The European Community was established in 1951 to reconcile France and Germany after World War II... more The European Community was established in 1951 to reconcile France and Germany after World War II and to make possible the eventual federation of Europe. By 1986, there were 12 member countries: France, Italy, Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. Principal areas of concern are internal and external trade, agriculture, monetary coordination, fisheries, common industrial and commercial policies, assistance, science and research, and common social and regional policies. The European Community has a budget of US$34.035 billion/year, funded by customs duties and 1.4% of each member's value-added tax. The treaties establishing the European Community call for members to form a common market, a common customs tariff, and common agricultural, transport, economic, and nuclear policies. Major European Community institutions include the Commission, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, ...
It is indeed unfortunate that the State Department has apparently put CPAC in the position of pro... more It is indeed unfortunate that the State Department has apparently put CPAC in the position of providing advice on a MOU which has already been decided. In order to remain relevant, CPAC should recommend against any MOU, or limit its scope to Pharaonic materials of cultural significance and site specific materials from later cultures. Under no circumstances should additional restrictions be put on historical coins of the sort widely and legally collected world-wide.
A MOU with Italy has been in place for 15 years. Another extension will make it 20. Enough i... more A MOU with Italy has been in place for 15 years. Another extension will make it 20. Enough is enough. Any benefit import restrictions have provided are now outweighed by the damage they do to lawful collecting, and the people to people contacts and appreciation of Italian culture it fosters. CPAC should advocate dropping current restrictions on Greek, early Republican and early Imperial era provincial coins struck in Italy which were imposed without CPAC’s knowledge or consent. At a minimum, all coins which circulated outside the confines of modern Italy should be delisted. In addition, under no circumstances should this renewal be used as an excuse to impose new import restrictions on late Roman Republican and Roman Imperial coins. These coins were indisputably used throughout Europe, the Middle East and even parts of Asia. They have been actively and legally collected since at least the Renaissance. They “belong” not to Italy, but to us all.
CPAC should promote the lawful exchange of cultural artifacts. Over the past 15 years, Italy has failed to honor its commitment to make it easier to export archaeological objects lawfully available for sale within Italy itself. CPAC should not give the Italian bureaucracy yet another pass. Instead, CPAC should recognize the obvious ramifications of Italy’s membership in the European Union (“E.U.”). Coins on the current designated list that are widely and legally sold within Italy itself are also freely traded and sold around the E.U. and under E.U. law may be traded outside the E.U. from other E.U. Member states, with or without an export license according to local law. CPAC, the State Department and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) should honor these E.U. export controls, which, after all, are also binding on Italy as an E.U. member.
The European Community was established in 1951 to reconcile France and Germany after World War II... more The European Community was established in 1951 to reconcile France and Germany after World War II and to make possible the eventual federation of Europe. By 1986, there were 12 member countries: France, Italy, Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. Principal areas of concern are internal and external trade, agriculture, monetary coordination, fisheries, common industrial and commercial policies, assistance, science and research, and common social and regional policies. The European Community has a budget of US$34.035 billion/year, funded by customs duties and 1.4% of each member's value-added tax. The treaties establishing the European Community call for members to form a common market, a common customs tariff, and common agricultural, transport, economic, and nuclear policies. Major European Community institutions include the Commission, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, ...
It is indeed unfortunate that the State Department has apparently put CPAC in the position of pro... more It is indeed unfortunate that the State Department has apparently put CPAC in the position of providing advice on a MOU which has already been decided. In order to remain relevant, CPAC should recommend against any MOU, or limit its scope to Pharaonic materials of cultural significance and site specific materials from later cultures. Under no circumstances should additional restrictions be put on historical coins of the sort widely and legally collected world-wide.
A MOU with Italy has been in place for 15 years. Another extension will make it 20. Enough i... more A MOU with Italy has been in place for 15 years. Another extension will make it 20. Enough is enough. Any benefit import restrictions have provided are now outweighed by the damage they do to lawful collecting, and the people to people contacts and appreciation of Italian culture it fosters. CPAC should advocate dropping current restrictions on Greek, early Republican and early Imperial era provincial coins struck in Italy which were imposed without CPAC’s knowledge or consent. At a minimum, all coins which circulated outside the confines of modern Italy should be delisted. In addition, under no circumstances should this renewal be used as an excuse to impose new import restrictions on late Roman Republican and Roman Imperial coins. These coins were indisputably used throughout Europe, the Middle East and even parts of Asia. They have been actively and legally collected since at least the Renaissance. They “belong” not to Italy, but to us all.
CPAC should promote the lawful exchange of cultural artifacts. Over the past 15 years, Italy has failed to honor its commitment to make it easier to export archaeological objects lawfully available for sale within Italy itself. CPAC should not give the Italian bureaucracy yet another pass. Instead, CPAC should recognize the obvious ramifications of Italy’s membership in the European Union (“E.U.”). Coins on the current designated list that are widely and legally sold within Italy itself are also freely traded and sold around the E.U. and under E.U. law may be traded outside the E.U. from other E.U. Member states, with or without an export license according to local law. CPAC, the State Department and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) should honor these E.U. export controls, which, after all, are also binding on Italy as an E.U. member.
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CPAC should promote the lawful exchange of cultural artifacts. Over the past 15 years, Italy has failed to honor its commitment to make it easier to export archaeological objects lawfully available for sale within Italy itself. CPAC should not give the Italian bureaucracy yet another pass. Instead, CPAC should recognize the obvious ramifications of Italy’s membership in the European Union (“E.U.”). Coins on the current designated list that are widely and legally sold within Italy itself are also freely traded and sold around the E.U. and under E.U. law may be traded outside the E.U. from other E.U. Member states, with or without an export license according to local law. CPAC, the State Department and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) should honor these E.U. export controls, which, after all, are also binding on Italy as an E.U. member.
CPAC should promote the lawful exchange of cultural artifacts. Over the past 15 years, Italy has failed to honor its commitment to make it easier to export archaeological objects lawfully available for sale within Italy itself. CPAC should not give the Italian bureaucracy yet another pass. Instead, CPAC should recognize the obvious ramifications of Italy’s membership in the European Union (“E.U.”). Coins on the current designated list that are widely and legally sold within Italy itself are also freely traded and sold around the E.U. and under E.U. law may be traded outside the E.U. from other E.U. Member states, with or without an export license according to local law. CPAC, the State Department and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) should honor these E.U. export controls, which, after all, are also binding on Italy as an E.U. member.