Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, Jun 5, 2024
Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are co... more Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are considered pests of major field crops. In Nepal, factors such as monoculture cropping patterns, forest fragmentation, degradation of natural habitats, and changing agricultural practices contribute to increased monkey menace and human-macaque conflict. Factors such as cropping season, food resource distribution, crop variety, wild food availability, and distance from forests and farms influence the frequency and intensity of crop raiding. This study introduced non-human primates, their status, and availability in Nepal, and analyzed different crops raided by monkeys along the Buddhi Gandaki River, frequency and crop raiding season of monkeys in Jhor Mahankal and Goldhunga and suggested some solution measures for the monkey menace in Nepal. Maize was the most raided crop, while pumpkin was the least. The total percentage of crops raided was 24.62%, with an average crop loss of 29.24%. Crop raiding was most prevalent during the spring season (45%), followed by the rainy season (39%), and least prevalent during the winter season (16%). Rhesus macaques refrained from raiding crops with bitter or spicy flavors, such as turmeric, bitter gourd, chili, ginger, and mustard. The suggested control measures need to be followed to mitigate the monkey menace and manage the human-wildlife conflict.
Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, May 24, 2024
Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, susta... more Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, sustainability, and livelihoods in Nepal. This article provides a comprehensive review of FSR in Nepal, focusing on concepts, design, and methodology for optimizing farming systems. Integrated farming systems have emerged as a key strategy for small and marginal farmers to improve livelihood security and meet household needs for nutrition and income. By integrating various components such as crops, livestock, and agroforestry, farmers can enhance resource use efficiency, diversify income sources, and improve resilience to climate change impacts. FSR in Nepal combines scientific research, community engagement, and local knowledge to enhance agricultural sustainability and improve livelihoods for small-scale farmers. Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) plays a crucial role in developing a national research agenda and allocating resources to address the diverse technological needs of farmers. By integrating diverse perspectives, utilizing innovative technologies, and engaging stakeholders, FSR addresses agricultural system complexities and contributes to food security, environmental sustainability, and rural development.
Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, Dec 30, 2023
Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecologic... more Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecological principles. This article explores agroecology's theoretical foundations, practical applications, and historical evolution, along with its impact on modern agricultural methods. Agroecology looks at how biophysical and social elements combine to produce food sustainably, promote social justice, and protect the environment. The first section of the article looks at how agroecology developed as a scientific field, discussing its fundamental ideas, practices, and objectives-all of which emphasize participatory, adaptive, and holistic methodologies. The inquiry also looks into how agroecology might support biodiversity, resilience to climate change, and sustainable livelihoods. This article also explores the rise of agroecology as a movement driven by social activism, environmental consciousness, and a search for alternative food systems. After that, the article dives further into the history of agroecology, emphasizing the pioneers' contributions and the development of agroecological principles over time. The text goes on to outline the fundamental principles of agroecology. Its main objectives are enhancing resource efficiency, strengthening resilience, and ensuring social equality. This article discusses the practical applications of agroecology in various agricultural settings, such as permaculture, agroforestry, and agroecological farming systems. A few agro-ecology case studies have been described. Finally, the article highlights the future of food systems. The article concludes by highlighting the necessity of combining scientific understanding with indigenous ecological and cultural knowledge and stating that agro-ecology is viable for a more just and sustainable future for agriculture and food security.
Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, Feb 29, 2024
In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit,... more In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit, a fruit that is both popular and economically important. One particular practice that has gained recognition is top-working, which involves grafting new scions onto existing rootstocks. This horticultural technique has shown promise in improving yield, disease resistance, and overall productivity in orchards. This comprehensive review paper examines the different methods used in top working for kiwifruit cultivation, explores the factors that influence its success, and discusses the benefits and challenges associated with this practice. This review provides an overview of various techniques used for the top-working kiwifruit plants in Nepal. The success of top-working depends on factors such as timing, compatibility between scion and rootstock, grafting materials, and proper grafting techniques. This review paper also ranges over the importance of kiwifruit cultivation for Nepalese farmers, problems faced by them, persistent constraints in the country, and the future promise that kiwifruit cultivation holds for the economic advancement of the nation.
This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits... more This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits of 73 wild Lilium amabile plants from six habitats in Korea. It was observed that L. amabile is distributed nationwide at any altitude from 300 m (Mt Mangdaeam) to 1550 m (Mt Halla). The majority of the natural habitats of L. amabile were found on mountain slopes, and some were found in rugged mountain regions. The down-facing flowers of this species not only had many blotches but also dense trichomes, and the flowering time was found to be from mid-June to mid-July. ANOVA revealed significant variations in vegetative and floral traits among the six habitats, indicating that the environment has substantial influences on the various growth parameters of L. amabile, such as plant height; number of leaves, bracts, papillae, and flowers; leaf angle; and lengths of the anther, longest blotch, and nectary of the petiole. In addition, the vegetative and floral traits were found closely correlated with each other under the direct impact of the environment. These findings will facilitate to find the appropriate environmental conditions for the conservation and development of L. amabile population as future lily-breeding materials.
The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This ... more The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This study analyzed twelve genotypes (F1 hybrids) of L. brownii var. colchesteri for nine important cut flower characteristics. As part of pre-breeding, the variability analysis task for the studied traits was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses demonstrated significant variability among the genotypes for the studied cut-flower traits. The higher values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), coupled with higher heritability, along with the genetic advance expressed as a percentage mean (GAM), revealed that plant height, leaf length, leaf burn, and flower diameter had demonstrated the prevalence of the additive type of gene action. The remaining cut flower traits, especially leaf width, number of flowers, length of outer tepal, the width of outer tepal, and days to flowering, proved to have a prevalence of the non-additive type of gene action. The mean performance of the cut flower traits provides information for effective progeny selection after hybridization. The performance of Ryunghoehyeon had been found to be outstanding for plant height, flower diameter, length of the outer tepal, width of the outer tepal, days to flowering, and the number of flowers.
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2021
The performance evaluation and variability estimation are some of the most important basic steps ... more The performance evaluation and variability estimation are some of the most important basic steps in any breeding scheme and are usually taken as a pre-breeding task. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance and estimate the variability for major growth and flowering traits of Sixteen Lilium longiflorum Thunb genotypes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The estimated analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated prevailing significant variability for studied ten growth and flowering traits of all 16 genotypes. The experiment was conducted to quantify the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM), for understanding the breeding potentiality of L. longiflorum genotypes based on their performance for growth and flowering traits, so that pre-breeding scheme could be executed properly. The estimated genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) value, a...
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020
This experiment was carried out to identify superior parents [three way-cross F1s and donors (cul... more This experiment was carried out to identify superior parents [three way-cross F1s and donors (cultivars/breeding line)], and their Line×Tester hybrids (hereafter L×T hybrids) for major quantitative traits in Lilium×formolongi. The experiment was designed in line×tester mating design taking 5 three way-cross F1s as lines, 3CVs/breeding lines as testers and their 15 L×T hybrids in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for L×T analysis revealed a highly significant difference for all the studied quantitative traits revealing the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes under investigation. The estimated GCA effects revealed three way-cross F1s; (Stu× W) × AF1-6 (L2) and (AF×Ad) × HU-3(L1) found to be superior as they possessed significant GCA effects for 7 and 4 quantitative traits respectively. Likewise, Julius-19 (T1) and 12-1-2(T3) can be used as effective donors as both of them possessed significant GCA effects for 6 quantitative traits. The L×T hybrids, [57-7 (Aug×AugE)×BT] ×12-1-2 i.e. L4×T3 and [60.1 (AF×Ad) × Gel] × Julius-19 i.e.L5×T1 has possessed significant SCA effects for 5 traits and [(Stu× W) × AF1-6]×Julius-19 i.e.L2×T1, [(Stu× W) × AF1-6]×WT-5 i.e.L2×T2 and [(Stu× W) × AugE-2]×WT-5 i.e.L3×T2 had revealed significant SCA effects for 4 traits. These hybrids can be considered as promising hybrids. The estimation of gene action divulged that bud length and the attitude of the floral axis shown the prevailing of additive gene action while the rest of the traits had predominantly exhibited non-additive gene action.
An experiment was carried out using eight double cross F1s (DCF1s) as lines and two testers to ob... more An experiment was carried out using eight double cross F1s (DCF1s) as lines and two testers to obtain sixteen Line ×Tester hybrids for the evaluation of major growth and flowering traits thereby to understand the breeding potentiality of the parental lines. The performance of growth and flowering traits of all twenty-six genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed all the genotypes were significantly different for all agro-morphological traits under study. The estimated general combining ability (GCA) effects showed that parent 5(P5), were superior for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis followed by parent 2(P2) for leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis and parent7 (P7) for number of flower, flower diameter, bud length and attitude for floral axis. Likewise; tester 1 found to be best combiner...
Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (2n = 2x = 24) is a cytologically conspicuous species with both diploid... more Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (2n = 2x = 24) is a cytologically conspicuous species with both diploids and triploids in nature. Cytological and molecular genetic analyses were carried out in both diploids and triploids that were collected from 55 geographical locations in Korea, Japan, and China. While the 5S rRNA gene loci were located at duplicated loci on the long arm of chromosome 2, the 45S rRNA gene loci were present in chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 11. While the loci on chromosomes 1 and 7 were constant, the loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 11 were variable in some plants so that the L. lancifolium accessions were grouped into 7 cytotypes in diploids and 12 cytotypes in triploids. REMAP marker analysis revealed that the diploids were classified into seven clusters, and the triploids were classified into a large cluster. Geographic, cytological, and genetic differentiations were not related in both the diploid and triploid accessions of L. lancifolium. Thus, current genetic va...
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, Oct 25, 2020
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the influences of seed storage temperature and variatio... more An experiment was carried out to evaluate the influences of seed storage temperature and variation due to cultivars on the germination of the Lilium×formolongi hort. seeds. The seeds of four cultivars of Lilium×formolongi Hort. viz. Augusta, Raizan Herald (RH), Eorayeon 1ho, and Eorayeon 2ho was treated with four temperature ranges 5°C,-2°C,-20°C and 20°C (Room temperature, Control) up to 6 months to execute the experiment. In total 500 seeds of each cultivar including four temperature regimes and four replications for each temperature treatment and each replication represented by 30 seeds have been provided 10 days chilling treatment before to test the germination to get the uniformity in germination. The laboratory experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) to assess the different parameters of germination viz. germination percentage(GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), time taken to 50% germination (T50), and coefficient of the velocity of germination (CVG) at four temperature regime of four cultivars. The ANOVA analysis revealed significant variability among the four cultivars for all germination parameters in all temperature treatment levels. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the storage temperature has a great influence on germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), time taken to 50% germination (T50), and coefficient of the velocity of germination (CVG) with comparisons to the normal temperature stored seeds (20°C). The significant variation among these parameters for each cultivar demonstrated the significance of varied requirements like stored temperature for the long term storage of that particular cultivar.
Journal of The Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, Sep 18, 2015
IN TRODUCTION Twelve lily species, mainly belonging to the sections Sinomartagon, Martagon, and L... more IN TRODUCTION Twelve lily species, mainly belonging to the sections Sinomartagon, Martagon, and Leucolirion, are native to Korea (Kim, 1996). Lilium species found in Korea include all three types of the leaf arrangement (with single whorls, multiple whorls, and scattered leaves) within the genus (Lighty, 1968). L. maximowiczii, which is believed to be the most closely related to the origin of triploid L. lancifolium based on morphological and cytological characteristics (Noda, 1966 and 1974), is widely distributed in Eastern Asia, including Japan, Korea, Manchuria, northern China, and Ussuri in Russia (Asano, 1986; Baranova, 1969). Wilson (1925) reported a wide distribution of L. maximowiczii around the mountain plateau of Hamkyungnam-do Province in North Korea. Lighty (1968) explored Lilium populations in South Korea and reported a limited geographical distribution of L. maximowiczii only in Gangwon-do Province. L. maximowiczii and L. leichtlinii var. leichtlinii are the most common lilies in Japan and are widely distributed throughout the Japanese archipelago from the seashore to the mountains over 2,000 meters in elevation (Shimizu, 1969). Jeong (1991) and other researchers collected specimens sporadically from Keumo-do Island, the southernmost part of Korea, to Gangwon-do Province, the northernmost part of South Korea; however, some specimens are suspected to have been misidentified, and their identities are uncertain (KBIS, 2013; Kim et al., 2015). We extensively examined the reported sites of the specimens in the southern part of Korea, but were unable to find L. maximowiczii plants in many places now. L. maximowiczii and L. leichtlinii var. leichtlinii have been thought to comprise only diploid (2n=2x=24) plants in Japan
This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits... more This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits of 73 wild Lilium amabile plants from six habitats in Korea. It was observed that L. amabile is distributed nationwide at any altitude from 300 m (Mt Mangdaeam) to 1550 m (Mt Halla). The majority of the natural habitats of L. amabile were found on mountain slopes, and some were found in rugged mountain regions. The down-facing flowers of this species not only had many blotches but also dense trichomes, and the flowering time was found to be from mid-June to mid-July. ANOVA revealed significant variations in vegetative and floral traits among the six habitats, indicating that the environment has substantial influences on the various growth parameters of L. amabile, such as plant height; number of leaves, bracts, papillae, and flowers; leaf angle; and lengths of the anther, longest blotch, and nectary of the petiole. In addition, the vegetative and floral traits were found closely correlated with each other under the direct impact of the environment. These findings will facilitate to find the appropriate environmental conditions for the conservation and development of L. amabile population as future lily-breeding materials.
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the Lilium leichtlinii var maximowiczii germplasm col... more This experiment was carried out to evaluate the Lilium leichtlinii var maximowiczii germplasm collected from the different natural habitats from all over Korea. In total 30 accessions were studied for nine traits viz. plant height, leaf length, leaf width, the numbers of flowers, flower diameter, length of outer tepal, width of outer tepal, the number of leaf burn, and days to flowering in randomized block design with three replications. The ANOVA revealed highly significant variability prevailing among the investigated genotypes for almost all studied traits (except leaf width). The higher estimated value of GCV, PCV, heritability (H2), and genetic advance as percent of the mean was obtained for the number of flowers and leaf burn. The moderate to high GCV and PCV coupled with higher heritability estimates (H2) and GAM were found for plant height and flower diameter. Progeny selection would be effective as the prevalence of additive gene effect for these traits. Besides, leaf width...
Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, Jun 5, 2024
Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are co... more Monkey menace is a prevalent issue in South Asia and Southeast Asia, where Rhesus macaques are considered pests of major field crops. In Nepal, factors such as monoculture cropping patterns, forest fragmentation, degradation of natural habitats, and changing agricultural practices contribute to increased monkey menace and human-macaque conflict. Factors such as cropping season, food resource distribution, crop variety, wild food availability, and distance from forests and farms influence the frequency and intensity of crop raiding. This study introduced non-human primates, their status, and availability in Nepal, and analyzed different crops raided by monkeys along the Buddhi Gandaki River, frequency and crop raiding season of monkeys in Jhor Mahankal and Goldhunga and suggested some solution measures for the monkey menace in Nepal. Maize was the most raided crop, while pumpkin was the least. The total percentage of crops raided was 24.62%, with an average crop loss of 29.24%. Crop raiding was most prevalent during the spring season (45%), followed by the rainy season (39%), and least prevalent during the winter season (16%). Rhesus macaques refrained from raiding crops with bitter or spicy flavors, such as turmeric, bitter gourd, chili, ginger, and mustard. The suggested control measures need to be followed to mitigate the monkey menace and manage the human-wildlife conflict.
Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, May 24, 2024
Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, susta... more Farming Systems Research (FSR) plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity, sustainability, and livelihoods in Nepal. This article provides a comprehensive review of FSR in Nepal, focusing on concepts, design, and methodology for optimizing farming systems. Integrated farming systems have emerged as a key strategy for small and marginal farmers to improve livelihood security and meet household needs for nutrition and income. By integrating various components such as crops, livestock, and agroforestry, farmers can enhance resource use efficiency, diversify income sources, and improve resilience to climate change impacts. FSR in Nepal combines scientific research, community engagement, and local knowledge to enhance agricultural sustainability and improve livelihoods for small-scale farmers. Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) plays a crucial role in developing a national research agenda and allocating resources to address the diverse technological needs of farmers. By integrating diverse perspectives, utilizing innovative technologies, and engaging stakeholders, FSR addresses agricultural system complexities and contributes to food security, environmental sustainability, and rural development.
Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, Dec 30, 2023
Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecologic... more Agroecology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together agricultural practice and ecological principles. This article explores agroecology's theoretical foundations, practical applications, and historical evolution, along with its impact on modern agricultural methods. Agroecology looks at how biophysical and social elements combine to produce food sustainably, promote social justice, and protect the environment. The first section of the article looks at how agroecology developed as a scientific field, discussing its fundamental ideas, practices, and objectives-all of which emphasize participatory, adaptive, and holistic methodologies. The inquiry also looks into how agroecology might support biodiversity, resilience to climate change, and sustainable livelihoods. This article also explores the rise of agroecology as a movement driven by social activism, environmental consciousness, and a search for alternative food systems. After that, the article dives further into the history of agroecology, emphasizing the pioneers' contributions and the development of agroecological principles over time. The text goes on to outline the fundamental principles of agroecology. Its main objectives are enhancing resource efficiency, strengthening resilience, and ensuring social equality. This article discusses the practical applications of agroecology in various agricultural settings, such as permaculture, agroforestry, and agroecological farming systems. A few agro-ecology case studies have been described. Finally, the article highlights the future of food systems. The article concludes by highlighting the necessity of combining scientific understanding with indigenous ecological and cultural knowledge and stating that agro-ecology is viable for a more just and sustainable future for agriculture and food security.
Journal of multidisciplinary sciences, Feb 29, 2024
In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit,... more In recent years, there have been notable advancements in the cultivation techniques of kiwifruit, a fruit that is both popular and economically important. One particular practice that has gained recognition is top-working, which involves grafting new scions onto existing rootstocks. This horticultural technique has shown promise in improving yield, disease resistance, and overall productivity in orchards. This comprehensive review paper examines the different methods used in top working for kiwifruit cultivation, explores the factors that influence its success, and discusses the benefits and challenges associated with this practice. This review provides an overview of various techniques used for the top-working kiwifruit plants in Nepal. The success of top-working depends on factors such as timing, compatibility between scion and rootstock, grafting materials, and proper grafting techniques. This review paper also ranges over the importance of kiwifruit cultivation for Nepalese farmers, problems faced by them, persistent constraints in the country, and the future promise that kiwifruit cultivation holds for the economic advancement of the nation.
This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits... more This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits of 73 wild Lilium amabile plants from six habitats in Korea. It was observed that L. amabile is distributed nationwide at any altitude from 300 m (Mt Mangdaeam) to 1550 m (Mt Halla). The majority of the natural habitats of L. amabile were found on mountain slopes, and some were found in rugged mountain regions. The down-facing flowers of this species not only had many blotches but also dense trichomes, and the flowering time was found to be from mid-June to mid-July. ANOVA revealed significant variations in vegetative and floral traits among the six habitats, indicating that the environment has substantial influences on the various growth parameters of L. amabile, such as plant height; number of leaves, bracts, papillae, and flowers; leaf angle; and lengths of the anther, longest blotch, and nectary of the petiole. In addition, the vegetative and floral traits were found closely correlated with each other under the direct impact of the environment. These findings will facilitate to find the appropriate environmental conditions for the conservation and development of L. amabile population as future lily-breeding materials.
The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This ... more The characteristics of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri are not found in other lily species. This study analyzed twelve genotypes (F1 hybrids) of L. brownii var. colchesteri for nine important cut flower characteristics. As part of pre-breeding, the variability analysis task for the studied traits was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses demonstrated significant variability among the genotypes for the studied cut-flower traits. The higher values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), coupled with higher heritability, along with the genetic advance expressed as a percentage mean (GAM), revealed that plant height, leaf length, leaf burn, and flower diameter had demonstrated the prevalence of the additive type of gene action. The remaining cut flower traits, especially leaf width, number of flowers, length of outer tepal, the width of outer tepal, and days to flowering, proved to have a prevalence of the non-additive type of gene action. The mean performance of the cut flower traits provides information for effective progeny selection after hybridization. The performance of Ryunghoehyeon had been found to be outstanding for plant height, flower diameter, length of the outer tepal, width of the outer tepal, days to flowering, and the number of flowers.
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2021
The performance evaluation and variability estimation are some of the most important basic steps ... more The performance evaluation and variability estimation are some of the most important basic steps in any breeding scheme and are usually taken as a pre-breeding task. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance and estimate the variability for major growth and flowering traits of Sixteen Lilium longiflorum Thunb genotypes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The estimated analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated prevailing significant variability for studied ten growth and flowering traits of all 16 genotypes. The experiment was conducted to quantify the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM), for understanding the breeding potentiality of L. longiflorum genotypes based on their performance for growth and flowering traits, so that pre-breeding scheme could be executed properly. The estimated genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) value, a...
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020
This experiment was carried out to identify superior parents [three way-cross F1s and donors (cul... more This experiment was carried out to identify superior parents [three way-cross F1s and donors (cultivars/breeding line)], and their Line×Tester hybrids (hereafter L×T hybrids) for major quantitative traits in Lilium×formolongi. The experiment was designed in line×tester mating design taking 5 three way-cross F1s as lines, 3CVs/breeding lines as testers and their 15 L×T hybrids in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for L×T analysis revealed a highly significant difference for all the studied quantitative traits revealing the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes under investigation. The estimated GCA effects revealed three way-cross F1s; (Stu× W) × AF1-6 (L2) and (AF×Ad) × HU-3(L1) found to be superior as they possessed significant GCA effects for 7 and 4 quantitative traits respectively. Likewise, Julius-19 (T1) and 12-1-2(T3) can be used as effective donors as both of them possessed significant GCA effects for 6 quantitative traits. The L×T hybrids, [57-7 (Aug×AugE)×BT] ×12-1-2 i.e. L4×T3 and [60.1 (AF×Ad) × Gel] × Julius-19 i.e.L5×T1 has possessed significant SCA effects for 5 traits and [(Stu× W) × AF1-6]×Julius-19 i.e.L2×T1, [(Stu× W) × AF1-6]×WT-5 i.e.L2×T2 and [(Stu× W) × AugE-2]×WT-5 i.e.L3×T2 had revealed significant SCA effects for 4 traits. These hybrids can be considered as promising hybrids. The estimation of gene action divulged that bud length and the attitude of the floral axis shown the prevailing of additive gene action while the rest of the traits had predominantly exhibited non-additive gene action.
An experiment was carried out using eight double cross F1s (DCF1s) as lines and two testers to ob... more An experiment was carried out using eight double cross F1s (DCF1s) as lines and two testers to obtain sixteen Line ×Tester hybrids for the evaluation of major growth and flowering traits thereby to understand the breeding potentiality of the parental lines. The performance of growth and flowering traits of all twenty-six genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed all the genotypes were significantly different for all agro-morphological traits under study. The estimated general combining ability (GCA) effects showed that parent 5(P5), were superior for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis followed by parent 2(P2) for leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis and parent7 (P7) for number of flower, flower diameter, bud length and attitude for floral axis. Likewise; tester 1 found to be best combiner...
Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (2n = 2x = 24) is a cytologically conspicuous species with both diploid... more Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (2n = 2x = 24) is a cytologically conspicuous species with both diploids and triploids in nature. Cytological and molecular genetic analyses were carried out in both diploids and triploids that were collected from 55 geographical locations in Korea, Japan, and China. While the 5S rRNA gene loci were located at duplicated loci on the long arm of chromosome 2, the 45S rRNA gene loci were present in chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 11. While the loci on chromosomes 1 and 7 were constant, the loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 11 were variable in some plants so that the L. lancifolium accessions were grouped into 7 cytotypes in diploids and 12 cytotypes in triploids. REMAP marker analysis revealed that the diploids were classified into seven clusters, and the triploids were classified into a large cluster. Geographic, cytological, and genetic differentiations were not related in both the diploid and triploid accessions of L. lancifolium. Thus, current genetic va...
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, Oct 25, 2020
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the influences of seed storage temperature and variatio... more An experiment was carried out to evaluate the influences of seed storage temperature and variation due to cultivars on the germination of the Lilium×formolongi hort. seeds. The seeds of four cultivars of Lilium×formolongi Hort. viz. Augusta, Raizan Herald (RH), Eorayeon 1ho, and Eorayeon 2ho was treated with four temperature ranges 5°C,-2°C,-20°C and 20°C (Room temperature, Control) up to 6 months to execute the experiment. In total 500 seeds of each cultivar including four temperature regimes and four replications for each temperature treatment and each replication represented by 30 seeds have been provided 10 days chilling treatment before to test the germination to get the uniformity in germination. The laboratory experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) to assess the different parameters of germination viz. germination percentage(GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), time taken to 50% germination (T50), and coefficient of the velocity of germination (CVG) at four temperature regime of four cultivars. The ANOVA analysis revealed significant variability among the four cultivars for all germination parameters in all temperature treatment levels. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the storage temperature has a great influence on germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), time taken to 50% germination (T50), and coefficient of the velocity of germination (CVG) with comparisons to the normal temperature stored seeds (20°C). The significant variation among these parameters for each cultivar demonstrated the significance of varied requirements like stored temperature for the long term storage of that particular cultivar.
Journal of The Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, Sep 18, 2015
IN TRODUCTION Twelve lily species, mainly belonging to the sections Sinomartagon, Martagon, and L... more IN TRODUCTION Twelve lily species, mainly belonging to the sections Sinomartagon, Martagon, and Leucolirion, are native to Korea (Kim, 1996). Lilium species found in Korea include all three types of the leaf arrangement (with single whorls, multiple whorls, and scattered leaves) within the genus (Lighty, 1968). L. maximowiczii, which is believed to be the most closely related to the origin of triploid L. lancifolium based on morphological and cytological characteristics (Noda, 1966 and 1974), is widely distributed in Eastern Asia, including Japan, Korea, Manchuria, northern China, and Ussuri in Russia (Asano, 1986; Baranova, 1969). Wilson (1925) reported a wide distribution of L. maximowiczii around the mountain plateau of Hamkyungnam-do Province in North Korea. Lighty (1968) explored Lilium populations in South Korea and reported a limited geographical distribution of L. maximowiczii only in Gangwon-do Province. L. maximowiczii and L. leichtlinii var. leichtlinii are the most common lilies in Japan and are widely distributed throughout the Japanese archipelago from the seashore to the mountains over 2,000 meters in elevation (Shimizu, 1969). Jeong (1991) and other researchers collected specimens sporadically from Keumo-do Island, the southernmost part of Korea, to Gangwon-do Province, the northernmost part of South Korea; however, some specimens are suspected to have been misidentified, and their identities are uncertain (KBIS, 2013; Kim et al., 2015). We extensively examined the reported sites of the specimens in the southern part of Korea, but were unable to find L. maximowiczii plants in many places now. L. maximowiczii and L. leichtlinii var. leichtlinii have been thought to comprise only diploid (2n=2x=24) plants in Japan
This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits... more This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits of 73 wild Lilium amabile plants from six habitats in Korea. It was observed that L. amabile is distributed nationwide at any altitude from 300 m (Mt Mangdaeam) to 1550 m (Mt Halla). The majority of the natural habitats of L. amabile were found on mountain slopes, and some were found in rugged mountain regions. The down-facing flowers of this species not only had many blotches but also dense trichomes, and the flowering time was found to be from mid-June to mid-July. ANOVA revealed significant variations in vegetative and floral traits among the six habitats, indicating that the environment has substantial influences on the various growth parameters of L. amabile, such as plant height; number of leaves, bracts, papillae, and flowers; leaf angle; and lengths of the anther, longest blotch, and nectary of the petiole. In addition, the vegetative and floral traits were found closely correlated with each other under the direct impact of the environment. These findings will facilitate to find the appropriate environmental conditions for the conservation and development of L. amabile population as future lily-breeding materials.
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the Lilium leichtlinii var maximowiczii germplasm col... more This experiment was carried out to evaluate the Lilium leichtlinii var maximowiczii germplasm collected from the different natural habitats from all over Korea. In total 30 accessions were studied for nine traits viz. plant height, leaf length, leaf width, the numbers of flowers, flower diameter, length of outer tepal, width of outer tepal, the number of leaf burn, and days to flowering in randomized block design with three replications. The ANOVA revealed highly significant variability prevailing among the investigated genotypes for almost all studied traits (except leaf width). The higher estimated value of GCV, PCV, heritability (H2), and genetic advance as percent of the mean was obtained for the number of flowers and leaf burn. The moderate to high GCV and PCV coupled with higher heritability estimates (H2) and GAM were found for plant height and flower diameter. Progeny selection would be effective as the prevalence of additive gene effect for these traits. Besides, leaf width...
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Papers by Rameshwar Rai