Papers by Dr. J . K . Raut
Mycotaxon, 2011
Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), collected in urea treated soi... more Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), collected in urea treated soil of boreal forests from Canada is described and illustrated. Its micromorphological features, phylogenetic analysis, and mating test delineate this taxon as a new species. In addition, its ecological characters also indicate it is a new ammonia fungus.
Emerging viral infections such as the zika virus, dengue virus, ebola virus, corona virus are aff... more Emerging viral infections such as the zika virus, dengue virus, ebola virus, corona virus are afflicting millions of human populations worldwide. Therefore, the development of new treatments against emerging infectious diseases has become an urgent task. The availability of commercially viable, safe, and effective antiviral drugs still remains a big challenge. Mushrooms are considered as an untapped reservoir of several novel compounds of great value in industry and medicine. Although exploration, and exploitation of the therapeutic importance of fungal metabolites has started early with the discovery of penicillin, mushrooms’s pharmacological potential has much less been investigated. This article briefly reviews the antiviral potentials of mushrooms to combat deadly disease outbreaks caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses. Altogether 69 mushroom species with potent antiviral agents and mode of action against prominent viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, he...
ABSTRACT In this study, litter and upper surface of soil were collected from a mixed deciduous fo... more ABSTRACT In this study, litter and upper surface of soil were collected from a mixed deciduous forest in Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Different amounts of urea (5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 mg N per gram dry soil) were applied separately to mixtures of the litter in plant pots. Only Coprinopsis spp. occurred on the urea-treated soils. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the Coprinopsis specimens were examined. All isolates obtained from the soils were C. cinerea. Litter decomposing abilities of C. cinerea and other Coprinopsis spp. in ammonia fungi were examined. All tested Coprinopsis spp. had strong decomposing activities of CM cellulase and xylanase. Coprinopsis spp. except for C. cinerea and C. neolagopus also showed relatively strong ligninolytic activity. Some isolates of C. cinerea from different biogeographical areas including Thailand showed positive reactions of ligninolytic activities except for RBBR and p-cresol tests suggesting C. cinerea would simply have tyrosinase activity. It may be concluded that Coprinopsis spp. would be one of key species of ammonia fungi which contribute to the decomposition of plant materials under nitrogen-enriched environment although decomposition abilities of those species showed high variation among isolates
Mycoscience, Jan 28, 2015
ABSTRACT Coprinopsis igarashii (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) is a new fimicolous c... more ABSTRACT Coprinopsis igarashii (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) is a new fimicolous coprinoid fungus from Hokkaido, Japan. In macro- and micro-morphology, this species is similar to C. candidolanata but differs in having globose elements in the universal veil and heart-shaped basidiospores. The results of phylogenetic analysis with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data also support this new taxon.
Occurrence of Coprinopsis species immediately after an enrichment of forest floor with ammonium-n... more Occurrence of Coprinopsis species immediately after an enrichment of forest floor with ammonium-nitrogen has been reported from various biogeographical areas in the world (Sagara et al., 2008). Physiological aspects of Coprinopsis spp. [C. austrophlyctidospora (ined.)(Australia), C. phlyctidospora (Japan), Coprinopsis sp. (Canada)] and C. echinospora (Canada), collected from urea applied sites of different geographical regions were studied to elucidate their colonization mechanism in the field. As spore germination is a crucial event in the propagation of the fungus species, the effect of three environmental parameters (NH4Cl concentration, pH and temperature) on spore germination was examined firstly. NH4Cl concentration greatly influenced the spore germination. The effective range of NH4Cl concentration was found 0.0003-0.1, 0.0001-1.0, 0.01-0.3 and 0.03-0.3 M in C. austrophlyctidospora, C. phlyctidospora, Coprinopsis sp. and C. echinospora, respectively. Optimum germination occur...
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The Mycological Soc... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The Mycological Society of Japan and Springer. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author's version for posting to your own website or your institution's repository. You may further deposit the accepted author's version on a funder's repository at a funder's request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication.
Abstract 42 strains of nine Coprinopsis spp. from various geographical regions and vegetations we... more Abstract 42 strains of nine Coprinopsis spp. from various geographical regions and vegetations were tested for their enzymatic activities. Among them, five non-ammonia fungi (three Coprinopsis spp., P. ostreatus, and L. edodes) were selected as control. Among them, 26 strains formed clear zone in the ML medium supplemented with RBBR. Similarly, the number of strains that showed positive reaction for α-naphthol, syringaldazine, guaiacol, p-Cresol and H2O2 were 24, 10, 24, 4, and 8 respectively. Laccase was found as a key enzyme for ligninolytic activities among these Coprinopsis spp. with tyrosinase and peroxidase at low level. All tested ammonia and non ammonia Coprinopsis spp. had stronger endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities for cellulolysis, and endoxylanase and β-xylosidase activities for xylanolysis.
Disturbances can affect the incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in both agricultural ... more Disturbances can affect the incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. The present study is a first attempt for the qualitative assessment of AMF diversity in adjacent areas of a forest ecosystem with different land uses and assess levels of mycorrhizal colonization by these fungi. A total of five soil samples were taken randomly from each of the following areas situated within the same landscape: undisturbed coniferous forest (UF), degraded forest (DF) and cultivated land (CL). A total of 22 taxa of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to eight genera were identified morphologically, Glomus and Acaulospora being the most common. Species richness ranged from 11-14 among land use areas, with 14 species in UF and 11 species in CL. Acaulospora mellea, Gigaspora sp. and two non-identified Glomus species were detected in all areas. While species richness did not differ significantly amongst areas, diversity at the family level was 43% less in CL than in UF. Mean mycorrhizal colonization was higher in DF (28%) than CL (20%). We concluded that land use mainly affected fungal diversity only at the family level and had no impact on mycorrhizal development in sampled roots. This work provides the first step to identify native AMF species in Nepal that might be cultured for further use by small farmers in a sustainable agriculture approach.
Raut JK, Basukala O, Shrestha R, Poudel RC 2020-Scleroderma nastii sp. nov., a gasteroid mushroom... more Raut JK, Basukala O, Shrestha R, Poudel RC 2020-Scleroderma nastii sp. nov., a gasteroid mushroom from Phulchoki hill, Nepal. Studies in Fungi 5(1), 50-58, Doi 10.5943/sif/5/1/4 Abstract A new species of Scleroderma is described from temperate Oak forest of Phulchoki hill, at the highest peak (2,762 m) ringing the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Smooth to velvety, pseudostipitate basidiome, smaller and sub-reticulate basidiospores in comparison to its close relatives, are key diagnostic features of this newly discovered mushroom. The novelty of the taxon was also confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis using the data sets of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear rDNA sequences along with the analysis of scanning electron micrographs of its basidiospores. A comprehensive description, illustrations, and comparisons with phenetically similar species are provided in this study. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.
This study attempts to analyze the current scenario of the mushroom enterprise in Nepal. The stud... more This study attempts to analyze the current scenario of the mushroom enterprise in Nepal. The study provides insights on its future prospects as a major agro-industry. It also explores issues and challenges facing the Nepalese's mushroom industry by using a critical and SWOT analysis. Though, Nepal has all the requisites of low-cost labor, favorable climatic conditions, plentiful cheap supply of raw substrates, spawns and other inputs to become a leading mushroom producer. The industry is still in the state of infancy. The main challenges include inadequate scientific research on mushrooms; lack of adoption of improved technology, insufficient investment; unstable farm-gate prices and profit margins, poor supply and the increasing price of raw material e.g., rice straw; the poor quality of mushroom spawn, and the threat of diseases and pests attack. Several strategies are also presented here to improve the mushroom enterprise in Nepal.
In Nepal morel mushroom is one of the most important wild edible fungi, which is exported, in lar... more In Nepal morel mushroom is one of the most important wild edible fungi, which is exported, in larger quantities.
Raut JK, Basukala O, Shrestha R, Poudel RC 2020-Scleroderma nastii sp. nov., a gasteroid mushroom... more Raut JK, Basukala O, Shrestha R, Poudel RC 2020-Scleroderma nastii sp. nov., a gasteroid mushroom from Phulchoki hill, Nepal. Studies in Fungi 5(1), 50-58, Doi 10.5943/sif/5/1/4 Abstract A new species of Scleroderma is described from temperate Oak forest of Phulchoki hill, at the highest peak (2,762 m) ringing the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Smooth to velvety, pseudostipitate basidiome, smaller and sub-reticulate basidiospores in comparison to its close relatives, are key diagnostic features of this newly discovered mushroom. The novelty of the taxon was also confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis using the data sets of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear rDNA sequences along with the analysis of scanning electron micrographs of its basidiospores. A comprehensive description, illustrations, and comparisons with phenetically similar species are provided in this study. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.
Emerging viral infections such as the zika virus, dengue virus, ebola virus, corona virus are aff... more Emerging viral infections such as the zika virus, dengue virus, ebola virus, corona virus are afflicting millions of human populations worldwide. Therefore, the development of new treatments against emerging infectious diseases has become an urgent task. The availability of commercially viable, safe, and effective antiviral drugs still remains a big challenge. Mushrooms are considered as an untapped reservoir of several novel compounds of great value in industry and medicine. Although exploration, and exploitation of the therapeutic importance of fungal metabolites has started early with the discovery of penicillin, mushrooms's pharmacological potential has much less been investigated. This article briefly reviews the antiviral potentials of mushrooms to combat deadly disease outbreaks caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses. Altogether 69 mushroom species with potent antiviral agents and mode of action against prominent viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, corona viruses etc. are listed in this study. Further studies are encouraged to discover more novel potent antiviral agents or evaluate already known compounds from those mushrooms with clinical trials.
In Nepal morel mushroom is one of the most important wild edible fungi, which is exported, in lar... more In Nepal morel mushroom is one of the most important wild edible fungi, which is exported, in larger quantities.
Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), collected in urea treated soi... more Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), collected in urea treated soil of boreal forests from Canada is described and illustrated. Its micromorphological features, phylogenetic analysis, and mating test delineate this taxon as a new species. In addition, its ecological characters also indicate it is a new ammonia fungus.
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Papers by Dr. J . K . Raut