Conference Presentations by Sílvia Pereira
This work summarises previous applications of zinc hydroxychloride mortar in conservation and res... more This work summarises previous applications of zinc hydroxychloride mortar in conservation and restoration. The present investigation tested this mortar for the repair of Portuguese historic tiles (azulejos). Compression, flexion and shear tests were undertaken on mortar samples and compared to the results for historic tiles. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate impregnation, crystallization and chemical reaction at the mortar-ceramic samples interface. Results from this study indicated zinc hydroxychloride mortars have good compatibility and efficacy and are therefore, potentially, good alternatives for lacunae repair in Portuguese historic tiles.
Papers by Sílvia Pereira
Applied Physics A, 2016
Abstract The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles ... more Abstract The restoration materials currently used to fill gaps in historical architectural tiles (e.g. lime or organic resin pastes) usually show serious drawbacks in terms of compatibility, effectiveness or durability. The existing solutions do not fully protect Portuguese faïence tiles (azulejos) in outdoor conditions and frequently result in further deterioration. Geopolymers can be a potential solution for tile lacunae infill, given the chemical–mineralogical similitude to the ceramic body, and also the durability and versatile range of physical properties that can be obtained through the manipulation of their formulation and curing conditions. This work presents and discusses the viability of the use of geopolymeric pastes to fill lacunae in tiles or to act as “cold” cast ceramic tile surrogates reproducing missing tile fragments. The formulation of geopolymers, namely the type of activators, the alumino-silicate source, the quantity of water required for adequate workability and curing conditions, was studied. The need for post-curing desalination was also considered envisaging their application in the restoration of outdoor historical architectural tiles frequently exposed to adverse environmental conditions. The possible advantages and disadvantages of the use of geopolymers in the conservation of tiles are also discussed. The results obtained reveal that geopolymers pastes are a promising material for the restoration of tiles, when compared to other solutions currently in use.
Studies in Heritage Glazed Ceramics Nr 4, 2022
The Pleasure House by the lake in the Bacalhôa estate is quite unique for its five successive roo... more The Pleasure House by the lake in the Bacalhôa estate is quite unique for its five successive rooms tiled from the floor to the ceiling with 16th century azulejos. Its pinnacle is the central room, wholly lined with majolica tiles, from which stand out three figurative panels. One of these panels, representing the biblical episode of Susanna surprised at her bath and dated “1565”, is the only one that survived basically intact in the room.
The whole lining is constituted, besides the three panels with their frame tiles, by the patterned tiles that clad the walls and by the two-tile high continuous skirting, interrupted only by the doors.
The present paper examines the panels and the remaining elements of the lining from the iconographical, stylistic and technical points of view to support a conclusion on their provenance and authorship.
Biofouling, 2016
A laboratory-based methodology was designed to assess the bioreceptivity of glazed tiles. The exp... more A laboratory-based methodology was designed to assess the bioreceptivity of glazed tiles. The experimental setup consisted of multiple steps: manufacturing of pristine and artificially aged glazed tiles, enrichment of phototrophic microorganisms, inoculation of phototrophs on glazed tiles, incubation under optimal conditions and quantification of biomass. In addition, tile intrinsic properties were assessed to determine which material properties contributed to tile bioreceptivity. Biofilm growth and biomass were appraised by digital image analysis, colorimetry and chlorophyll a analysis. SEM, micro-Raman and microparticle induced X-ray emission were carried out to investigate the biodeteriorating potential of phototrophic microorganisms on the glazed tiles. This practical and multidisciplinary approach showed that the accelerated colonization conditions allowed distinguishing different types of tile bioreceptivity and to relate them to precise characteristics of the material. Aged tiles showed higher bioreceptivity than pristine tiles due to their higher capillarity and permeability. Moreover, biophysical deterioration caused by chasmoendolithic growth was observed on colonized tile surfaces.
This article discusses the craftsmanship involved in the tasks associated with the production/cre... more This article discusses the craftsmanship involved in the tasks associated with the production/creation of azulejo. In this article the socio-technical memory of those who made them is therefore specially considered. The verbal testimonies of former workers of the Constância Factory – that was located in Lisbon and operated between 1836 and 2001 – are the empirical references that support the reflection throughout this article. This work dwells upon: (1) the interest in studying the azulejo production from the socio-technical perspective; (2) the activity of the Constância Factory regarding the production of azulejo; (3) and the learning, expertise and flexibility that the technical/creative processes and specialities involve.
Do Espírito do Lugar - Música, Estética, Silêncio, Espaço, Luz
The text is a facsimile of the print edition.
In order to aid research, improve preservation actions and develop better options for future inte... more In order to aid research, improve preservation actions and develop better options for future interventions it is important to know the preservation materials and procedures adopted throughout the past and especially the ones being adopted nowadays. A survey to specialists working in situ in preservation and restoration of glazed decorative tiles has been performed aiming at getting insight on their type of training, work portfolio, opinions, the current materials and procedures used in the diverse phases of a preservation intervention (diagnosis, cleaning, consolidation, bonding fragments and fixing of glazed layer, volumetric and chromatic reintegration, final coating, resetting of tiles and manufacture of replicas) and the criteria/factors that support the specialists choices.
Chemometric Optimization Studies in Catalysis Employing High-Throughput Experimentation Sílvia Ra... more Chemometric Optimization Studies in Catalysis Employing High-Throughput Experimentation Sílvia Raquel Morais Pereira Page 2. Cover: drawing by Carlos Ribeiro Page 3. Chemometric Optimization Studies in Catalysis Employing ...
Materiales de Construcción, 2017
The mass consolidation treatment of azulejos is necessary when ceramic biscuits show signs of dis... more The mass consolidation treatment of azulejos is necessary when ceramic biscuits show signs of disaggregation. Such treatment is often used as a complementary conservation technique to the reestablishment of weakened glaze-ceramic bonds. In this research, two commonly used consolidants (ethyl silicate and acrylic resin) were tested on artisanal ceramic tiles via mass consolidation and the resulting impregnation profiles were evaluated. The results indicated that after consolidation, hard zones frequently formed due to localized consolidant concentration after the polymerization and curing processes. These inhomogeneous hard zones subsequently influenced the results obtained through conventional mechanical strength testing (i.e. flexural and compression), creating a false impression of success. This research demonstrated that by using the Drilling Resistance Measuring System, impregnation characteristics such as penetration depth and distribution of consolidant could be observed that ...
In order to aid research, improve preservation actions and develop better options for future inte... more In order to aid research, improve preservation actions and develop better options for future interventions it is important to know the preservation materials and procedures adopted throughout the past and especially the ones being adopted nowadays. A survey to specialists working in situ in preservation and restoration of glazed decorative tiles has been performed aiming at getting insight on their type of training, work portfolio, opinions, the current materials and procedures used in the diverse phases of a preservation intervention (diagnosis, cleaning, consolidation, bonding fragments and fixing of glazed layer, volumetric and chromatic reintegration, final coating, resetting of tiles and manufacture of replicas) and the criteria/factors that support the specialists choices.
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Conference Presentations by Sílvia Pereira
Papers by Sílvia Pereira
The whole lining is constituted, besides the three panels with their frame tiles, by the patterned tiles that clad the walls and by the two-tile high continuous skirting, interrupted only by the doors.
The present paper examines the panels and the remaining elements of the lining from the iconographical, stylistic and technical points of view to support a conclusion on their provenance and authorship.
The whole lining is constituted, besides the three panels with their frame tiles, by the patterned tiles that clad the walls and by the two-tile high continuous skirting, interrupted only by the doors.
The present paper examines the panels and the remaining elements of the lining from the iconographical, stylistic and technical points of view to support a conclusion on their provenance and authorship.