Fifteen 2-week-old kittens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 milk treatment groups as the sole sou... more Fifteen 2-week-old kittens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 milk treatment groups as the sole source of nutrition for 4 weeks: queen's milk, commercially available kitten milk replacer (CMR), and an experimental milk replacer (EXP). Kittens fed queen's milk suckled ad libitum, whereas CMR- and EXP-fed kittens were tube-fed every 6 hours. Kittens were weaned at 6 weeks of age and were fed a feline growth diet ad libitum for an additional 4 weeks. Kittens were examined at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age; the procedure included an ophthalmic examination and blood sample collection for CBC and serum biochemical and amino acid analyses. Kittens fed CMR and EXP diets had weight gain greater than that for queen's milk-fed kittens. The kittens fed CMR, however, had diarrhea throughout most of the milk-feeding trial and developed diffuse anterior and posterior lens opacification and vacuolation at the posterior Y-sutures. The lens opacities noticed in the kittens during the milk t...
Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2001
Malnutrition in veterinary patients is thought to increase morbidity and mortality, but this has ... more Malnutrition in veterinary patients is thought to increase morbidity and mortality, but this has not been statistically quantified. A study was designed to estimate the proportion of hospitalized canine patients in negative-energy balance; relate calories consumed in-hospital to appetite at home shortly after discharge; determine why these dogs were in a negative-energy balance; and assess the relationship between body condition score, physical status score (PSS), diagnosis, and caloric intake with patient outcome. Data were collected from 276 dogs over several days in one of the various referral hospitals. After eliminating partial hospital days, there were 821 dog-days for evaluation. A daily positive-energy balance (> 95% resting energy requirement) was achieved for only 27% of the 821 full dog-days. Of 226 dogs successfully followed after discharge, 83% were considered by their owners to have a normal appetite and/or food intake by the second day home. Of the 601 negative-ene...
Holstein calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to determine if an ... more Holstein calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to determine if an oxytetracycline therapy, given after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge, would be compromised by the previous subtherapy. Two of the four groups of seven calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic amount of chlortetracycline. All calves then were challenged with Salmonella typhimurium, and with the onset of clinical symptoms one group with and one group without subtherapy were given a therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline. The two groups receiving a therapeutic dosage of oxytetracycline had the most quickly declining body temperatures and the highest average body weights post-challenge. Two calves died in the group receiving no antibiotic treatments, and one calf died in the group receiving only the subtherapeutic treatment. There were no differences in postchallenge body temperatures or body weight changes between subtherapeutic and nonsubtherapeutic groups of calves. The conclusion was that the subtherapeutic dosing of chlortetracycline did not affect the therapeutic treatment effects of oxytetracycline after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge.
Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nut... more Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nutrient digestibility of brewers single cell protein (BSCP). The BSCP product was obtained by allowing microbial growth to occur aerobically on the effluent wash waters of a brewery and then harvesting the solids through a spray drying procedure. This process produced a dry powder product containing 50% crude protein. Wethers were fed a corn-based diet with BSCP replacing corn at O, 20 and 40% of the diet in a 3 x 3 replicated Latin square design. There were no consumption or palatability problems encountered when wethers were fed BSCP- containing diets. Nutrient digestibility of BSCP was estimated by a least-squares analysis re- gressing apparent digestibility of each nutrient on BSCP content. Digestion coefficients of BSCP for dry matter, energy and crude protein were calculated as 66.6, 73.3 and 86.5%, respectively. The addition of BSCP to corn- based diets decreased the overall diet di...
Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nut... more Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nutrient digestibility of brewers single cell protein (BSCP). The BSCP product was obtained by allowing microbial growth to occur aerobically on the effluent wash waters of a brewery and then harvesting the solids through a spray drying procedure. This process produced a dry powder product containing 50% crude protein. Wethers were fed a corn-based diet with BSCP replacing corn at O, 20 and 40% of the diet in a 3 x 3 replicated Latin square design. There were no consumption or palatability problems encountered when wethers were fed BSCP- containing diets. Nutrient digestibility of BSCP was estimated by a least-squares analysis re- gressing apparent digestibility of each nutrient on BSCP content. Digestion coefficients of BSCP for dry matter, energy and crude protein were calculated as 66.6, 73.3 and 86.5%, respectively. The addition of BSCP to corn- based diets decreased the overall diet di...
Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks... more Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks developed pancreatic epithelial cell necrosis, diffuse acinar atrophy, and marked interstitial fibrosis. In addition, the piglets had severe villus atrophy in the small intestine as a result of TPN. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of liver samples revealed toxic hepatic zinc levels (5 13.5 and 49 1.2 ppm) in the TPN piglets (40-90 ppm in control piglets). Administering TPN bypasses homeostatic control mechanisms regulating zinc absorption at the gastrointestinal level and may reduce pancreatic secretion contributing to the accumulation of zinc in tissues. Intestinal villus atrophy, a sequela to TPN, may have also affected zinc excretion by impairing intestinal flux and desquamation. These factors should be considered in formulating TPN solutions and zinc levels administered must be reduced accordingly to avoid toxicity. Furthermore, sources and tissue levels of zinc should be investigated when necrosis, acinar atrophy, and fibrosis of the pancreas are encountered in young pigs.
Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks... more Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks developed pancreatic epithelial cell necrosis, diffuse acinar atrophy, and marked interstitial fibrosis. In addition, the piglets had severe villus atrophy in the small intestine as a result of TPN. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of liver samples revealed toxic hepatic zinc levels (5 13.5 and 49 1.2 ppm) in the TPN piglets (40-90 ppm in control piglets). Administering TPN bypasses homeostatic control mechanisms regulating zinc absorption at the gastrointestinal level and may reduce pancreatic secretion contributing to the accumulation of zinc in tissues. Intestinal villus atrophy, a sequela to TPN, may have also affected zinc excretion by impairing intestinal flux and desquamation. These factors should be considered in formulating TPN solutions and zinc levels administered must be reduced accordingly to avoid toxicity. Furthermore, sources and tissue levels of zinc should be investigated when necrosis, acinar atrophy, and fibrosis of the pancreas are encountered in young pigs.
Fifteen 2-week-old kittens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 milk treatment groups as the sole sou... more Fifteen 2-week-old kittens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 milk treatment groups as the sole source of nutrition for 4 weeks: queen's milk, commercially available kitten milk replacer (CMR), and an experimental milk replacer (EXP). Kittens fed queen's milk suckled ad libitum, whereas CMR- and EXP-fed kittens were tube-fed every 6 hours. Kittens were weaned at 6 weeks of age and were fed a feline growth diet ad libitum for an additional 4 weeks. Kittens were examined at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age; the procedure included an ophthalmic examination and blood sample collection for CBC and serum biochemical and amino acid analyses. Kittens fed CMR and EXP diets had weight gain greater than that for queen's milk-fed kittens. The kittens fed CMR, however, had diarrhea throughout most of the milk-feeding trial and developed diffuse anterior and posterior lens opacification and vacuolation at the posterior Y-sutures. The lens opacities noticed in the kittens during the milk t...
Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2001
Malnutrition in veterinary patients is thought to increase morbidity and mortality, but this has ... more Malnutrition in veterinary patients is thought to increase morbidity and mortality, but this has not been statistically quantified. A study was designed to estimate the proportion of hospitalized canine patients in negative-energy balance; relate calories consumed in-hospital to appetite at home shortly after discharge; determine why these dogs were in a negative-energy balance; and assess the relationship between body condition score, physical status score (PSS), diagnosis, and caloric intake with patient outcome. Data were collected from 276 dogs over several days in one of the various referral hospitals. After eliminating partial hospital days, there were 821 dog-days for evaluation. A daily positive-energy balance (> 95% resting energy requirement) was achieved for only 27% of the 821 full dog-days. Of 226 dogs successfully followed after discharge, 83% were considered by their owners to have a normal appetite and/or food intake by the second day home. Of the 601 negative-ene...
Holstein calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to determine if an ... more Holstein calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to determine if an oxytetracycline therapy, given after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge, would be compromised by the previous subtherapy. Two of the four groups of seven calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic amount of chlortetracycline. All calves then were challenged with Salmonella typhimurium, and with the onset of clinical symptoms one group with and one group without subtherapy were given a therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline. The two groups receiving a therapeutic dosage of oxytetracycline had the most quickly declining body temperatures and the highest average body weights post-challenge. Two calves died in the group receiving no antibiotic treatments, and one calf died in the group receiving only the subtherapeutic treatment. There were no differences in postchallenge body temperatures or body weight changes between subtherapeutic and nonsubtherapeutic groups of calves. The conclusion was that the subtherapeutic dosing of chlortetracycline did not affect the therapeutic treatment effects of oxytetracycline after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge.
Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nut... more Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nutrient digestibility of brewers single cell protein (BSCP). The BSCP product was obtained by allowing microbial growth to occur aerobically on the effluent wash waters of a brewery and then harvesting the solids through a spray drying procedure. This process produced a dry powder product containing 50% crude protein. Wethers were fed a corn-based diet with BSCP replacing corn at O, 20 and 40% of the diet in a 3 x 3 replicated Latin square design. There were no consumption or palatability problems encountered when wethers were fed BSCP- containing diets. Nutrient digestibility of BSCP was estimated by a least-squares analysis re- gressing apparent digestibility of each nutrient on BSCP content. Digestion coefficients of BSCP for dry matter, energy and crude protein were calculated as 66.6, 73.3 and 86.5%, respectively. The addition of BSCP to corn- based diets decreased the overall diet di...
Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nut... more Summary Six growing wethers were used in a total col- lection digestion trial to estimate the nutrient digestibility of brewers single cell protein (BSCP). The BSCP product was obtained by allowing microbial growth to occur aerobically on the effluent wash waters of a brewery and then harvesting the solids through a spray drying procedure. This process produced a dry powder product containing 50% crude protein. Wethers were fed a corn-based diet with BSCP replacing corn at O, 20 and 40% of the diet in a 3 x 3 replicated Latin square design. There were no consumption or palatability problems encountered when wethers were fed BSCP- containing diets. Nutrient digestibility of BSCP was estimated by a least-squares analysis re- gressing apparent digestibility of each nutrient on BSCP content. Digestion coefficients of BSCP for dry matter, energy and crude protein were calculated as 66.6, 73.3 and 86.5%, respectively. The addition of BSCP to corn- based diets decreased the overall diet di...
Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks... more Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks developed pancreatic epithelial cell necrosis, diffuse acinar atrophy, and marked interstitial fibrosis. In addition, the piglets had severe villus atrophy in the small intestine as a result of TPN. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of liver samples revealed toxic hepatic zinc levels (5 13.5 and 49 1.2 ppm) in the TPN piglets (40-90 ppm in control piglets). Administering TPN bypasses homeostatic control mechanisms regulating zinc absorption at the gastrointestinal level and may reduce pancreatic secretion contributing to the accumulation of zinc in tissues. Intestinal villus atrophy, a sequela to TPN, may have also affected zinc excretion by impairing intestinal flux and desquamation. These factors should be considered in formulating TPN solutions and zinc levels administered must be reduced accordingly to avoid toxicity. Furthermore, sources and tissue levels of zinc should be investigated when necrosis, acinar atrophy, and fibrosis of the pancreas are encountered in young pigs.
Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks... more Two Hampshire-Duroc cross piglets maintained on 100% total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 weeks developed pancreatic epithelial cell necrosis, diffuse acinar atrophy, and marked interstitial fibrosis. In addition, the piglets had severe villus atrophy in the small intestine as a result of TPN. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of liver samples revealed toxic hepatic zinc levels (5 13.5 and 49 1.2 ppm) in the TPN piglets (40-90 ppm in control piglets). Administering TPN bypasses homeostatic control mechanisms regulating zinc absorption at the gastrointestinal level and may reduce pancreatic secretion contributing to the accumulation of zinc in tissues. Intestinal villus atrophy, a sequela to TPN, may have also affected zinc excretion by impairing intestinal flux and desquamation. These factors should be considered in formulating TPN solutions and zinc levels administered must be reduced accordingly to avoid toxicity. Furthermore, sources and tissue levels of zinc should be investigated when necrosis, acinar atrophy, and fibrosis of the pancreas are encountered in young pigs.
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