Urban green spaces can have potential positive impacts on climate, biodiversity, health, and gene... more Urban green spaces can have potential positive impacts on climate, biodiversity, health, and generally on the quality of life for urban residents and are of great importance for pursuing recreational activities. People as urban green space users should therefore be well informed about where they are located within a city and what activities they are suitable for. As people's individual preferences play a significant role in the decision-making process for visiting urban green spaces, we present a method that enables to assess urban green spaces upon various activities in accordance with a range of criteria. A sensitivity analysis to investigate the influence of weighting the criteria in a multi-criteria evaluation of the suitability of urban green spaces for recreational activities depending on people's preferences is in the focus. Initial results are shown based on an exemplary use case of playing Frisbee. Overall, the study is embedded in the development of a spatial decision support system implemented in the form of a web app to assist urban residents make decisions in the context of green space use.
Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurde eine mobile Webanwendung entwickelt, die als Information... more Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurde eine mobile Webanwendung entwickelt, die als Informations- und Entscheidungstool für das Aufsuchen städtischer Grünflächen dient. Die Basis bilden eine neuartige Infrastruktur von Diensten sowie verschiedene Datenquellen, wie Open Government Data, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) und Social-Media-Daten. Zudem ist Wissen von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern aus verschiedenen Befragungen in die App-Entwicklung eingeflossen. Die "meinGrün"-Web-App kann in den Pilotstädten Dresden und Heidelberg genutzt werden.
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2022
We compare different matching methods for distinguishing building modifications from replacements... more We compare different matching methods for distinguishing building modifications from replacements based on multi-temporal building footprint geometries from 3D city models. Manually referenced footprints of building changes were used to determine which thresholds are suitable for distinction. In addition, since the underlying LoD1 (Level of Detail 1) data is highly accurate, randomly generated position deviations were added to allow for transferability to less well-matched data. In order to generate a defined position deviation, a novel method was developed. This allows determination of the effects of position deviations on accuracy. Determination of these methods’ suitability for manipulation of data from sources of different levels of generalization (cross-scale matching) is therefore not the focus of this work. In detail, the methods of ‘Common Area Ratio’, ‘Common Boundary Ratio’, ‘Hausdorff Distance’ and ‘PoLiS’ (Polygon and Line Segment based metric) were compared. In addition...
Ludwig et al. (2019). Assessing the Completeness of Urban Green Spaces in OpenStreetMap In: Mingh... more Ludwig et al. (2019). Assessing the Completeness of Urban Green Spaces in OpenStreetMap In: Minghini, M., Grinberger, A.Y., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2019, 21-22. Heidelberg, Germany, September 21-23, 2019. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3387701
In den letzten Jahren hat eine Fachdiskussion begonnen, wie die Flächeninanspruchnahme von Siedlu... more In den letzten Jahren hat eine Fachdiskussion begonnen, wie die Flächeninanspruchnahme von Siedlung und Verkehr gemessen und wie die amtlichen Flächenstatistik um qualitative Aspekte der Flächennutzungsentwicklung ergänzt werden kann, welche Rolle hochauflösende topographische Geobasisdaten dabei spielen und wie Analyseergebnisse leicht verständlich visualisiert werden können. Vorliegender Band vereint dazu Antworten, die auf dem 2. Dresdner Flächennutzungssymposium 2010 gegeben wurden. Die Beiträge umfassen die Themen Trends der Flächennutzungsentwicklung in Deutschland, Flächenerhebungsprogramme, topographische Datengrundlagen, Regionalstatistik, indikatorbasierte Beschreibung der Flächennutzungsstruktur, Prognose der Entwicklung sowie die Ergebnisvisualisierung, beispielsweise auch im neuen internetbasierten Monitor der Siedlungsund Freiraumentwicklung (IÖR-Monitor).
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021
Public urban green spaces are important for the urban quality of life. Still, comprehensive open ... more Public urban green spaces are important for the urban quality of life. Still, comprehensive open data sets on urban green spaces are not available for most cities. As open and globally available data sets, the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap (OSM) data for urban green space mapping is high but limited due to their respective uncertainties. Sentinel-2 imagery cannot distinguish public from private green spaces and its spatial resolution of 10 m fails to capture fine-grained urban structures, while in OSM green spaces are not mapped consistently and with the same level of completeness everywhere. To address these limitations, we propose to fuse these data sets under explicit consideration of their uncertainties. The Sentinel-2 derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was fused with OSM data using the Dempster–Shafer theory to enhance the detection of small vegetated areas. The distinction between public and private green spaces was achieved using a Ba...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021
Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) is a growth management policy that designates specific areas where gr... more Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) is a growth management policy that designates specific areas where growth should be concentrated in order to avoid urban sprawl. The objective of such a boundary is to protect agricultural land, open spaces and the natural environment, as well as to use existing infrastructure and public services more efficiently. Due to the inherent heterogeneity and complexity of settlements, UGBs in Germany are currently created manually by experts. Therefore, every dataset is linked to a specific area, investigation period and dedicated use. Clearly, up-to-date, homogeneous, meaningful and cost-efficient delineations created automatically are needed to avoid this reliance on manually or semi-automatically generated delineations. Here, we present an aggregative method to produce UGBs using building footprints and generally available topographic data as inputs. It was applied to study areas in Frankfurt/Main, the Hanover region and rural Brandenburg while taking full ac...
Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 2020
Geospatial analysis and visualisation can be used to gain knowledge about land use structure and ... more Geospatial analysis and visualisation can be used to gain knowledge about land use structure and its changes on different spatial scales, which in turn is key to unlock the potential for sustainable land use development. This editorial provides a frame to a set of papers of the topical collection “Innovative approaches, tools and visualization techniques for analyzing land use structures and dynamics of cities and regions”, which was initiated in conjunction with the 2017 International Land Use Symposium taken place in Dresden, Germany. It first introduces current, urging land use, development and management challenges. Further on, the editorial presents the individual contributions and reflects their affiliation to the themes “Mapping and Monitoring Approaches” and “Planning, Decision Support and Participation”. Although the objectives, methods and underlying data used in the papers of this topical collection greatly vary, as pieces of a puzzle they contribute to a better analysis ...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2016
Knowledge of the German building stock is largely based on census data and annual construction st... more Knowledge of the German building stock is largely based on census data and annual construction statistics. Despite the wide range of statistical data, they are constrained in terms of temporal, thematic and spatial resolution, and hence do not satisfy all requirements of spatial planning and research. In this paper, we describe a new workflow for data integration that allows the quantification of the structure and dynamic of national building stocks by analyzing authoritative geodata. The proposed workflow has been developed, tested and demonstrated exemplarily for the whole country of Germany. We use nationwide and commonly available authoritative geodata products such as building footprint and address data derived from the real estate cadaster and land use information from the digital landscape model. The processing steps are (1) data preprocessing; (2) the calculation of building attributes; (3) semantic enrichment of the building using a classification tree; (4) the intersection with spatial units; and finally (5) the quantification and cartographic visualization of the building structure and dynamic. Applying the workflow to German authoritative geodata, it was possible to describe the entire building stock by 48 million polygons at different scale levels. Approximately one third of the total building stock are outbuildings. The methodological approach reveals that 62% of residential buildings are detached, 80% semi-detached and 20% terraced houses. The approach and the novel database will be very valuable for urban and energy modeling, material flow analysis, risk assessment and facility management.
Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2019
Urban big data analytics and morphology This special issue is intended to stimulate discussions o... more Urban big data analytics and morphology This special issue is intended to stimulate discussions on recent trends in analysing urban big data and urban morphology. It was initiated in the course of the 2nd International Land Use Symposium (ILUS, http://www.ilus2017.ioer.info/) with the central theme on 'Spatial data modelling and visualisation to enlighten sustainable policy making', organised by the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER). The second symposium of the ILUS conference series was held in Dresden from 1 to 3 November 2017. Nearly 100 participants from over 20 countries attended the ILUS 2017. The biennial symposium brings together leading academics in the fields of spatial sciences, environmental studies, geography, cartography, geographic information science, urban planning and architecture. The wide availability of geo-referenced (big) data in recent years has opened up new potential to explore physical and structural urban characteristics at different spatial scales and in the course of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Relevant questions are how the urban form can be quantitatively measured, how urban form changes over time and how these measures can be used to compare different cities. Spatial metrics are recognised as appropriate urban planning tools. A recent promising avenue of investigation has been the influence of the spatial configuration on human spatial behaviour using big data. The rapid development of intelligent sensors, remote sensing data, smartphones, smart cards and social media, as well as various sources of voluntary geographic information (Goodchild, 2007, Jiang and Thill, 2015) supports these observations. It is obvious that the spatial big data analysis of urban morphologies must support decision-making in some meaningful ways. Urban morphology can be characterised as a multidisciplinary field of research (D'Acci, 2019). We hope that the collected manuscripts provide a good basis to study various up-to-date issues on urban big data and urban morphology.
This paper presents a GEOBIA approach to multitemporal map interpretation. Besides archival remot... more This paper presents a GEOBIA approach to multitemporal map interpretation. Besides archival remote sensing imagery, cartographic representations of Earth’s surface are unique sources of information on the longterm evolution of geographical features. The knowledge about changes of features such as land cover, coast lines, or the extension of human settlements is essential to the understanding of their dynamics. Currently, large amounts of scanned map documents are being made digitally available through libraries or national mapping agencies. To access the information for spatial analyses and change detection advanced pattern recognition algorithms have to be applied. Thus, automated map interpretation has been a vivid research field over the past decades. However, the acquisition of spatiotemporal information from multisource and heterogeneous image data still remains a challenging task. Algorithms have to deal with varying object representations as well as coalesced and blurred obje...
This paper presents a method for automatic derivation of urban structures types with focus on res... more This paper presents a method for automatic derivation of urban structures types with focus on residential areas. It is based on scanned topographic maps at scale 1:25k and a given urban block geometry from a national topographic database. The procedure consists of five steps: (1) definition of a typology of urban structures, (2) extraction of building footprints, (3) computation of measurements to describe the urban structure (4) building classification and (5) derivation of urban structure types on block level.
In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse der Überführung qualitativer vektorbasierter Flächennut... more In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse der Überführung qualitativer vektorbasierter Flächennutzungsinformationen in Rasterkarten vorgestellt. Dazu wird insbesondere auf die Überführung der baulich geprägten Siedlungsfläche (im Folgenden Siedlungsfläche genannt) und deren Abbildung im Raster samt den damit einhergehenden Transformationseffekten eingegangen. Neben der monotemporären Darstellung ist auch das Monitoring für die Beurteilung der zeitlichen Entwicklung von Bedeutung.
The estimation of urban green volume is getting more and more important within the frame of an ec... more The estimation of urban green volume is getting more and more important within the frame of an ecologically orientated city planning. The difference of the first and the last pulse of LiDAR meas- urements provide the basis for the estimation of the green volume, but these optimal data are not always available. That's why this paper deals with the question whether LiDAR data (last pulse only) that have not been taken during the vegetation period allows a sufficient estimation of the vegetation. The work sets up on previous results where LiDAR data have been compared to photogrammetri- cally determined vegetation height measurements (i). The subtraction of the laser-based Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) in vegetated areas leads to a vast underes- timation of green volume of up to 85 %, which is mainly due to the standing deciduous trees with an underestimation of 90 %. Starting from the existence of different laser response characteristics within vario...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2022
Landscapes and human settlements evolve over long periods of time. Land change, as one of the dri... more Landscapes and human settlements evolve over long periods of time. Land change, as one of the drivers of the ecological crisis in the Anthropocene, therefore, needs to be studied with a long-term perspective. Over the past decades, a substantial body of research has accumulated in the field of land change science. The quantitative geospatial analysis of land change, however, still faces many challenges; be that methodological or data accessibility related. This editorial introduces several scientific contributions to an open-access Special Issue on historical settlement and landscape analysis. The featured articles cover all phases of the analysis process in this field: from the exploration and geocoding of data sources and the acquisition and processing of data to the adequate visualization and application of the retrieved historical geoinformation for knowledge generation. The data used in this research include archival maps, cadastral and master plans, crowdsourced data, airborne...
Bei der Umsetzung der Energiewende rücken lokale und regionale Akteure wie Energieversorger, Haus... more Bei der Umsetzung der Energiewende rücken lokale und regionale Akteure wie Energieversorger, Haushalte, Kommunen aber auch Bürgerinitiativen zunehmend in den Fokus. Die Energiewende ist daher in besonderem Maße auch als Aushandlungsprozess zwischen diesen regionalen Akteuren zu begreifen, der eine Diskussion und somit eine öffentliche Debatte erforderlich macht. Für diese werden offen zugängliche, objektive Informationen über Potenziale der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und Effizienzmaßnahmen erforderlich. An dieser Stelle setzt das deutsch-französische Forschungsprojekt Plan-EE an. Ziel des Projektes ist es, für die regionale Energiewende eine offene Informationsgrundlage in Form räumlicher Szenarien bereit zu stellen und diese in die regionale Debatte zu integrieren. Neben der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energie werden dabei energetische Sanierungspotenziale betrachtet. Um eine Datengrundlage zu schaffen, wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, der den Gebäudebestand des Untersuchungsraums Südpfalz hinsichtlich energetischer Gesichtspunkte typisiert. Hierzu wird die Siedlungsstruktur automatisiert kleinräumig und multitemporal auf Basis topographischer Daten analysiert und eine Abschätzung des Baualters von Gebäuden realisiert. Aus mittleren Verbrauchsdaten von Haushalten werden gebäudetypische Wärmeenergiebedarfe abgeleitet und auf den klassifizierten regionalen Gebäude bestand übertragen.
KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information, 2013
1.1 Motivation Im Jahr 2004 begann mit dem Projekt OpenStreetMap (OSM) ein neuer Ansatz für die E... more 1.1 Motivation Im Jahr 2004 begann mit dem Projekt OpenStreetMap (OSM) ein neuer Ansatz für die Erstellung und Nutzung von Geodaten. Die Verbreitung von GPSGeräten bei Privatanwendern und die Verfügbarkeit von Webkartendiensten, mit denen u. a. hochauflösende Orthobilddaten zur Verfügung gestellt werden, haben das Projekt ermöglicht. Mit zunehmender Vollständigkeit und Aktualität der OSM-Daten steigt das Interesse, diese Daten für verschiedene Anwendungen zu nutzen. Rechtliche Unsicherheiten bei der Nutzung der OSM-Daten sollten durch den inzwischen abgeschlossenen Wechsel des OpenStreetMap Projektes von der Creative Commons Share Alike Lizenz (CC-BY-SA) zur für Geodatenbanken besser geeigneten Open Database Lizenz (ODbl) beseitigt sein. Die Nutzung der OSM-Daten ist dadurch vereinfacht worden, da für Werke, die aus den Daten abgeleitet werden, nun auch der Urheberschutz Anwendung finden kann. Nur Verbesserungen an den OSM-Daten selbst müssen nunmehr in das Projekt zurückfließen. Finanzielle Einsparungen stellt für viele mögliche Anwender darüber hinaus häufig eine weitere Motivation dar. Allgemein gewinnen die OSM-Daten somit neben der privaten Nutzung auch für den Russell, J.A., 2003, Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion, Psychological Review, 110(1), 145–172. Sullivan, W.C., Kuo, F.E. & Depooter, S., 2004, The fruit of urban nature: Vital neighborhood spaces. Environment & Behavior, 36(5), 678–700. Tauscher S. & Neumann K., 2012, Combining web map services and opinion mining to generate sentiment maps of touristic locations. In: Jobst M. (Ed.) Service Oriented Mapping 2012, JobstMedia Management Verlag Wien, 277–286. Ulrich, R.S., 1984, View through a window may influence recovery from surgery, Science, 224, 420–421. Ulrich, R.S., 1986, Human responses to vegetation and landscapes, Landscape and Urban Planning, 13, 29–44. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T. & Staats, H., 2007, Preferences for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 79–96. Watson, D. & Clark, L.A., 1992, Affects separable and inseparable: On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489–505. White, A., 2007, A Global Projection of Subjective Wellbeing: A Challenge to Positive Psychology?, Psychtalk, 56, 17–20. Wierzbicka, A., 1999, Emotions across languages and cultures: Diversity and universals, Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. Zacharias, J., 2001, Path choice and visual stimuli: Signs of human activity and architecture, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 341–352. Zajonc, R.B., 1968, Attitudinal effects of mere exposure, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9 (2, part 2), 1–28.
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2018
Information on the distribution and dynamics of dwellings and their inhabitants is essential to s... more Information on the distribution and dynamics of dwellings and their inhabitants is essential to support decision-making in various fields such as energy provision, land use planning, risk assessment and disaster management. However, as various different of approaches to estimate the current distribution of population and dwellings exists, further evidence on past dynamics is needed for a better understanding of urban processes. This article therefore addresses the question of whether and how accurately historical distributions of dwellings and inhabitants can be reconstructed with commonly available geodata from national mapping and cadastral agencies. For this purpose, an approach for the automatic derivation of such information is presented. The data basis is constituted by a current digital landscape model and a 3D building model combined with historical land use information automatically extracted from historical topographic maps. For this purpose, methods of image processing, m...
Urban green spaces can have potential positive impacts on climate, biodiversity, health, and gene... more Urban green spaces can have potential positive impacts on climate, biodiversity, health, and generally on the quality of life for urban residents and are of great importance for pursuing recreational activities. People as urban green space users should therefore be well informed about where they are located within a city and what activities they are suitable for. As people's individual preferences play a significant role in the decision-making process for visiting urban green spaces, we present a method that enables to assess urban green spaces upon various activities in accordance with a range of criteria. A sensitivity analysis to investigate the influence of weighting the criteria in a multi-criteria evaluation of the suitability of urban green spaces for recreational activities depending on people's preferences is in the focus. Initial results are shown based on an exemplary use case of playing Frisbee. Overall, the study is embedded in the development of a spatial decision support system implemented in the form of a web app to assist urban residents make decisions in the context of green space use.
Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurde eine mobile Webanwendung entwickelt, die als Information... more Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurde eine mobile Webanwendung entwickelt, die als Informations- und Entscheidungstool für das Aufsuchen städtischer Grünflächen dient. Die Basis bilden eine neuartige Infrastruktur von Diensten sowie verschiedene Datenquellen, wie Open Government Data, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) und Social-Media-Daten. Zudem ist Wissen von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern aus verschiedenen Befragungen in die App-Entwicklung eingeflossen. Die "meinGrün"-Web-App kann in den Pilotstädten Dresden und Heidelberg genutzt werden.
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2022
We compare different matching methods for distinguishing building modifications from replacements... more We compare different matching methods for distinguishing building modifications from replacements based on multi-temporal building footprint geometries from 3D city models. Manually referenced footprints of building changes were used to determine which thresholds are suitable for distinction. In addition, since the underlying LoD1 (Level of Detail 1) data is highly accurate, randomly generated position deviations were added to allow for transferability to less well-matched data. In order to generate a defined position deviation, a novel method was developed. This allows determination of the effects of position deviations on accuracy. Determination of these methods’ suitability for manipulation of data from sources of different levels of generalization (cross-scale matching) is therefore not the focus of this work. In detail, the methods of ‘Common Area Ratio’, ‘Common Boundary Ratio’, ‘Hausdorff Distance’ and ‘PoLiS’ (Polygon and Line Segment based metric) were compared. In addition...
Ludwig et al. (2019). Assessing the Completeness of Urban Green Spaces in OpenStreetMap In: Mingh... more Ludwig et al. (2019). Assessing the Completeness of Urban Green Spaces in OpenStreetMap In: Minghini, M., Grinberger, A.Y., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2019, 21-22. Heidelberg, Germany, September 21-23, 2019. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3387701
In den letzten Jahren hat eine Fachdiskussion begonnen, wie die Flächeninanspruchnahme von Siedlu... more In den letzten Jahren hat eine Fachdiskussion begonnen, wie die Flächeninanspruchnahme von Siedlung und Verkehr gemessen und wie die amtlichen Flächenstatistik um qualitative Aspekte der Flächennutzungsentwicklung ergänzt werden kann, welche Rolle hochauflösende topographische Geobasisdaten dabei spielen und wie Analyseergebnisse leicht verständlich visualisiert werden können. Vorliegender Band vereint dazu Antworten, die auf dem 2. Dresdner Flächennutzungssymposium 2010 gegeben wurden. Die Beiträge umfassen die Themen Trends der Flächennutzungsentwicklung in Deutschland, Flächenerhebungsprogramme, topographische Datengrundlagen, Regionalstatistik, indikatorbasierte Beschreibung der Flächennutzungsstruktur, Prognose der Entwicklung sowie die Ergebnisvisualisierung, beispielsweise auch im neuen internetbasierten Monitor der Siedlungsund Freiraumentwicklung (IÖR-Monitor).
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021
Public urban green spaces are important for the urban quality of life. Still, comprehensive open ... more Public urban green spaces are important for the urban quality of life. Still, comprehensive open data sets on urban green spaces are not available for most cities. As open and globally available data sets, the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap (OSM) data for urban green space mapping is high but limited due to their respective uncertainties. Sentinel-2 imagery cannot distinguish public from private green spaces and its spatial resolution of 10 m fails to capture fine-grained urban structures, while in OSM green spaces are not mapped consistently and with the same level of completeness everywhere. To address these limitations, we propose to fuse these data sets under explicit consideration of their uncertainties. The Sentinel-2 derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was fused with OSM data using the Dempster–Shafer theory to enhance the detection of small vegetated areas. The distinction between public and private green spaces was achieved using a Ba...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021
Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) is a growth management policy that designates specific areas where gr... more Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) is a growth management policy that designates specific areas where growth should be concentrated in order to avoid urban sprawl. The objective of such a boundary is to protect agricultural land, open spaces and the natural environment, as well as to use existing infrastructure and public services more efficiently. Due to the inherent heterogeneity and complexity of settlements, UGBs in Germany are currently created manually by experts. Therefore, every dataset is linked to a specific area, investigation period and dedicated use. Clearly, up-to-date, homogeneous, meaningful and cost-efficient delineations created automatically are needed to avoid this reliance on manually or semi-automatically generated delineations. Here, we present an aggregative method to produce UGBs using building footprints and generally available topographic data as inputs. It was applied to study areas in Frankfurt/Main, the Hanover region and rural Brandenburg while taking full ac...
Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 2020
Geospatial analysis and visualisation can be used to gain knowledge about land use structure and ... more Geospatial analysis and visualisation can be used to gain knowledge about land use structure and its changes on different spatial scales, which in turn is key to unlock the potential for sustainable land use development. This editorial provides a frame to a set of papers of the topical collection “Innovative approaches, tools and visualization techniques for analyzing land use structures and dynamics of cities and regions”, which was initiated in conjunction with the 2017 International Land Use Symposium taken place in Dresden, Germany. It first introduces current, urging land use, development and management challenges. Further on, the editorial presents the individual contributions and reflects their affiliation to the themes “Mapping and Monitoring Approaches” and “Planning, Decision Support and Participation”. Although the objectives, methods and underlying data used in the papers of this topical collection greatly vary, as pieces of a puzzle they contribute to a better analysis ...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2016
Knowledge of the German building stock is largely based on census data and annual construction st... more Knowledge of the German building stock is largely based on census data and annual construction statistics. Despite the wide range of statistical data, they are constrained in terms of temporal, thematic and spatial resolution, and hence do not satisfy all requirements of spatial planning and research. In this paper, we describe a new workflow for data integration that allows the quantification of the structure and dynamic of national building stocks by analyzing authoritative geodata. The proposed workflow has been developed, tested and demonstrated exemplarily for the whole country of Germany. We use nationwide and commonly available authoritative geodata products such as building footprint and address data derived from the real estate cadaster and land use information from the digital landscape model. The processing steps are (1) data preprocessing; (2) the calculation of building attributes; (3) semantic enrichment of the building using a classification tree; (4) the intersection with spatial units; and finally (5) the quantification and cartographic visualization of the building structure and dynamic. Applying the workflow to German authoritative geodata, it was possible to describe the entire building stock by 48 million polygons at different scale levels. Approximately one third of the total building stock are outbuildings. The methodological approach reveals that 62% of residential buildings are detached, 80% semi-detached and 20% terraced houses. The approach and the novel database will be very valuable for urban and energy modeling, material flow analysis, risk assessment and facility management.
Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2019
Urban big data analytics and morphology This special issue is intended to stimulate discussions o... more Urban big data analytics and morphology This special issue is intended to stimulate discussions on recent trends in analysing urban big data and urban morphology. It was initiated in the course of the 2nd International Land Use Symposium (ILUS, http://www.ilus2017.ioer.info/) with the central theme on 'Spatial data modelling and visualisation to enlighten sustainable policy making', organised by the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER). The second symposium of the ILUS conference series was held in Dresden from 1 to 3 November 2017. Nearly 100 participants from over 20 countries attended the ILUS 2017. The biennial symposium brings together leading academics in the fields of spatial sciences, environmental studies, geography, cartography, geographic information science, urban planning and architecture. The wide availability of geo-referenced (big) data in recent years has opened up new potential to explore physical and structural urban characteristics at different spatial scales and in the course of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Relevant questions are how the urban form can be quantitatively measured, how urban form changes over time and how these measures can be used to compare different cities. Spatial metrics are recognised as appropriate urban planning tools. A recent promising avenue of investigation has been the influence of the spatial configuration on human spatial behaviour using big data. The rapid development of intelligent sensors, remote sensing data, smartphones, smart cards and social media, as well as various sources of voluntary geographic information (Goodchild, 2007, Jiang and Thill, 2015) supports these observations. It is obvious that the spatial big data analysis of urban morphologies must support decision-making in some meaningful ways. Urban morphology can be characterised as a multidisciplinary field of research (D'Acci, 2019). We hope that the collected manuscripts provide a good basis to study various up-to-date issues on urban big data and urban morphology.
This paper presents a GEOBIA approach to multitemporal map interpretation. Besides archival remot... more This paper presents a GEOBIA approach to multitemporal map interpretation. Besides archival remote sensing imagery, cartographic representations of Earth’s surface are unique sources of information on the longterm evolution of geographical features. The knowledge about changes of features such as land cover, coast lines, or the extension of human settlements is essential to the understanding of their dynamics. Currently, large amounts of scanned map documents are being made digitally available through libraries or national mapping agencies. To access the information for spatial analyses and change detection advanced pattern recognition algorithms have to be applied. Thus, automated map interpretation has been a vivid research field over the past decades. However, the acquisition of spatiotemporal information from multisource and heterogeneous image data still remains a challenging task. Algorithms have to deal with varying object representations as well as coalesced and blurred obje...
This paper presents a method for automatic derivation of urban structures types with focus on res... more This paper presents a method for automatic derivation of urban structures types with focus on residential areas. It is based on scanned topographic maps at scale 1:25k and a given urban block geometry from a national topographic database. The procedure consists of five steps: (1) definition of a typology of urban structures, (2) extraction of building footprints, (3) computation of measurements to describe the urban structure (4) building classification and (5) derivation of urban structure types on block level.
In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse der Überführung qualitativer vektorbasierter Flächennut... more In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse der Überführung qualitativer vektorbasierter Flächennutzungsinformationen in Rasterkarten vorgestellt. Dazu wird insbesondere auf die Überführung der baulich geprägten Siedlungsfläche (im Folgenden Siedlungsfläche genannt) und deren Abbildung im Raster samt den damit einhergehenden Transformationseffekten eingegangen. Neben der monotemporären Darstellung ist auch das Monitoring für die Beurteilung der zeitlichen Entwicklung von Bedeutung.
The estimation of urban green volume is getting more and more important within the frame of an ec... more The estimation of urban green volume is getting more and more important within the frame of an ecologically orientated city planning. The difference of the first and the last pulse of LiDAR meas- urements provide the basis for the estimation of the green volume, but these optimal data are not always available. That's why this paper deals with the question whether LiDAR data (last pulse only) that have not been taken during the vegetation period allows a sufficient estimation of the vegetation. The work sets up on previous results where LiDAR data have been compared to photogrammetri- cally determined vegetation height measurements (i). The subtraction of the laser-based Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) in vegetated areas leads to a vast underes- timation of green volume of up to 85 %, which is mainly due to the standing deciduous trees with an underestimation of 90 %. Starting from the existence of different laser response characteristics within vario...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2022
Landscapes and human settlements evolve over long periods of time. Land change, as one of the dri... more Landscapes and human settlements evolve over long periods of time. Land change, as one of the drivers of the ecological crisis in the Anthropocene, therefore, needs to be studied with a long-term perspective. Over the past decades, a substantial body of research has accumulated in the field of land change science. The quantitative geospatial analysis of land change, however, still faces many challenges; be that methodological or data accessibility related. This editorial introduces several scientific contributions to an open-access Special Issue on historical settlement and landscape analysis. The featured articles cover all phases of the analysis process in this field: from the exploration and geocoding of data sources and the acquisition and processing of data to the adequate visualization and application of the retrieved historical geoinformation for knowledge generation. The data used in this research include archival maps, cadastral and master plans, crowdsourced data, airborne...
Bei der Umsetzung der Energiewende rücken lokale und regionale Akteure wie Energieversorger, Haus... more Bei der Umsetzung der Energiewende rücken lokale und regionale Akteure wie Energieversorger, Haushalte, Kommunen aber auch Bürgerinitiativen zunehmend in den Fokus. Die Energiewende ist daher in besonderem Maße auch als Aushandlungsprozess zwischen diesen regionalen Akteuren zu begreifen, der eine Diskussion und somit eine öffentliche Debatte erforderlich macht. Für diese werden offen zugängliche, objektive Informationen über Potenziale der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und Effizienzmaßnahmen erforderlich. An dieser Stelle setzt das deutsch-französische Forschungsprojekt Plan-EE an. Ziel des Projektes ist es, für die regionale Energiewende eine offene Informationsgrundlage in Form räumlicher Szenarien bereit zu stellen und diese in die regionale Debatte zu integrieren. Neben der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energie werden dabei energetische Sanierungspotenziale betrachtet. Um eine Datengrundlage zu schaffen, wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, der den Gebäudebestand des Untersuchungsraums Südpfalz hinsichtlich energetischer Gesichtspunkte typisiert. Hierzu wird die Siedlungsstruktur automatisiert kleinräumig und multitemporal auf Basis topographischer Daten analysiert und eine Abschätzung des Baualters von Gebäuden realisiert. Aus mittleren Verbrauchsdaten von Haushalten werden gebäudetypische Wärmeenergiebedarfe abgeleitet und auf den klassifizierten regionalen Gebäude bestand übertragen.
KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information, 2013
1.1 Motivation Im Jahr 2004 begann mit dem Projekt OpenStreetMap (OSM) ein neuer Ansatz für die E... more 1.1 Motivation Im Jahr 2004 begann mit dem Projekt OpenStreetMap (OSM) ein neuer Ansatz für die Erstellung und Nutzung von Geodaten. Die Verbreitung von GPSGeräten bei Privatanwendern und die Verfügbarkeit von Webkartendiensten, mit denen u. a. hochauflösende Orthobilddaten zur Verfügung gestellt werden, haben das Projekt ermöglicht. Mit zunehmender Vollständigkeit und Aktualität der OSM-Daten steigt das Interesse, diese Daten für verschiedene Anwendungen zu nutzen. Rechtliche Unsicherheiten bei der Nutzung der OSM-Daten sollten durch den inzwischen abgeschlossenen Wechsel des OpenStreetMap Projektes von der Creative Commons Share Alike Lizenz (CC-BY-SA) zur für Geodatenbanken besser geeigneten Open Database Lizenz (ODbl) beseitigt sein. Die Nutzung der OSM-Daten ist dadurch vereinfacht worden, da für Werke, die aus den Daten abgeleitet werden, nun auch der Urheberschutz Anwendung finden kann. Nur Verbesserungen an den OSM-Daten selbst müssen nunmehr in das Projekt zurückfließen. Finanzielle Einsparungen stellt für viele mögliche Anwender darüber hinaus häufig eine weitere Motivation dar. Allgemein gewinnen die OSM-Daten somit neben der privaten Nutzung auch für den Russell, J.A., 2003, Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion, Psychological Review, 110(1), 145–172. Sullivan, W.C., Kuo, F.E. & Depooter, S., 2004, The fruit of urban nature: Vital neighborhood spaces. Environment & Behavior, 36(5), 678–700. Tauscher S. & Neumann K., 2012, Combining web map services and opinion mining to generate sentiment maps of touristic locations. In: Jobst M. (Ed.) Service Oriented Mapping 2012, JobstMedia Management Verlag Wien, 277–286. Ulrich, R.S., 1984, View through a window may influence recovery from surgery, Science, 224, 420–421. Ulrich, R.S., 1986, Human responses to vegetation and landscapes, Landscape and Urban Planning, 13, 29–44. Van den Berg, A.E., Hartig, T. & Staats, H., 2007, Preferences for nature in urbanized societies: stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability, Journal of Social Issues, 63(1), 79–96. Watson, D. & Clark, L.A., 1992, Affects separable and inseparable: On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489–505. White, A., 2007, A Global Projection of Subjective Wellbeing: A Challenge to Positive Psychology?, Psychtalk, 56, 17–20. Wierzbicka, A., 1999, Emotions across languages and cultures: Diversity and universals, Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. Zacharias, J., 2001, Path choice and visual stimuli: Signs of human activity and architecture, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 341–352. Zajonc, R.B., 1968, Attitudinal effects of mere exposure, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9 (2, part 2), 1–28.
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2018
Information on the distribution and dynamics of dwellings and their inhabitants is essential to s... more Information on the distribution and dynamics of dwellings and their inhabitants is essential to support decision-making in various fields such as energy provision, land use planning, risk assessment and disaster management. However, as various different of approaches to estimate the current distribution of population and dwellings exists, further evidence on past dynamics is needed for a better understanding of urban processes. This article therefore addresses the question of whether and how accurately historical distributions of dwellings and inhabitants can be reconstructed with commonly available geodata from national mapping and cadastral agencies. For this purpose, an approach for the automatic derivation of such information is presented. The data basis is constituted by a current digital landscape model and a 3D building model combined with historical land use information automatically extracted from historical topographic maps. For this purpose, methods of image processing, m...
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Papers by Robert Hecht