A Static Compensator (StatCom) is a device that can provide reactive support to a bus. It consist... more A Static Compensator (StatCom) is a device that can provide reactive support to a bus. It consists of voltage sourced converters connected to an energy storage device on one side and to the power system on the other. In this paper, the conventional method of PI control is compared and contrasted with various feedback control strategies. A linear optimal control based on LQR control is shown to be superior in terms of response profile and control effort required. These methodologies are applied to an example power system.
Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage... more Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage control to the power system. Yet, as noted in the past, undesirable consequences can occur if coordination of limiters and protection, internal and external to the excitation system, is not properly addressed. During extreme operation of the generator and excitation system, the reliability of the system can be jeopardized, resulting in an unscheduled machine trip. The importance of the coordination between the excitation limiters and unit protection becomes obvious; but also important are the proper settings needed to ensure reliable transfer to the redundant excitation controller. This paper will address the importance of coordinating the various settings of the excitation system as well as performance checking the voltage regulator and limiter to ensure reliable operation during disturbance events.
Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage... more Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage control to the power system. Yet, as noted in the past, undesirable consequences can occur if coordination of limiters and protection, internal and external to the excitation system, is not properly addressed. During extreme operation of the generator and excitation system, the reliability of the system can be jeopardized, resulting in an unscheduled machine trip. The importance of the coordination between the excitation limiters and unit protection becomes obvious; but also important are the proper settings needed to ensure reliable transfer to the redundant excitation controller. This paper will address the importance of coordinating the various settings of the excitation system as well as performance checking the voltage regulator and limiter to ensure reliable operation during disturbance events.
This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the proportional, integral, and derivat... more This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller gains. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing PID control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. Recursive least-square (RLS) with linearization via feedback is proposed to identify the system parameters. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
This paper describes an application of swarm intelligence (SI) technique to a digital excitation ... more This paper describes an application of swarm intelligence (SI) technique to a digital excitation control system. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. A swarm intelligence (SI) technique is proposed to identify the system parameters and compared with recursive least square (RLS) with linearization via feedback. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the PID controller gains. Some of the m... more This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the PID controller gains. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing the Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. Recursive Least Square (RLS) with linearization via feedback is proposed to identify the system parameters. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
A Static Compensator (StatCom) is a device that can provide reactive support to a bus. It consist... more A Static Compensator (StatCom) is a device that can provide reactive support to a bus. It consists of voltage sourced converters connected to an energy storage device on one side and to the power system on the other. In this paper, the conventional method of PI control is compared and contrasted with various feedback control strategies. A linear optimal control based on LQR control is shown to be superior in terms of response profile and control effort required. These methodologies are applied to an example power system.
Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage... more Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage control to the power system. Yet, as noted in the past, undesirable consequences can occur if coordination of limiters and protection, internal and external to the excitation system, is not properly addressed. During extreme operation of the generator and excitation system, the reliability of the system can be jeopardized, resulting in an unscheduled machine trip. The importance of the coordination between the excitation limiters and unit protection becomes obvious; but also important are the proper settings needed to ensure reliable transfer to the redundant excitation controller. This paper will address the importance of coordinating the various settings of the excitation system as well as performance checking the voltage regulator and limiter to ensure reliable operation during disturbance events.
Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage... more Today's digital excitation systems play a significant role in providing fast and accurate voltage control to the power system. Yet, as noted in the past, undesirable consequences can occur if coordination of limiters and protection, internal and external to the excitation system, is not properly addressed. During extreme operation of the generator and excitation system, the reliability of the system can be jeopardized, resulting in an unscheduled machine trip. The importance of the coordination between the excitation limiters and unit protection becomes obvious; but also important are the proper settings needed to ensure reliable transfer to the redundant excitation controller. This paper will address the importance of coordinating the various settings of the excitation system as well as performance checking the voltage regulator and limiter to ensure reliable operation during disturbance events.
This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the proportional, integral, and derivat... more This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller gains. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing PID control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. Recursive least-square (RLS) with linearization via feedback is proposed to identify the system parameters. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
This paper describes an application of swarm intelligence (SI) technique to a digital excitation ... more This paper describes an application of swarm intelligence (SI) technique to a digital excitation control system. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. A swarm intelligence (SI) technique is proposed to identify the system parameters and compared with recursive least square (RLS) with linearization via feedback. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the PID controller gains. Some of the m... more This paper proposes an indirect method for self-tuning of the PID controller gains. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing the Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. Recursive Least Square (RLS) with linearization via feedback is proposed to identify the system parameters. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
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Papers by Pranesh Rao