylvania; however, the authors of the current study did not find gender to be statistically significant in this multivariate model.
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