Papers by Prachin Virakul
The aims of this study were (1) to identify N. caninum (NC) in the aborted fetuses and to establi... more The aims of this study were (1) to identify N. caninum (NC) in the aborted fetuses and to establish an isolation guideline and (2) to investigate the impact of NC on the reproductive performance and abortion risk in dairy cows of NC-seropositive herds. NC tachyzoites were detected, by IHC, in the brain of one of 22 fetuses and its dam was NC seropositive by IFA. The other fetuses and their dams were seronegative. For isolation guideline, the brains of 4 seropositive pregnant cows and their calves, after parturition, were used for direct culture in vero cells and bioassay in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Four groups (4 treated and 2 controls each) of hamsters were treated with the brain homogenates of 2 cows and their calves. All cows, calves and hamsters showed no clinical illness until they were euthanized. Selected tissues of cows, calves and hamsters were tested by HE, IHC and PCR. At calving, sera of 3 cows and precolostral blood of their calves were seronegative. The sera of...
The present study was conducted to synchronize estrus and fixed time insemination in dairy cattle... more The present study was conducted to synchronize estrus and fixed time insemination in dairy cattle during the hot and humid months (July to November) in Thailand. Thirty-four cows and heifers were treated by using norgestomet+PGF2α+equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) program. Norgestomet was implanted subcutaneously at the back of the ear for 10 days. PGF2α was administered IM on day 8 and one injection of eCG was given on the day of implant removal. Fixed time artificial insemination(AI) were performed twice, at about 54-60 and 70-74 h, after the eCG injection. Blood samples were collected at 22 days after AI for progesterone (P4) assay. Real time B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine the pregnancy between 27-30 days after AI and then pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation between 60-90 days after AI. Of 34 cows, 16 cows (47%) had serum P4 higher than 1 ng/ml, while only 5 cows (15%) were positive for pregnancy detection using ultrasounography and rectal palpation. Cows ...
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2003
The present study was performed to investigate, whether or not, iron glycine chelate given to sow... more The present study was performed to investigate, whether or not, iron glycine chelate given to sows, in late pregnancy and lactation, could enhance reproductive traits. A supplement of 62.5 g/ton of iron glycine chelate given in the sows feed for 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks prior to farrowing was provided. The haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) values of sows and their piglets, the litter size at birth and at weaning, the birth weight, %stillborn, %mummified fetuses, the growth rate of the suckling piglets, the weaning weight of the piglets and the proportion of anemic sows and piglets were measured. On average, the Hct was 33.7 ± 2.7% in sows and 32.2 ± 3.9% in piglets, while the Hb was 11.3 ± 0.9 g/dl in sows and 10.8 ± 1.3 g/dl in piglets. The proportion of sows and piglets with Hb levels below 8 g/dl (anemia) was low and not significantly different between the groups. No evidence of eperythrozoonosis was observed in either sows or piglets. The Hct and Hb values for the so...
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 1999
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2001
The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows ... more The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows by using a synchronized ovulation program (Ovsynch). Multiparous, crossbred, Holstein-Friesian cows (40-70 d postpartum; n=60) were divided into a control group (n=30) and an Ovsynch group (n=30), according to their calving dates. Cows in the control group were artificially inseminated according to the AM/PM rule following the detection of standing estrus. The Ovsynch cows were injected with 100 μg GnRH at various stages of the estrous cycle on the first day of the program. Seven days later, they were injected with 500 μg PGF2α, followed by a second injection of 100 μg GnRH, 48 hrs later. AI was carried out 16-18 h after the second GnRH injection. The first service pregnancy rate at 90 d postpartum was not significantly different (30.0% vs.13.3%) for both the Ovsynch cows and the controls (p> 0.05). The overall pregnancy rate at 90 d postpartum was higher in the Ovsynch cows than in t...
The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimum culture media for Ureaplasma di... more The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimum culture media for Ureaplasma diversum. The study used 3 culture media, TR broth and differential A 7 agar (1), Boston broth and differential A7 agar (2) and differential A7 agar (3). The samples were collected from the vulvae of 15 cows that had a reddish, mucosal, vulva lesion and 15 cows without the lesion. A liquid culture media was prepared using the serial, tenfold, dilutionmethod to avoid contamination from other microflora. The type of U. diversum was determined using A7 agar mixed with manganese sulfate. Positive results were observed as brown colonies with a variety of shapes, such both round and smooth. The study revealed that U. diversum could be cultured in media 1, 2 and 3 from 33.3%, 53.3% and 26.7%, respectively, from cattle with lesions of the disease. U. diversum could also be cultured in media 1, 2 and 3 from 13.3% of cattle without lesions of the disease. Using media 2, the proportion of U. diversum...
This study was conducted in 78 dairy cows(50 repeat breeders and 28 normal cows, with no history ... more This study was conducted in 78 dairy cows(50 repeat breeders and 28 normal cows, with no history of breeding difficulty) from 6 livestock regions of Thailand. Observations were made on the lesions of granular vulvitis and bacteriology performed in order to isolate Ureaplasma diversum. Swabs were taken from 3 sites; the clitoral fossa, the dorsal vulva lips and the external cervical osteum. The isolation of U. diversum was carried out using Taylor Robinson Medium. In the repeat breeding group, U. diversum was isolated from 46% of the clitoral swabs, 48% of the vulva lip swabs and 22% of the external cervical osteum swabs. Lesions at the vulva lips, the clitoral fossa and the cervical area were observed in 66% 46% and 2% respectively. Genital lesions were also observed in 14.3%(clitoral fossa) and 50%(vulva lips) in cows with no history of breeding difficulty. In cows without lesions in the cervical area 14.3% had cultures positive for U. diversum. 86.1% of these were from the vulva l...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2008
The effects of utilizing evaporative cooling system equipped with tunnel ventilation on postpartu... more The effects of utilizing evaporative cooling system equipped with tunnel ventilation on postpartum ovarian activities, energy balance and milk production of early lactating dairy cows under hot and humid climates were studied from parturition to 22 wk postpartum. Thirty-four crossbred Holstein-Friesian (93.75% HF×6.25% Bos indicus) primiparous cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Cooled cows (n = 17; treatment) were housed in the tunnel ventilated barn equipped with evaporative cooling system and uncooled (n = 17; control) were housed in the naturally ventilated barn without supplemental cooling system. Cooled cows had greater (p<0.05) dry matter intake and milk production than uncooled cows. Days to the energy balance (EB) nadir did not differ between groups. However, days to equilibrium EB for uncooled cows was longer (p<0.05) than for cooled cows. There was no significant difference in postpartum anovular condition between cooled and uncooled cows. The interval from parturition to first postpartum ovulation did not differ between groups (31.4±4.3 and 26.1±3.6 day, respectively). These results suggest that the evaporative cooling and tunnel ventilation has the potential to decrease the severity of heat stress and improve both milk production and metabolic efficiency during early lactation without affecting reproductive function in dairy cows under hot and humid climates.
Wetchasan …, 1987
... Prevalence of BEF in Nong-Yang-Suea, Subsanun and Salang-phan subdistricts were ranged betwee... more ... Prevalence of BEF in Nong-Yang-Suea, Subsanun and Salang-phan subdistricts were ranged between 65-70 %. ... Prevalence of bovine Ephemeral fever disease in dairy cattle at Muag-Lek district [Thailand] by Prachin Virakul; Ratree Wongwatcharadumrong (Chulalongkorn ...
Thai Journal of Veterinary …, 1992
... Titles, Twin pregnancy in swamp buffalo after synchronization of estrous by using norgestomet... more ... Titles, Twin pregnancy in swamp buffalo after synchronization of estrous by using norgestomet and norgestomet plus PMSG. Personal Authors, Prachin Virakul,Peerasak Chantaraprateep,Chainarong Lohachit (Chulalongkorn Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). ...
... Other Abstract: การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ 4 ประการ คือ 1) การตอบสนองของรังไข่ของกระบือปล... more ... Other Abstract: การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ 4 ประการ คือ 1) การตอบสนองของรังไข่ของกระบือปลักต่อ การกระตุ้นด้วยฮอร์โมนโกแนตโคโตรปิน 2) การเจริญเติบโตของตัวอ่อน (คัพภะ) ระยะแรก 3) การย้ายฝากตัวอ่อนโดยวิธีไม่ผ่าตัด และการเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดลูกแฝด 4) เก็บตัวอ่อนในลักษณะแช่แข็ง ใช้กระบือ ...
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2008
The present study was conducted to synchronize estrus and fixed time insemination in dairy cattle... more The present study was conducted to synchronize estrus and fixed time insemination in dairy cattle during the hot and humid months (July to November) in Thailand. Thirty-four cows and heifers were treated by using norgestomet+PGF2α+equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) program. Norgestomet was implanted subcutaneously at the back of the ear for 10 days. PGF2α was administered IM on day 8 and one injection of eCG was given on the day of implant removal. Fixed time artificial insemination(AI) were performed twice, at about 54-60 and 70-74 h, after the eCG injection. Blood samples were collected at 22 days after AI for progesterone (P4) assay. Real time B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine the pregnancy between 27-30 days after AI and then pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation between 60-90 days after AI. Of 34 cows, 16 cows (47%) had serum P4 higher than 1 ng/ml, while only 5 cows (15%) were positive for pregnancy detection using ultrasounography and rectal palpation. Cows ...
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2003
An immunohistochemical examination of aborted bovine tissues, collected from two dairy farms that... more An immunohistochemical examination of aborted bovine tissues, collected from two dairy farms that had a high abortion rate (7%), detected the organism Neospora caninum (NC). Five out of 12 aborting cows (41.7%) were seropositive to NC using a competitive ELISA test. Neospora-tachyzoites were detected in the placenta of a seropositive aborting cow. Neither NC parasites nor cysts were detected in other fetal tissues. The identification of the Neospora-parasite and a high percentage of Neospora seropositive aborting cows, suggested NC as the possible cause of abortion. This is the first identification of the NC parasite in Thailand.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2004
The seroprevalence, in dairy cattle, of antibodies to Neospora caninum, the relationship between ... more The seroprevalence, in dairy cattle, of antibodies to Neospora caninum, the relationship between seropositivity and age (heifer versus cow), the relationship of herd infection with herd size and the relationship of herd infection with the presence of dogs on the farm were studied. The study involved 549 cows and 82 dogs in 59 dairy herds in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) with NC-specific monoclonal antibody was used to detect the NC antibodies in the sera. Individual and herd seroprevalence of NC were 5.5% (30/549) and 34% (20/59), respectively. No significant relationships between NC seropositivity with the age of the cows (heifer versus cow; P > 0.05) and between herd infection and the presence of dogs on the farm (P > 0.05) were found. Herd size significantly affected herd infection (P < 0.05) with higher infection in large than small herds (≥21 versus ≤20 cows). Of 12 cows with a history of abortion, one was seropositive to NC. The seroprevalence of NC antibodies in dogs was 1.2% (1/82). This is the first NC seroprevalence study in dogs in Thailand. It was concluded that Neospora infection was more common at the herd level rather than the individual level in Thailand and the presence of dogs on the farm was not related to the level of herd infection. Caution should be taken in the interpretation of serological tests from the farm dogs.
The objectives of this study were to analyze the potential impact of heat stress on reproduction ... more The objectives of this study were to analyze the potential impact of heat stress on reproduction in different regions of Thailand, to determine the monthly distribution of calving throughout the year and to investigate environmental sources of variation of days-open (DO) in first lactation dairy cows. Data including 13,548 lactation records were collected during 2004 to 2006. Climate data were obtained from the provincial meteorological stations and the corresponding temperature-humidity indexes were calculated. The difference between regions in THI was determined. The geographical regions studied were: Central, Eastern, Northeastern, and Northern. The distribution of calving by month was determined in the 1st to 5th lactation. The effect of month of calving (MOC) on DO was determined only in first lactation dairy cows. The fixed effects in the model included MOC, region and MOC x region. The lowest mean THI was observed in December (72) and the highest mean THI in April (80). THI d...
Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 1996
Thai J Vet …, 2011
The objectives of this study were to analyze the potential impact of heat stress on reproduction ... more The objectives of this study were to analyze the potential impact of heat stress on reproduction in different regions of Thailand, to determine the monthly distribution of calving throughout the year and to investigate environmental sources of variation of days-open (DO) in first lactation dairy cows. Data including 13,548 lactation records were collected during 2004 to 2006. Climate data were obtained from the provincial meteorological stations and the corresponding temperature-humidity indexes were calculated. The difference between regions in THI was determined. The geographical regions studied were: Central, Eastern, Northeastern, and Northern. The distribution of calving by month was determined in the 1st to 5th lactation. The effect of month of calving (MOC) on DO was determined only in first lactation dairy cows. The fixed effects in the model included MOC, region and MOC x region. The lowest mean THI was observed in December (72) and the highest mean THI in April (80). THI differed significantly between regions (p<0.0001), and months (p<0.0001). Significant interactions between region and month (p<0.0001) were found for THI. In all regions, minimum THI values were observed in December and January and this effect was more pronounced in the Northeastern and Northern regions. The highest frequency of calving for the first lactation was observed in June (9.96%) and the lowest in February (6.63%). The highest frequencies of calving for the 2 nd (13.1%), 3 rd (14.1%), and 4 th (14.66%) lactation cows were observed in September while for the 5 th lactation cows was in October (14.91%). The lowest proportion of calving for 2 nd (5.02%) and 4 th (4.14%) lactation cows was in February, and in March for the 3 rd (4.35%) and 5 th (4.85%) lactation cows. The average DO in first lactation cows was 152 days. Significant effects of MOC (p<0.0001) and region (p<0.0001) were found on DO. February calving cows had the longest DO (219±11 days) while cows calving in October and November had a significantly shorter mean DO (133±7 days). The study indicates that the high proportion of cows calving in October and November corresponds to breeding success in the previous months of December and January, which are the coolest months of the year. Cows which calved during hot months had a prolonged DO period of several months.
Thai J Vet …, 2011
... Norman, HD, Miller, RH, VanRaden, PM and Wright, JR 2002. Genetic relationships among fertili... more ... Norman, HD, Miller, RH, VanRaden, PM and Wright, JR 2002. Genetic relationships among fertility traits of Holsteins and Jerseys. J Dairy Sci. ... Effects of tropical climate on reproduction of cross-and purebred Friesian cattle in Morthen Thailand. Aust J Anim Sci. 16(7): 952-961. ...
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Papers by Prachin Virakul