Server Consolidation is desired in order to make efficient use of available servers. This is achi... more Server Consolidation is desired in order to make efficient use of available servers. This is achieved by using the concept of hypervisor. A large number of hypervisors are available in the market. Users have to choose a hypervisor depending on the type of application. Due to the large difference in the architecture of various hypervisors, it is very difficult to find which hypervisor will be best suitable for the application. The aim of this paper is to benchmark the hypervisors and examine the performance of NAS Parallel Benchmarks. Two hypervisors i.e. Xen and VMware were identified and their performance was measured against various factors.
2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, 2010
Abstract This work evaluates the performance of block based Sieve of Eratosthenes method over clu... more Abstract This work evaluates the performance of block based Sieve of Eratosthenes method over cluster and LAN grid platform using Design of Experiments Methodology. The MPI Implementation of Sieve of Eratosthenes method in the form of prime number programs ...
2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, 2010
Abstract Sequential or single-threaded programming is already a complicated task. The shift to mu... more Abstract Sequential or single-threaded programming is already a complicated task. The shift to multithreaded programming only increases complexity, cost and code of the program and moreover increases the effort required for debugging, to avoid deadlocks, race conditions ...
The dawn of the neocolonial project has seen the emergence of a new space: data. Data is a raw ma... more The dawn of the neocolonial project has seen the emergence of a new space: data. Data is a raw material that can be stitched, processed and marketed in the same way as the East India Company (EIC) used to do with India’s cotton. EIC, which started as one of the world’s first joint-stock companies, turned into a wild beast, building a corporate lobby with the help of lawyers and MP shareholders to amend legislation in its favor. The EIC became a particularly atrocious and innovative colonial project that directly or indirectly controlled continents, thanks to an army larger than the army of any nation-state at the time. The Drain Theory of Dadabhai Naroji have opened India’s eyes to how the EIC was taking raw material from the country and converting it into a finished product that was marketed in India again in the same way as raw data is being processed outside India and then marketed here today. In today’s digital era, big corporations need not own big armies, as companies are prot...
Reeta Sony A.L - National Law University, New Delhi, India. E-mail:[email protected] ... more Reeta Sony A.L - National Law University, New Delhi, India. E-mail:[email protected] Krishna Deva Rao - Professor, National Law University, New Delhi, India. E-mail: [email protected] Devi Prasad - Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India. E-mail: [email protected] world has become more Information Technology (IT) dependent. It is converting all aspects of our lives into invisible data. The tremendous worldwide growth of this electronic format data has caused a demand for data storage and processing power, with cloud computing emerging as an important option. Cloud computing is not a new technology, just the most recent technological development. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, where data storage and processing take place over the internet. The very basic nature of the Internet and new features of cloud computing, such as the geographical distribution of data (multiple jurisdictions, multiple copies of data), the lack of physical access to the server (remote server),and the absence of transparency in data processing (lack of control), raise new legal challenges in understanding how to apply the law in relation to data protection in this multi-jurisdictional environment. The Google Navy and Pirate Bay's flying drones are redefining the concept of cloud computing by planning to host their data centers in the sea and in the air. They are utilizing the sea and air as their territory because they are beyond nation-state control and no jurisdiction applies to these territories' free data centers. This development necessitates the provision of international law and international technology, which will provide a neutral interconnected system for data protection. This research paper assesses the impact of cloud computing on data protection and tries to highlight the jurisdictional issues from a legal point of view.
Artificial Intelligence can be called as one of the landmark technological revolution of 21 st ce... more Artificial Intelligence can be called as one of the landmark technological revolution of 21 st century, capable of influencing almost all aspects of our life. National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (NSAI) released by NITI Aayog acknowledges the fact that AI can bring tremendous changes in the field of Mobility, Healthcare, Agriculture, and Education. Another area where AI can effectively be applied is in criminal justice administration. This project discusses the role of AI in improvising the criminal justice system in India.
At present, algorithms are becoming the heart of society by taking control over the decision-maki... more At present, algorithms are becoming the heart of society by taking control over the decision-making process as societies are increasingly getting digitalised. There is a consistent theme that an unaccountable, black box technology has taken over the stage and is now making decisions for us, with us, and about us. But the contention around public participation in making decisions in science and technology needs to advance to a stage where there is a more direct conversation between the public and those developing the technologies. With the above mentioned conception of moderating emerging technologies’ development, primarily digital technology due to its overreaching effects on humans and what humans interpret it to be. Firstly, the research through a literature survey is aimed to understand the meaning and nuances of the word algorithm. Then the analysis based on case study is focused on the algorithmic questions, such as bias, privacy, design, transparency, and accountability. In a...
Technological innovation and development in the healthcare sector have cast the foundations for t... more Technological innovation and development in the healthcare sector have cast the foundations for the growth of telemedicine. Telemedicine uses remote virtual channels to deliver healthcare services to regions in the rural and urban belts. The advantages of telemedicine include timely access to healthcare: in many cases, it would be difficult to provide timely healthcare services in the absence of telemedicine. In remote healthcare, telemedicine has been especially helpful in areas with scarce healthcare services. Telemedicine is not an autonomous service; rather, it is subject to different regulations of a complex ethical and medico-legal nature. The Constitution of India states that healthcare services are largely the responsibility of state governments as per item 6 "Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries" of the State List under Schedule 7 of the Constitution. However, the central government provides the framework for health policy and planning. In particular, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India (MoHFW) is responsible for initiating the digitization of healthcare. In January 2020, the NDHB promulgated the comprehensive architectural framework of the "Federated National Health Information System." This framework is directed towards linking public and private healthcare organizations across all the value chains of primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare. Furthermore, on 25 th March 2020 after the unexpected
According to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) official website for coronavirus, the disease ... more According to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) official website for coronavirus, the disease has spread to approximately 214 countries and regions. While the disease is spreading mercilessly around the world, science and technology are giving it an equal fight. The pandemic is a test of governments' medical capacity and their political will; it also raises several philosophical questions. It is a test of humans as a unit. A test of humanity as a whole. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is intended to imitate human cognitive functions. It will bring significant change to health care, driven by the growing accessibility of healthcare data and rapid advancement of analytics practices. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, AI is being used to assist and advise doctors in establishing a diagnosis, to support radiologists in refining image explanation, and help in the advancement of drug discovery research. The upsurge of new technologies gives rise to new questions. There is still considerable uncertainty in the field of Intellectual Property (IP) protection of AI-generated works. AI does not have legal personhood, so the question remains about whether it holds any IP rights. In this article, we discuss the IP rights of AI-generated works with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of international and national laws and treaties on IP rights for AI-generated solutions to the pandemic, as well as to study an alternative temporary mechanism to make IP widely available to mobilise resources and manufacture critical products to prevent, diagnose or treat COVID-19. The paper attempts to strike a balance between the needs of health care, life-threatening emergencies and IP rights by applying a utilitarian theory of IP law that denotes the «utility» of all people, aiming to secure «the greatest good for the greatest number».
In recent times, world has become more Information Technology (IT) dependent, it is converting al... more In recent times, world has become more Information Technology (IT) dependent, it is converting all the aspect of our life into invisible data. Thetremendous growth of this electronic format data worldwide is causing the demand for data storage and processing power and cloud computing emerged and being proven as an important option.Cloud computing is not a new technology it is just a most recent technological development. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, where the data storage and processing will take place on the internet. The very basic nature of internet and the newfeatures of Cloud Computing such as geographically distribution of data (multiple jurisdiction, multiple copies of data), lack of physical access to the server (Remote Server)and absence of transparency on data processing (lack of control)raises new legal challenges in understanding how to apply the lawfor data protection, in this multi-jurisdictional environment, if some incident occurs in the cloud. The co...
The world has witnessed many challenges, such as economic slump, catastrophes and pandemics. Howe... more The world has witnessed many challenges, such as economic slump, catastrophes and pandemics. However, the global health pandemic, COVID-19, has created quite a stir. To address a global pandemic like COVID-19 requires a strong interlinkage of science and scientific communication as a tool for global health diplomacy with joint research activities; sharing of data on infection, laboratory, diagnostics and virology; knowledge exchange including best practices, etc. as a global public good. Science being objective and fact-based has played a unifying role in international relationships. It is even more evident during global health emergencies where science and its use as diplomatic communication tool have the potential to promote peace and healthy living for communities. In this perspective, it is essential to understand the soft power role of science communication and the autonomous role that science and scientists can play in international relations. Three cases have been analysed to explore the role of science and its effective communication as a tool for diplomatic persuasion and attraction using three classifications, namely: science directing foreign relations; science enabling international relations; and science advising policy-making. With learnings from the cases, the path ahead in the case of a pandemic like COVID-19 is projected with emphasis on 'Open Science Diplomacy' as a model for next-generation science communication and diplomacy in international relations.
Server Consolidation is desired in order to make efficient use of available servers. This is achi... more Server Consolidation is desired in order to make efficient use of available servers. This is achieved by using the concept of hypervisor. A large number of hypervisors are available in the market. Users have to choose a hypervisor depending on the type of application. Due to the large difference in the architecture of various hypervisors, it is very difficult to find which hypervisor will be best suitable for the application. The aim of this paper is to benchmark the hypervisors and examine the performance of NAS Parallel Benchmarks. Two hypervisors i.e. Xen and VMware were identified and their performance was measured against various factors.
2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, 2010
Abstract This work evaluates the performance of block based Sieve of Eratosthenes method over clu... more Abstract This work evaluates the performance of block based Sieve of Eratosthenes method over cluster and LAN grid platform using Design of Experiments Methodology. The MPI Implementation of Sieve of Eratosthenes method in the form of prime number programs ...
2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, 2010
Abstract Sequential or single-threaded programming is already a complicated task. The shift to mu... more Abstract Sequential or single-threaded programming is already a complicated task. The shift to multithreaded programming only increases complexity, cost and code of the program and moreover increases the effort required for debugging, to avoid deadlocks, race conditions ...
The dawn of the neocolonial project has seen the emergence of a new space: data. Data is a raw ma... more The dawn of the neocolonial project has seen the emergence of a new space: data. Data is a raw material that can be stitched, processed and marketed in the same way as the East India Company (EIC) used to do with India’s cotton. EIC, which started as one of the world’s first joint-stock companies, turned into a wild beast, building a corporate lobby with the help of lawyers and MP shareholders to amend legislation in its favor. The EIC became a particularly atrocious and innovative colonial project that directly or indirectly controlled continents, thanks to an army larger than the army of any nation-state at the time. The Drain Theory of Dadabhai Naroji have opened India’s eyes to how the EIC was taking raw material from the country and converting it into a finished product that was marketed in India again in the same way as raw data is being processed outside India and then marketed here today. In today’s digital era, big corporations need not own big armies, as companies are prot...
Reeta Sony A.L - National Law University, New Delhi, India. E-mail:[email protected] ... more Reeta Sony A.L - National Law University, New Delhi, India. E-mail:[email protected] Krishna Deva Rao - Professor, National Law University, New Delhi, India. E-mail: [email protected] Devi Prasad - Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India. E-mail: [email protected] world has become more Information Technology (IT) dependent. It is converting all aspects of our lives into invisible data. The tremendous worldwide growth of this electronic format data has caused a demand for data storage and processing power, with cloud computing emerging as an important option. Cloud computing is not a new technology, just the most recent technological development. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, where data storage and processing take place over the internet. The very basic nature of the Internet and new features of cloud computing, such as the geographical distribution of data (multiple jurisdictions, multiple copies of data), the lack of physical access to the server (remote server),and the absence of transparency in data processing (lack of control), raise new legal challenges in understanding how to apply the law in relation to data protection in this multi-jurisdictional environment. The Google Navy and Pirate Bay's flying drones are redefining the concept of cloud computing by planning to host their data centers in the sea and in the air. They are utilizing the sea and air as their territory because they are beyond nation-state control and no jurisdiction applies to these territories' free data centers. This development necessitates the provision of international law and international technology, which will provide a neutral interconnected system for data protection. This research paper assesses the impact of cloud computing on data protection and tries to highlight the jurisdictional issues from a legal point of view.
Artificial Intelligence can be called as one of the landmark technological revolution of 21 st ce... more Artificial Intelligence can be called as one of the landmark technological revolution of 21 st century, capable of influencing almost all aspects of our life. National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (NSAI) released by NITI Aayog acknowledges the fact that AI can bring tremendous changes in the field of Mobility, Healthcare, Agriculture, and Education. Another area where AI can effectively be applied is in criminal justice administration. This project discusses the role of AI in improvising the criminal justice system in India.
At present, algorithms are becoming the heart of society by taking control over the decision-maki... more At present, algorithms are becoming the heart of society by taking control over the decision-making process as societies are increasingly getting digitalised. There is a consistent theme that an unaccountable, black box technology has taken over the stage and is now making decisions for us, with us, and about us. But the contention around public participation in making decisions in science and technology needs to advance to a stage where there is a more direct conversation between the public and those developing the technologies. With the above mentioned conception of moderating emerging technologies’ development, primarily digital technology due to its overreaching effects on humans and what humans interpret it to be. Firstly, the research through a literature survey is aimed to understand the meaning and nuances of the word algorithm. Then the analysis based on case study is focused on the algorithmic questions, such as bias, privacy, design, transparency, and accountability. In a...
Technological innovation and development in the healthcare sector have cast the foundations for t... more Technological innovation and development in the healthcare sector have cast the foundations for the growth of telemedicine. Telemedicine uses remote virtual channels to deliver healthcare services to regions in the rural and urban belts. The advantages of telemedicine include timely access to healthcare: in many cases, it would be difficult to provide timely healthcare services in the absence of telemedicine. In remote healthcare, telemedicine has been especially helpful in areas with scarce healthcare services. Telemedicine is not an autonomous service; rather, it is subject to different regulations of a complex ethical and medico-legal nature. The Constitution of India states that healthcare services are largely the responsibility of state governments as per item 6 "Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries" of the State List under Schedule 7 of the Constitution. However, the central government provides the framework for health policy and planning. In particular, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India (MoHFW) is responsible for initiating the digitization of healthcare. In January 2020, the NDHB promulgated the comprehensive architectural framework of the "Federated National Health Information System." This framework is directed towards linking public and private healthcare organizations across all the value chains of primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare. Furthermore, on 25 th March 2020 after the unexpected
According to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) official website for coronavirus, the disease ... more According to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) official website for coronavirus, the disease has spread to approximately 214 countries and regions. While the disease is spreading mercilessly around the world, science and technology are giving it an equal fight. The pandemic is a test of governments' medical capacity and their political will; it also raises several philosophical questions. It is a test of humans as a unit. A test of humanity as a whole. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is intended to imitate human cognitive functions. It will bring significant change to health care, driven by the growing accessibility of healthcare data and rapid advancement of analytics practices. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, AI is being used to assist and advise doctors in establishing a diagnosis, to support radiologists in refining image explanation, and help in the advancement of drug discovery research. The upsurge of new technologies gives rise to new questions. There is still considerable uncertainty in the field of Intellectual Property (IP) protection of AI-generated works. AI does not have legal personhood, so the question remains about whether it holds any IP rights. In this article, we discuss the IP rights of AI-generated works with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of international and national laws and treaties on IP rights for AI-generated solutions to the pandemic, as well as to study an alternative temporary mechanism to make IP widely available to mobilise resources and manufacture critical products to prevent, diagnose or treat COVID-19. The paper attempts to strike a balance between the needs of health care, life-threatening emergencies and IP rights by applying a utilitarian theory of IP law that denotes the «utility» of all people, aiming to secure «the greatest good for the greatest number».
In recent times, world has become more Information Technology (IT) dependent, it is converting al... more In recent times, world has become more Information Technology (IT) dependent, it is converting all the aspect of our life into invisible data. Thetremendous growth of this electronic format data worldwide is causing the demand for data storage and processing power and cloud computing emerged and being proven as an important option.Cloud computing is not a new technology it is just a most recent technological development. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, where the data storage and processing will take place on the internet. The very basic nature of internet and the newfeatures of Cloud Computing such as geographically distribution of data (multiple jurisdiction, multiple copies of data), lack of physical access to the server (Remote Server)and absence of transparency on data processing (lack of control)raises new legal challenges in understanding how to apply the lawfor data protection, in this multi-jurisdictional environment, if some incident occurs in the cloud. The co...
The world has witnessed many challenges, such as economic slump, catastrophes and pandemics. Howe... more The world has witnessed many challenges, such as economic slump, catastrophes and pandemics. However, the global health pandemic, COVID-19, has created quite a stir. To address a global pandemic like COVID-19 requires a strong interlinkage of science and scientific communication as a tool for global health diplomacy with joint research activities; sharing of data on infection, laboratory, diagnostics and virology; knowledge exchange including best practices, etc. as a global public good. Science being objective and fact-based has played a unifying role in international relationships. It is even more evident during global health emergencies where science and its use as diplomatic communication tool have the potential to promote peace and healthy living for communities. In this perspective, it is essential to understand the soft power role of science communication and the autonomous role that science and scientists can play in international relations. Three cases have been analysed to explore the role of science and its effective communication as a tool for diplomatic persuasion and attraction using three classifications, namely: science directing foreign relations; science enabling international relations; and science advising policy-making. With learnings from the cases, the path ahead in the case of a pandemic like COVID-19 is projected with emphasis on 'Open Science Diplomacy' as a model for next-generation science communication and diplomacy in international relations.
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