Amylose content is a parameter that correlates with the cooking behavior of rice. It is measured ... more Amylose content is a parameter that correlates with the cooking behavior of rice. It is measured at the earliest possible stages of rice improvement programs to enable breeders to build the foundations of appropriate grain quality during cultivar development. Amylose is usually quantified by absorbance of the amylose-iodine complex. The International Network for Quality Rice (INQR) conducted a survey to determine ways that amylose is measured, reproducibility between laboratories, and sources of variation. Each laboratory measured the amylose content of a set of 17 cultivars of rice. The study shows that five different versions of the iodine
Basmati rice is recognized in the world due to fine characteristics. Keeping in view consumer int... more Basmati rice is recognized in the world due to fine characteristics. Keeping in view consumer interest; quality characteristics were determined to integrate overall quality of variety; and trace out relationship among popular basmati cultivars. Varieties size varied significantly (6.61 to 7.7 mm; 7.05 ± 0.45; CV = 6.383) corresponding thousand kernels weight range (16.0 to 18.1 g). Relationship of size, shape and corresponding quality index were r = 0.97, r = 0.72 and r = 0.68, respectively. Analogy prevailed in common cooking and physicochemical traits. Elongation and solid loss in gruel correlated to water uptake as r = 0.452 and r = 0.55, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics differences comprised of amylose (19.8 to 25.4%); alkali digestion value (2.5 to 4.5); Gel consistency (59.0 ± 1 to 64.4 ± 2 mm); crude protein (6.94 to 9.53%); lipids (0.39 to 0.45%); fiber (0.07 to 0.08%); ash (0.67 to 0.85%); Ca, K, P Na and Mg (0.21 to 0.84 g/100 g) and Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn (180 to 3602 µg/100 g). Extent of relationship of amylose to size (r = 0.36) was same as weight (r = 0.32). Differences implicated characteristics like size, shape, quality index; alkali spread value is better criterion for assessing adulteration or varietal admixture. Differences in index corresponding to breadth or thickness are very small compared to length. Variations in size and shape (6.383 and 6.69%) are considerable denoting varietal development from single origin basmati 370. Pronounced differences in arithmetic values towards upper limit in data range size, and shape showed sufficient advancement in quality enhancement. If varietal development further skewed then varieties like Basmati 370; Kashmir; and Shaheen though pioneer in quality may tender out liar. Alternatively, sub classification of these varieties is inevitable.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2001
Though clinical examination is usually adequate for making a probable diagnosis in neck swellings... more Though clinical examination is usually adequate for making a probable diagnosis in neck swellings, yet in a good number of situations this doesn't happen. The useful modality of ultrasonography was applied in thirty such cases. The use of this investigative techneque helped n;ot only to determine the true nature of the swellings and its relation to vital adjacent structures, but also aided in making decision regarding early surgical treatment of inflammatory swelling.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 1999
A rare case of long standing foreign body (part of a scissors blade) in the pterygo-palatine foss... more A rare case of long standing foreign body (part of a scissors blade) in the pterygo-palatine fossa producing trismus is reported for clinical interest.
With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and... more With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and with Western consumers, we have a strong desire to understand better the importance of the different traits that make up the quality of the rice grain and obtain a full picture of rice quality demographics. Rice is by no means a 'one size fits all' crop. Regional preferences are not only striking, they drive the market and hence are of major economic importance in any rice breeding / improvement strategy. In this analysis, we have engaged local experts across the world to perform a full assessment of all the major rice quality trait characteristics and importantly, to determine how these are combined in the most preferred varieties for each of their regions. Physical as well as biochemical characteristics have been monitored and this has resulted in the identification of no less than 18 quality trait combinations. This complexity immediately reveals the extent of the specificity of consumer preference. Nevertheless, further assessment of these combinations at the variety level reveals that several groups still comprise varieties which consumers can readily identify as being different. This emphasises the shortcomings in the current tools we have available to assess rice quality and raises the issue of how we might correct for this in the future. Only with additional tools and research will we be able to define directed strategies for rice breeding which are able to combine important agronomic features with the demands of local consumers for specific quality attributes and hence, design new, improved crop varieties which will be awarded success in the global market.
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2011
The emissary veins are residual connections between intra-cerebral veins and their extra-cranial ... more The emissary veins are residual connections between intra-cerebral veins and their extra-cranial drainage. Mastoid emissary vein is a rare but definite entity which if not diagnosed preoperatively could be a cause of severe hemorrhage at the time of surgery which may prove to be life threatening. These veins may vary in size from that of a mere thread to that of a wax match or 1/8th-3/8th of an inch. We report one such case of a giant mastoid emissary vein which was opened while operating on mastoid and caused profuse bleeding which could only be controlled by surgical pack.
In rice-consuming countries, specific varieties are recognized as premium, "gold standard" variet... more In rice-consuming countries, specific varieties are recognized as premium, "gold standard" varieties, while others are recognized as being superior but second best, despite being identical using the current suite of tools to evaluate quality. The objectives of this study were to determine if there are distinguishable differences in sensory properties of premium and second best varieties and whether these differences are common to premium varieties. Color, an important sensory property, was determined on the raw and cooked rice using a colorimeter. As raw rice, some of the premium varieties were whiter than their second best counterparts while others were not. However, when cooked, with two exceptions, the premium varieties were of the same or greater whiteness than their counterparts. A trained sensory panel employed descriptive sensory analysis, an objective tool, to characterize and analytically measure the flavor (aromatics, taste, mouthfeel) and texture of premium and second best varieties collected from nine rice-consuming countries. Sweet taste, popcorn aroma/ flavor, and water-like metallic mouthfeel showed significant differences in intensity between the premium-second best variety pairs. Slickness, roughness, and springiness were the major traits that distinguished the texture of varieties. Quality evaluation programs do not routinely measure these texture and flavor traits, but the fact that they distinguished the varieties in most pairs indicates that their measurement should be added to the suite of grain quality tests in the development of new higher-yielding, stresstolerant varieties. The incorporation of premium quality will ensure that quality is no impediment to widespread adoption leading to enhanced productivity and food security.
With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and... more With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and with Western consumers, we have a strong desire to understand better the importance of the different traits that make up the quality of the rice grain and obtain a full picture of rice quality demographics. Rice is by no means a 'one size fits all' crop. Regional preferences are not only striking, they drive the market and hence are of major economic importance in any rice breeding / improvement strategy. In this analysis, we have engaged local experts across the world to perform a full assessment of all the major rice quality trait characteristics and importantly, to determine how these are combined in the most preferred varieties for each of their regions. Physical as well as biochemical characteristics have been monitored and this has resulted in the identification of no less than 18 quality trait combinations. This complexity immediately reveals the extent of the specificity of consumer preference. Nevertheless, further assessment of these combinations at the variety level reveals that several groups still comprise varieties which consumers can readily identify as being different. This emphasises the shortcomings in the current tools we have available to assess rice quality and raises the issue of how we might correct for this in the future. Only with additional tools and research will we be able to define directed strategies for rice breeding which are able to combine important agronomic features with the demands of local consumers for specific quality attributes and hence, design new, improved crop varieties which will be awarded success in the global market.
The densities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, η of pure benzyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 2-p... more The densities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, η of pure benzyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and those of their binary mixtures, with benzyl alcohol as a common component, have been measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K over the entire composition range. The excess molar volume, V , deviation in isentropic compressibility, Δks, excess thermal expansivity, α, deviations in ultrasonic speed, Δu
In this paper, the multilinear normal distribution is introduced as an extension of the matrix-va... more In this paper, the multilinear normal distribution is introduced as an extension of the matrix-variate normal distribution. Basic properties such as marginal and conditional distributions, moments, and the characteristic function, are also presented. The estimation of parameters using a flip-flop algorithm is also briefly discussed.
This paper presents experimental data for densities, ρ, viscosities, η, ultrasonic speeds, u, and... more This paper presents experimental data for densities, ρ, viscosities, η, ultrasonic speeds, u, and refractive indices, n, of pure styrene (STY), chlorobenzene (CB), ethylalcohol (EA) and of their binary liquid mixtures over the entire composition range at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, ...
The uncommon occurrence of acute retropharyngeal abscess in adults can be the result of a retaine... more The uncommon occurrence of acute retropharyngeal abscess in adults can be the result of a retained foreign body. A large piece of wood impacted in the neck in a road traffic accident and presenting as retropharyngeal and bilateral parapharyngeal abscesses is reported for its rarity and clinical interest.
In this paper, we provide an overview of recently developed methods for the analysis of multivari... more In this paper, we provide an overview of recently developed methods for the analysis of multivariate data that do not necessarily emanate from a normal universe. Multivariate data occur naturally in the life sciences and in other research fields. When drawing inference, it is generally recommended to take the multivariate nature of the data into account, and not merely analyze each variable separately. Furthermore, it is often of major interest to select an appropriate set of important variables. We present contributions in three different, but closely related, research areas: first, a general approach to the comparison of mean vectors, which allows for profile analysis and tests of dimensionality; second, non-parametric and parametric methods for the comparison of independent samples of multivariate observations; and third, methods for the situation where the experimental units are observed repeatedly, for example, over time, and the main focus is on analyzing different time profiles when the number p of repeated observations per subject is larger than the number n of subjects.
Amylose content is a parameter that correlates with the cooking behavior of rice. It is measured ... more Amylose content is a parameter that correlates with the cooking behavior of rice. It is measured at the earliest possible stages of rice improvement programs to enable breeders to build the foundations of appropriate grain quality during cultivar development. Amylose is usually quantified by absorbance of the amylose-iodine complex. The International Network for Quality Rice (INQR) conducted a survey to determine ways that amylose is measured, reproducibility between laboratories, and sources of variation. Each laboratory measured the amylose content of a set of 17 cultivars of rice. The study shows that five different versions of the iodine
Basmati rice is recognized in the world due to fine characteristics. Keeping in view consumer int... more Basmati rice is recognized in the world due to fine characteristics. Keeping in view consumer interest; quality characteristics were determined to integrate overall quality of variety; and trace out relationship among popular basmati cultivars. Varieties size varied significantly (6.61 to 7.7 mm; 7.05 ± 0.45; CV = 6.383) corresponding thousand kernels weight range (16.0 to 18.1 g). Relationship of size, shape and corresponding quality index were r = 0.97, r = 0.72 and r = 0.68, respectively. Analogy prevailed in common cooking and physicochemical traits. Elongation and solid loss in gruel correlated to water uptake as r = 0.452 and r = 0.55, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics differences comprised of amylose (19.8 to 25.4%); alkali digestion value (2.5 to 4.5); Gel consistency (59.0 ± 1 to 64.4 ± 2 mm); crude protein (6.94 to 9.53%); lipids (0.39 to 0.45%); fiber (0.07 to 0.08%); ash (0.67 to 0.85%); Ca, K, P Na and Mg (0.21 to 0.84 g/100 g) and Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn (180 to 3602 µg/100 g). Extent of relationship of amylose to size (r = 0.36) was same as weight (r = 0.32). Differences implicated characteristics like size, shape, quality index; alkali spread value is better criterion for assessing adulteration or varietal admixture. Differences in index corresponding to breadth or thickness are very small compared to length. Variations in size and shape (6.383 and 6.69%) are considerable denoting varietal development from single origin basmati 370. Pronounced differences in arithmetic values towards upper limit in data range size, and shape showed sufficient advancement in quality enhancement. If varietal development further skewed then varieties like Basmati 370; Kashmir; and Shaheen though pioneer in quality may tender out liar. Alternatively, sub classification of these varieties is inevitable.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2001
Though clinical examination is usually adequate for making a probable diagnosis in neck swellings... more Though clinical examination is usually adequate for making a probable diagnosis in neck swellings, yet in a good number of situations this doesn't happen. The useful modality of ultrasonography was applied in thirty such cases. The use of this investigative techneque helped n;ot only to determine the true nature of the swellings and its relation to vital adjacent structures, but also aided in making decision regarding early surgical treatment of inflammatory swelling.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 1999
A rare case of long standing foreign body (part of a scissors blade) in the pterygo-palatine foss... more A rare case of long standing foreign body (part of a scissors blade) in the pterygo-palatine fossa producing trismus is reported for clinical interest.
With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and... more With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and with Western consumers, we have a strong desire to understand better the importance of the different traits that make up the quality of the rice grain and obtain a full picture of rice quality demographics. Rice is by no means a 'one size fits all' crop. Regional preferences are not only striking, they drive the market and hence are of major economic importance in any rice breeding / improvement strategy. In this analysis, we have engaged local experts across the world to perform a full assessment of all the major rice quality trait characteristics and importantly, to determine how these are combined in the most preferred varieties for each of their regions. Physical as well as biochemical characteristics have been monitored and this has resulted in the identification of no less than 18 quality trait combinations. This complexity immediately reveals the extent of the specificity of consumer preference. Nevertheless, further assessment of these combinations at the variety level reveals that several groups still comprise varieties which consumers can readily identify as being different. This emphasises the shortcomings in the current tools we have available to assess rice quality and raises the issue of how we might correct for this in the future. Only with additional tools and research will we be able to define directed strategies for rice breeding which are able to combine important agronomic features with the demands of local consumers for specific quality attributes and hence, design new, improved crop varieties which will be awarded success in the global market.
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2011
The emissary veins are residual connections between intra-cerebral veins and their extra-cranial ... more The emissary veins are residual connections between intra-cerebral veins and their extra-cranial drainage. Mastoid emissary vein is a rare but definite entity which if not diagnosed preoperatively could be a cause of severe hemorrhage at the time of surgery which may prove to be life threatening. These veins may vary in size from that of a mere thread to that of a wax match or 1/8th-3/8th of an inch. We report one such case of a giant mastoid emissary vein which was opened while operating on mastoid and caused profuse bleeding which could only be controlled by surgical pack.
In rice-consuming countries, specific varieties are recognized as premium, "gold standard" variet... more In rice-consuming countries, specific varieties are recognized as premium, "gold standard" varieties, while others are recognized as being superior but second best, despite being identical using the current suite of tools to evaluate quality. The objectives of this study were to determine if there are distinguishable differences in sensory properties of premium and second best varieties and whether these differences are common to premium varieties. Color, an important sensory property, was determined on the raw and cooked rice using a colorimeter. As raw rice, some of the premium varieties were whiter than their second best counterparts while others were not. However, when cooked, with two exceptions, the premium varieties were of the same or greater whiteness than their counterparts. A trained sensory panel employed descriptive sensory analysis, an objective tool, to characterize and analytically measure the flavor (aromatics, taste, mouthfeel) and texture of premium and second best varieties collected from nine rice-consuming countries. Sweet taste, popcorn aroma/ flavor, and water-like metallic mouthfeel showed significant differences in intensity between the premium-second best variety pairs. Slickness, roughness, and springiness were the major traits that distinguished the texture of varieties. Quality evaluation programs do not routinely measure these texture and flavor traits, but the fact that they distinguished the varieties in most pairs indicates that their measurement should be added to the suite of grain quality tests in the development of new higher-yielding, stresstolerant varieties. The incorporation of premium quality will ensure that quality is no impediment to widespread adoption leading to enhanced productivity and food security.
With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and... more With the ever-increasing global demand for high quality rice in both local production regions and with Western consumers, we have a strong desire to understand better the importance of the different traits that make up the quality of the rice grain and obtain a full picture of rice quality demographics. Rice is by no means a 'one size fits all' crop. Regional preferences are not only striking, they drive the market and hence are of major economic importance in any rice breeding / improvement strategy. In this analysis, we have engaged local experts across the world to perform a full assessment of all the major rice quality trait characteristics and importantly, to determine how these are combined in the most preferred varieties for each of their regions. Physical as well as biochemical characteristics have been monitored and this has resulted in the identification of no less than 18 quality trait combinations. This complexity immediately reveals the extent of the specificity of consumer preference. Nevertheless, further assessment of these combinations at the variety level reveals that several groups still comprise varieties which consumers can readily identify as being different. This emphasises the shortcomings in the current tools we have available to assess rice quality and raises the issue of how we might correct for this in the future. Only with additional tools and research will we be able to define directed strategies for rice breeding which are able to combine important agronomic features with the demands of local consumers for specific quality attributes and hence, design new, improved crop varieties which will be awarded success in the global market.
The densities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, η of pure benzyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 2-p... more The densities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, η of pure benzyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and those of their binary mixtures, with benzyl alcohol as a common component, have been measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K over the entire composition range. The excess molar volume, V , deviation in isentropic compressibility, Δks, excess thermal expansivity, α, deviations in ultrasonic speed, Δu
In this paper, the multilinear normal distribution is introduced as an extension of the matrix-va... more In this paper, the multilinear normal distribution is introduced as an extension of the matrix-variate normal distribution. Basic properties such as marginal and conditional distributions, moments, and the characteristic function, are also presented. The estimation of parameters using a flip-flop algorithm is also briefly discussed.
This paper presents experimental data for densities, ρ, viscosities, η, ultrasonic speeds, u, and... more This paper presents experimental data for densities, ρ, viscosities, η, ultrasonic speeds, u, and refractive indices, n, of pure styrene (STY), chlorobenzene (CB), ethylalcohol (EA) and of their binary liquid mixtures over the entire composition range at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, ...
The uncommon occurrence of acute retropharyngeal abscess in adults can be the result of a retaine... more The uncommon occurrence of acute retropharyngeal abscess in adults can be the result of a retained foreign body. A large piece of wood impacted in the neck in a road traffic accident and presenting as retropharyngeal and bilateral parapharyngeal abscesses is reported for its rarity and clinical interest.
In this paper, we provide an overview of recently developed methods for the analysis of multivari... more In this paper, we provide an overview of recently developed methods for the analysis of multivariate data that do not necessarily emanate from a normal universe. Multivariate data occur naturally in the life sciences and in other research fields. When drawing inference, it is generally recommended to take the multivariate nature of the data into account, and not merely analyze each variable separately. Furthermore, it is often of major interest to select an appropriate set of important variables. We present contributions in three different, but closely related, research areas: first, a general approach to the comparison of mean vectors, which allows for profile analysis and tests of dimensionality; second, non-parametric and parametric methods for the comparison of independent samples of multivariate observations; and third, methods for the situation where the experimental units are observed repeatedly, for example, over time, and the main focus is on analyzing different time profiles when the number p of repeated observations per subject is larger than the number n of subjects.
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