Autophagy and senescence are both processes that firstly avoid tumor development through the inhi... more Autophagy and senescence are both processes that firstly avoid tumor development through the inhibition of proliferation of damaged cells. However, autophagy does not imply cell death, because it is also a mechanism of cell survival under stress conditions. Concerning senescence, although these cells do not proliferate, they produce growth factors that contribute to the proliferative response of other cells. Rapamycin is an immunosupressor used in transplanted patients that inhibits the mTOR transduction signal pathway. This pathway is involved in the control of the energetic and nutritional state of the cell allowing protein synthesis and inhibiting autophagy when it is active. In this paper, the action of rapamycin over these processes was investigated and we found that a low concentration of this drug induces the senescence of a normal cell line, while a higher concentration induces autophagy of a transformed cell line. We have also determined that the oncogen RAC3 inhibits autop...
RAC3 is a coactivator of glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) that is usually ov... more RAC3 is a coactivator of glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) that is usually over‐expressed in tumors and which also has important functions in the immune system. We investigated the role of the inflammatory response in the control of RAC3 expression levels in vivo and in vitro. We found that inflammation regulates RAC3 levels. In mice, sub‐lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide induce the increase of RAC3 in spleen and the administration of the synthetic anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone has a similar effect. However, the simultaneous treatment with both stimuli is mutually antagonistic. In vitro stimulation of the HEK293 cell line with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), one of the cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide, also increases the levels of RAC3 mRNA and protein, which correlates with an enhanced transcription dependent on the RAC3 gene promoter. We found that binding of the transcription factor NF‐κB to the RAC3 gene promoter could be responsible for...
Resumen Tanto la autofagia como la senescencia celular son procesos que, en principio, evitan el ... more Resumen Tanto la autofagia como la senescencia celular son procesos que, en principio, evitan el desarrollo tumoral impidiendo la proliferación de células dañadas. Sin embargo, la autofagia no siempre lleva a la muerte celular, sino que puede ser un mecanismo de ...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, 2012
NF-κB regulates the expression of Cyclin D1 (CD1), while RAC3 is an NF-κB coactivator that enhanc... more NF-κB regulates the expression of Cyclin D1 (CD1), while RAC3 is an NF-κB coactivator that enhances its transcriptional activity. In this work, we investigated the regulatory role of CD1 on NF-κB activity. We found that CD1 inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity through a corepressor function that can be reverted by overexpressing RAC3. In both, tumoral and non-tumoral cells, the expression pattern of RAC3 and CD1 is regulated by the cell cycle, showing a gap between the maximal expression levels of each protein. The individual increase, by transfection, of either CD1 or RAC3 enhances cell proliferation. However the simultaneous and constitutive over-expression of both proteins has an inhibitory effect. Our results suggest that the relative amounts of CD1 and RAC3, and the timing of expression of these oncogenes could tilt the balance of tumor cell proliferation in response to external signals.
Plants are sessile photo-autotrophic organisms continuously exposed to a variety of environmental... more Plants are sessile photo-autotrophic organisms continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stresses. Monitoring the sugar level and energy status is essential, since this knowledge allows the integration of external and internal cues required for plant physiological and developmental plasticity. Most abiotic stresses induce severe metabolic alterations and entail a great energy cost, restricting plant growth and producing important crop losses. Therefore, balancing energy requirements with supplies is a major challenge for plants under unfavorable conditions. The conserved kinases target of rapamycin (TOR) and sucrose-non-fermenting-related protein kinase-1 (SnRK1) play central roles during plant growth and development, and in response to environmental stresses; these kinases affect cellular processes and metabolic reprogramming, which has physiological and phenotypic consequences. The "yin-yang" model postulates that TOR and SnRK1 act in opposite ways in the regulation of metabolic-driven processes. In this review, we describe and discuss the current knowledge about the complex and intricate regulation of TOR and SnRK1 under abiotic stresses. We especially focus on the physiological perspective that, under certain circumstances during the plant stress response, the TOR and SnRK1 kinases could be modulated differently from what is postulated by the "yin-yang" concept.
Auxins are implicated in a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. H... more Auxins are implicated in a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Here, we studied the role of auxins on the interaction between a plant pathogen and its host. Excised potato leaves were pre-treated with different IAA concentrations and inoculated with a compatible race of the late blight agent Phytophthora infestans. A 10-μM IAA-treatment resulted in a 50 %
Autophagy and senescence are both processes that firstly avoid tumor development through the inhi... more Autophagy and senescence are both processes that firstly avoid tumor development through the inhibition of proliferation of damaged cells. However, autophagy does not imply cell death, because it is also a mechanism of cell survival under stress conditions. Concerning senescence, although these cells do not proliferate, they produce growth factors that contribute to the proliferative response of other cells. Rapamycin is an immunosupressor used in transplanted patients that inhibits the mTOR transduction signal pathway. This pathway is involved in the control of the energetic and nutritional state of the cell allowing protein synthesis and inhibiting autophagy when it is active. In this paper, the action of rapamycin over these processes was investigated and we found that a low concentration of this drug induces the senescence of a normal cell line, while a higher concentration induces autophagy of a transformed cell line. We have also determined that the oncogen RAC3 inhibits autop...
RAC3 is a coactivator of glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) that is usually ov... more RAC3 is a coactivator of glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) that is usually over‐expressed in tumors and which also has important functions in the immune system. We investigated the role of the inflammatory response in the control of RAC3 expression levels in vivo and in vitro. We found that inflammation regulates RAC3 levels. In mice, sub‐lethal doses of lipopolysaccharide induce the increase of RAC3 in spleen and the administration of the synthetic anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone has a similar effect. However, the simultaneous treatment with both stimuli is mutually antagonistic. In vitro stimulation of the HEK293 cell line with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), one of the cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide, also increases the levels of RAC3 mRNA and protein, which correlates with an enhanced transcription dependent on the RAC3 gene promoter. We found that binding of the transcription factor NF‐κB to the RAC3 gene promoter could be responsible for...
Resumen Tanto la autofagia como la senescencia celular son procesos que, en principio, evitan el ... more Resumen Tanto la autofagia como la senescencia celular son procesos que, en principio, evitan el desarrollo tumoral impidiendo la proliferación de células dañadas. Sin embargo, la autofagia no siempre lleva a la muerte celular, sino que puede ser un mecanismo de ...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, 2012
NF-κB regulates the expression of Cyclin D1 (CD1), while RAC3 is an NF-κB coactivator that enhanc... more NF-κB regulates the expression of Cyclin D1 (CD1), while RAC3 is an NF-κB coactivator that enhances its transcriptional activity. In this work, we investigated the regulatory role of CD1 on NF-κB activity. We found that CD1 inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity through a corepressor function that can be reverted by overexpressing RAC3. In both, tumoral and non-tumoral cells, the expression pattern of RAC3 and CD1 is regulated by the cell cycle, showing a gap between the maximal expression levels of each protein. The individual increase, by transfection, of either CD1 or RAC3 enhances cell proliferation. However the simultaneous and constitutive over-expression of both proteins has an inhibitory effect. Our results suggest that the relative amounts of CD1 and RAC3, and the timing of expression of these oncogenes could tilt the balance of tumor cell proliferation in response to external signals.
Plants are sessile photo-autotrophic organisms continuously exposed to a variety of environmental... more Plants are sessile photo-autotrophic organisms continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stresses. Monitoring the sugar level and energy status is essential, since this knowledge allows the integration of external and internal cues required for plant physiological and developmental plasticity. Most abiotic stresses induce severe metabolic alterations and entail a great energy cost, restricting plant growth and producing important crop losses. Therefore, balancing energy requirements with supplies is a major challenge for plants under unfavorable conditions. The conserved kinases target of rapamycin (TOR) and sucrose-non-fermenting-related protein kinase-1 (SnRK1) play central roles during plant growth and development, and in response to environmental stresses; these kinases affect cellular processes and metabolic reprogramming, which has physiological and phenotypic consequences. The "yin-yang" model postulates that TOR and SnRK1 act in opposite ways in the regulation of metabolic-driven processes. In this review, we describe and discuss the current knowledge about the complex and intricate regulation of TOR and SnRK1 under abiotic stresses. We especially focus on the physiological perspective that, under certain circumstances during the plant stress response, the TOR and SnRK1 kinases could be modulated differently from what is postulated by the "yin-yang" concept.
Auxins are implicated in a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. H... more Auxins are implicated in a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Here, we studied the role of auxins on the interaction between a plant pathogen and its host. Excised potato leaves were pre-treated with different IAA concentrations and inoculated with a compatible race of the late blight agent Phytophthora infestans. A 10-μM IAA-treatment resulted in a 50 %
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Papers by Giselle Noël