Quan Hua

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Dr Quan Hua is a Principal Research Scientist within the Environment Theme at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). He has over 20 years working experience in radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary and climate change studies. His current research focuses on radiocarbon calibration, and high resolution proxy records of climate series from corals, speleothems, tree rings and sediments.

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George Nicholas

Simon Fraser University

James Flexner

The University of Sydney

Michael Boyd

University of Cambridge

John Ljungkvist

Uppsala University

Enrique Cerrillo-Cuenca

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

girolamo fiorentino

University of Salento

Ramiro Barberena

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

Helen Dawson

University of Tübingen

Miriam Cubas

Universidad de Alcalá

Selena Vitezović

Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade, Serbia

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Forging empire: Angkorian iron smelting, community and ritual practice at Tonle Bak

by Mitch Hendrickson and Quan Hua

Antiquity, 2019

Iron-production sites of the early historic period in Mainland Southeast Asia (fifth to fifteenth... more Iron-production sites of the early historic period in Mainland Southeast Asia (fifth to fifteenth centuries AD) are rare. Recent excavations at the Tonle Bak site in central Cambodia now provide the first evidence for furnace technology, metallurgical characteristics of slag concentrations and evidence for the organisation of local smelting communities and ritual practices during the peak of the Angkorian Khmer Empire. The results demonstrate that the smelters were directly integrated with Angkorian state-exchange networks. They also raise questions about the use of ethnohistorical records for understanding the identity and organisation of these early metalworkers.

The Iron Kuay of Cambodia: Tracing the role of peripheral populations in Angkorian to Colonial Cambodia via a 1200 year old industrial landscape

by Stéphanie Leroy, Mitch Hendrickson, and Quan Hua

Journal of Archaeological Science, 2014

ABSTRACT The Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) is the first scientific study combining investi... more ABSTRACT The Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) is the first scientific study combining investigation of the chronology, supply network and technology of raw and finished iron within Angkorian (9th to 15th c. AD), Middle Period (15th to 19th c. AD) and Colonial (1863–1953) Cambodia. This paper is concerned with the production technology employed at five iron smelting sites in the northern province of Preah Vihear, three loci within the enclosure walls of the Angkorian Preah Khan complex and two, c. 30 km east, near Phnom Dek or ‘Iron Mountain’. The Phnom Dek area is a historic homeland of the ethnic minority Kuay people, who continued to smelt iron from local mineral sources into the 1940s. With the aim of testing a previously proposed ‘Angkorian Kuay’ hypothesis, that Kuay ancestors were responsible for Angkorian period iron smelting at Preah Khan of Kompong Svay (Preah Khan), the objective of this preliminary study was to establish whether any technological continuity could be detected across a 1200 year old industrial landscape, and thus if any socio-culturally homologous relations could be proposed for the ironmakers respectively responsible. Our preliminary results suggest that the iron smelting remains at Preah Khan date from Angkor&#39;s terminal phase and into the subsequent Middle Period, whereas as the two studied production sites near Phnom Dek range from the 9th–11th c. AD and to the 19th/20th c. AD. Preah Khan and Phnom Dek production systems appear to have used different iron ore sources but, in the absence of well-preserved furnace remains, statistical analysis of slag chemistry indicates a technological conservatism spanning more than a millennium. At this stage the ‘Angkorian Kuay’ model can be neither rejected nor sustained but the complexity of Preah Vihear province&#39;s settlement and industrial history is becoming increasingly apparent and will only become clearer with further excavation and study of chronologically and geographically intermediate sites.

Optical and radiocarbon dating at Jinmium rock shelter in northern Australia

by Richard L K Fullagar and Quan Hua

Nature, 1998

The Jinmium rock shelter is located in the Kimberley region of northern Australia. Claims for anc... more

Large variations in the Holocene marine radiocarbon reservoir effect reflect ocean circulation and climatic changes

by Quan Hua, Gregory Webb, and Luke Nothdurft

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015

Accurate radiocarbon dating of marine samples requires knowledge of the marine radiocarbon reserv... more Accurate radiocarbon dating of marine samples requires knowledge of the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect. This effect for a particular site/region is generally assumed constant through time when calibrating marine 14C ages. However, recent studies have shown large temporal variations of several hundred to a couple of thousand years in this effect for a number of regions during the late Quaternary and Holocene. Here we report marine radiocarbon reservoir correction (R) for Heron Reef and Moreton Bay in southwestern (SW) Pacific for the last 8 ka derived from 14C analysis of 230Th-dated corals. Most of our Rfor the last ∼5.4ka agree well with their modern value, but large Rvariability of ∼410yr (from trough to peak) with possible decadal/centennial fluctuations is evident for the period ∼5.4–8ka. The latter time interval also has significant variations with similar features in previously published Rvalues for other sites in the Pacific, including southern Peru–northern Chile in southeastern (SE) Pacific, the South China Sea, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea, with the largest magnitude of ∼920yr from SE Pacific. The mechanisms for these large Rvariations across the Pacific during the mid-Holocene are complex processes involving (1) changes in the quantity and 14C content of upwelled waters in tropical east Pacific (TEP) (frequency and intensity of ocean upwelling in the TEP, and contribution of Subantarctic Mode Water to the upwelled waters, which is influenced by the intensity and position of southern westerly winds), and (2) variations in ocean circulation associated with climate change (La Niña/El Niño conditions, intensity of easterly trade winds, positions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the South Pacific Convergence Zone), which control the spreading of the older upwelled surface waters in the TEP to the western sites. Our results imply the need for employing temporal changes in Rvalues, instead of constant (modern) values, for age calibration of Holocene marine samples not only for the SW Pacific sites but also for other tropical and subtropical sites in the Pacific.

Quan Hua

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