Spirulina, a polyphyletic group of algae, is known for its economically significant products and ... more Spirulina, a polyphyletic group of algae, is known for its economically significant products and is widely used as a dietary supplement. It is rich in essential elements and compounds, including proteins, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable nutritional resource. Spirulina platensis, in particular, has been extensively studied for its nutritional richness and antioxidant properties. This article reviews Spirulina's biochemical composition from 2005 to 2023, using data from databases like Medline and PubMed. It focuses on keywords such as spirulina, habitat, species, pharmacological action, toxicities, and medicinal uses. Spirulina stands out for its exceptional protein content, amino acid composition, and unique status as a plant-based source of vitamin B12 and essential fatty acids. It also contains a comprehensive micronutrient profile, including easily absorbable minerals like iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Spirulina has various health benefits, including anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. The research on spirulina highlights its potential as a valuable dietary supplement with diverse health benefits. Its rich nutritional composition and pharmacological actions make it a promising candidate for managing various ailments and enhancing overall health. Further studies are warranted to explore its full therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action.
: In the rapidly expanding chemical realm of heterocyclic compounds with interesting therapeutic ... more : In the rapidly expanding chemical realm of heterocyclic compounds with interesting therapeutic properties, the thiophene nucleus has established itself as a prospective entity. The biological activity of comparable substances produced via different pathways is of varying magnitudes. Medicinal chemists use their understanding of multiple synthetic pathways and the various physicochemical properties of such compounds to create a combinatorial library and conduct thorough searches for lead molecules. Due to their vast spectrum of biological actions, heterocyclic compounds play a crucial role in Medicinal chemistry and are extensively researched in the field of drug design and development. Thiophene, a sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffold, has emerged as a rather well-explored scaffold for the synthesis of a library of molecules with biological functions, including antibacterial, antipsychotic, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, and so on. Depending on the kind and position of substitution, thiophene analogues have been shown to bind to a wide spectrum of cancer-specific protein targets. As a result, thiophene analogues have been found to exert their biological effects by inhibiting various cancer-related signalling pathways. The study of thiophene in Medicinal chemistry resulted in molecules that combine the thiophene moiety with traditional drug components in a single molecule. This review covers the biological and medical activity of compounds containing a thiophene nucleus, as well as information on thiophene behaviour, synthesis, and agents, with a focus on synthetic techniques, biological profiles, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) research.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis affects roughly 5 out of every 1000 persons, rheumatoid arthriti... more Background: Rheumatoid arthritis affects roughly 5 out of every 1000 persons, rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent anarchic ailment with complicated pathophysiology a well-known cause of arthritis-related stinging apropos nexus, degradation of synovium, the creation of pannus, damage to bones, and loss of the cartilage. Thus, it is imperative to diagnose and treat rheumatoid arthritis. Due to rheumatoid arthritis's complexity, early diagnosis is difficult, which makes the treatment difficult. Moreover, anti- rheumatoid arthritis drugs taken on a long-term basis can damage patients' organs as well. Due to this, these anti- rheumatoid arthritis medications may cause severe side effects in extra-articular tissues since they cannot selectively target the affected zone. There has been substantial progress in the discovery of this disease's pathophysiology and treatment strategy over the past few years, as well as in developing effective diagnostic methods, early detection, an...
Liver maladies are a significant overall medical issue, with high endemicity in creating nations.... more Liver maladies are a significant overall medical issue, with high endemicity in creating nations. They are chiefly brought about by synthetic substances and a few medications when taken in exceptionally high portions. Not with standing propels in present day medication, there is no successful medication accessible that animates liver capacity, offer insurance to the liver from harm or help to recover hepatic cells. There is pressing need, consequently, for powerful medications to supplant/supplement those in current use. The plant realm is without a doubt important as a wellspring of new therapeutic operators. The current work comprises an audit of the writing on plant separates and artificially characterized particles of common beginning with hepatoprotective action. The survey shows various plants, their families, topographical dissemination, plant parts used, kind of test and hepatoprotective action such as A. paniculata and some various species etc. It additionally incorporates ...
Background: Millions of people in the world have been infected by respiratory viral infections (R... more Background: Millions of people in the world have been infected by respiratory viral infections (RVIs) especially upper respiratory infections such as pneumonia and deeper pulmonary infections. About 200 recognized respiratory viruses exist on the planet. They are broadly classified into a family of DNA viruses (Adenoviridae) and RNA viruses (Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, and Coronaviride). Among them, SARS-CoV-2 develops a disease named COVID-19. A big cause of the pandemic situation since 2019 and have a considerable impact on human life. Therefore, the prevention and control of SARS Co-V2 are major aims for researchers. The lack of effective vaccination against acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2] infection has prompted increased efforts in direction of new medicines search. The repurposing of existing drugs has brought great hope for the treatment of pandemic covid-19 such as Ivermectin, an FDA-approved broad-spectrum antiparasitic recently, demonstrated significant antiviral activity in vitro against SARS-CoV-2. Adamantane derivatives have been also reported as antiviral drugs for respiratory viral infections. These drugs are reused in SARS CoV-2 treatment in the early stages for prophylactic purposes. Various stages are involved in virus propagation in a host cell, termed as "virus life cycle". So, all stages in the virus life cycle are imminent targets for the discovery of new antiviral entities. This review paper summarized all aspects of medicinal approaches and biological approaches to control and management of covid infection.
Spirulina, a polyphyletic group of algae, is known for its economically significant products and ... more Spirulina, a polyphyletic group of algae, is known for its economically significant products and is widely used as a dietary supplement. It is rich in essential elements and compounds, including proteins, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable nutritional resource. Spirulina platensis, in particular, has been extensively studied for its nutritional richness and antioxidant properties. This article reviews Spirulina's biochemical composition from 2005 to 2023, using data from databases like Medline and PubMed. It focuses on keywords such as spirulina, habitat, species, pharmacological action, toxicities, and medicinal uses. Spirulina stands out for its exceptional protein content, amino acid composition, and unique status as a plant-based source of vitamin B12 and essential fatty acids. It also contains a comprehensive micronutrient profile, including easily absorbable minerals like iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Spirulina has various health benefits, including anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. The research on spirulina highlights its potential as a valuable dietary supplement with diverse health benefits. Its rich nutritional composition and pharmacological actions make it a promising candidate for managing various ailments and enhancing overall health. Further studies are warranted to explore its full therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action.
: In the rapidly expanding chemical realm of heterocyclic compounds with interesting therapeutic ... more : In the rapidly expanding chemical realm of heterocyclic compounds with interesting therapeutic properties, the thiophene nucleus has established itself as a prospective entity. The biological activity of comparable substances produced via different pathways is of varying magnitudes. Medicinal chemists use their understanding of multiple synthetic pathways and the various physicochemical properties of such compounds to create a combinatorial library and conduct thorough searches for lead molecules. Due to their vast spectrum of biological actions, heterocyclic compounds play a crucial role in Medicinal chemistry and are extensively researched in the field of drug design and development. Thiophene, a sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffold, has emerged as a rather well-explored scaffold for the synthesis of a library of molecules with biological functions, including antibacterial, antipsychotic, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, and so on. Depending on the kind and position of substitution, thiophene analogues have been shown to bind to a wide spectrum of cancer-specific protein targets. As a result, thiophene analogues have been found to exert their biological effects by inhibiting various cancer-related signalling pathways. The study of thiophene in Medicinal chemistry resulted in molecules that combine the thiophene moiety with traditional drug components in a single molecule. This review covers the biological and medical activity of compounds containing a thiophene nucleus, as well as information on thiophene behaviour, synthesis, and agents, with a focus on synthetic techniques, biological profiles, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) research.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis affects roughly 5 out of every 1000 persons, rheumatoid arthriti... more Background: Rheumatoid arthritis affects roughly 5 out of every 1000 persons, rheumatoid arthritis is a persistent anarchic ailment with complicated pathophysiology a well-known cause of arthritis-related stinging apropos nexus, degradation of synovium, the creation of pannus, damage to bones, and loss of the cartilage. Thus, it is imperative to diagnose and treat rheumatoid arthritis. Due to rheumatoid arthritis's complexity, early diagnosis is difficult, which makes the treatment difficult. Moreover, anti- rheumatoid arthritis drugs taken on a long-term basis can damage patients' organs as well. Due to this, these anti- rheumatoid arthritis medications may cause severe side effects in extra-articular tissues since they cannot selectively target the affected zone. There has been substantial progress in the discovery of this disease's pathophysiology and treatment strategy over the past few years, as well as in developing effective diagnostic methods, early detection, an...
Liver maladies are a significant overall medical issue, with high endemicity in creating nations.... more Liver maladies are a significant overall medical issue, with high endemicity in creating nations. They are chiefly brought about by synthetic substances and a few medications when taken in exceptionally high portions. Not with standing propels in present day medication, there is no successful medication accessible that animates liver capacity, offer insurance to the liver from harm or help to recover hepatic cells. There is pressing need, consequently, for powerful medications to supplant/supplement those in current use. The plant realm is without a doubt important as a wellspring of new therapeutic operators. The current work comprises an audit of the writing on plant separates and artificially characterized particles of common beginning with hepatoprotective action. The survey shows various plants, their families, topographical dissemination, plant parts used, kind of test and hepatoprotective action such as A. paniculata and some various species etc. It additionally incorporates ...
Background: Millions of people in the world have been infected by respiratory viral infections (R... more Background: Millions of people in the world have been infected by respiratory viral infections (RVIs) especially upper respiratory infections such as pneumonia and deeper pulmonary infections. About 200 recognized respiratory viruses exist on the planet. They are broadly classified into a family of DNA viruses (Adenoviridae) and RNA viruses (Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, and Coronaviride). Among them, SARS-CoV-2 develops a disease named COVID-19. A big cause of the pandemic situation since 2019 and have a considerable impact on human life. Therefore, the prevention and control of SARS Co-V2 are major aims for researchers. The lack of effective vaccination against acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2] infection has prompted increased efforts in direction of new medicines search. The repurposing of existing drugs has brought great hope for the treatment of pandemic covid-19 such as Ivermectin, an FDA-approved broad-spectrum antiparasitic recently, demonstrated significant antiviral activity in vitro against SARS-CoV-2. Adamantane derivatives have been also reported as antiviral drugs for respiratory viral infections. These drugs are reused in SARS CoV-2 treatment in the early stages for prophylactic purposes. Various stages are involved in virus propagation in a host cell, termed as "virus life cycle". So, all stages in the virus life cycle are imminent targets for the discovery of new antiviral entities. This review paper summarized all aspects of medicinal approaches and biological approaches to control and management of covid infection.
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