Debt/Equity Ratio is a debt ratio used to measure a company's financial leverage, calculated by d... more Debt/Equity Ratio is a debt ratio used to measure a company's financial leverage, calculated by dividing a company's total liabilities by its stockholders' equity. The D/E ratio indicates how much debt a company is using to finance its assets relative to the amount of value represented in shareholders' equity. In this paper, we have compared D/E ratio of various startups and mapped the changes in behavior of these ratios. The formula for calculating D/E ratios can be represented in the following way: Debt-Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Shareholders' Equity
Default risk analysis for a firm is important for pricing corporate bonds and credit derivatives ... more Default risk analysis for a firm is important for pricing corporate bonds and credit derivatives and also helps banks to manage the risk involved in their loan portfolios. In the firm value model that was proposed by Black and Cox (1976), no pure jump component was considered. Therefore, it cannot explicitly explain the variation in the portfolio considering diffusion only. This paper deals with extensions to Black and Cox model proposed by Zhou (2001) which offer solutions to various shortcomings in the previous model. All the assumptions required and computation of the bond pricing, recovery rates and credit spread are also listed. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed for visualizing the ODE, company portfolio, recovery rates and calculating probability of survival by tweaking various parameters. At the end, CDS for specific firms are priced using the probability of survival as calculated by the model and are compared with the market prices. Lastly, the model is analyzed on the basis of how far it is successful in capturing the firm's portfolio and market fluctuations.
Classification systems have been widely utilized in medical domain to explore patient's data and ... more Classification systems have been widely utilized in medical domain to explore patient's data and extract a predictive model. This model helps physicians to improve the irprognos is diagnosis or treatment planning procedures. Data mining can be done by using different functionalities. Classification is one of them. Classification is a data mining technique that assigns objects to a predefined classes or labels. The aim of classification is to classify the objects into target class. On the other hand biology inspired algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Swarm based approaches like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colonies Optimization (ACO) were used in solving many data mining problems. In this project, binary classification is considered as an area of problem. The main aim of this project is to discover the classification rule on biological dataset using ant miner by calculating accuracy function depends upon pheromone update levels. Ant miner uses rule induction algorithm that occupies collective intelligence to construct classification rules.
Poverty and corruption are the two major problems which plague India in the recent times. Accordi... more Poverty and corruption are the two major problems which plague India in the recent times. According to the World Bank, India is home to 20% of the world's poor population. To counter both the poverty and the huge leakages, the Indian government has been pushing for Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme for the past few years. This program has attracted attention from all over the world and can been termed as a milestone for India to become a super power. In this study we analyze the application of the scheme to India and compare it with similar attempts in the past. Its Cost Benefit analysis has been done andits benefits and challenges have been discussed. At the end, suggestions have been given for its better implementation.
This paper investigates the possible marketing solutions to attract the customers to Coopmark Can... more This paper investigates the possible marketing solutions to attract the customers to Coopmark Can Tho. Using primary data of 110 observations and statistical and EFA analysis, the paper show that few groups of factors that may affect on using decisions Coopmark Can Tho are reasonable prices, good products quality, shopping experience, advertisement and decoration methods, safety and comfortable of additional services. On the given basics, the paper suggests possible marketing solutions to attract the customers to come with Can Tho Coopmark more affiance.
To assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries and the knowledge regarding the emergency care amo... more To assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries and the knowledge regarding the emergency care among school children in rural area Dehra, Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 13 government schools among 1041 subjects aged 11- 14 years. The demographic details and knowledge regarding emergency care was recorded on a structured questionnaire. The data regarding the traumatic injuries was recorded using modified Ellis' classification. Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) was found to be 5.12 %. Maxillary central incisor was the most common tooth to be affected (58.1%). The main cause for TDI was found to be due to falls (51.2%). Enamel with dentin fracture with pulp exposure was the main type of TDI (46.7%). The awareness regarding emergency care revealed that 63.4% of subjects were aware of emergency care. The knowledge regarding TDI increased with increase in age. The prevalence of dental trauma was found to be low and the awareness level regarding emergency care was found to be fair. Hence it is highly recommended to plan a community wide trauma prevention campaign targeting parents, children and dental care providers.
When a tooth is fractured at the gingival level due to accidental trauma and there is insufficien... more When a tooth is fractured at the gingival level due to accidental trauma and there is insufficient coronal tooth structure to retain a crown, a custom cast dowel and core often is necessary, followed by the fabrication of a definitive crown. It is very difficult to fabricate the provisional restoration for a tooth until the custom cast dowel and core are cemented permanently. This article describes a direct procedure for fabricating a provisional restoration (with a prefabricated temporary titanium post and an acrylic resin denture tooth) immediately after the tooth has been prepared for a custom cast dowel and core. This technique produces excellent clinical results while being less time-consuming than an indirect approach.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate and assess, through questionnaire, the knowledge of ... more The present study was undertaken to evaluate and assess, through questionnaire, the knowledge of mothers with different education levels regarding the emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth. The replantation is the preferred treatment for avulsed tooth. The prognosis depends upon the handling of the periodontal ligament and speed of replantation. Mothers are commonly taking care of children and are around them when such injuries can occur. Their knowledge about emergency management of avulsed tooth is important; that can vary upon the level of education of mothers. The 800 mothers were divided into two groups of 400 each depending upon two different educational levels- primary and higher/technical education. After obtaining the consent, they filled 10 item questionnaire containing both correct and wrong answers related to emergency management of avulsed teeth. Collected data was statistically analyzed. The results indicated highly significant difference in the knowledge of mothers of two groups regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth with better knowledge and awareness in mothers with higher/technical education. Mothers with technical school education had better knowledge than mothers with primary school education. However, mothers of both the groups were severely lacking in the complete and accurate knowledge.
The current scenario in dentistry proposes several treatment modalities for the esthetic and func... more The current scenario in dentistry proposes several treatment modalities for the esthetic and functional replacement of a congenitally or traumatically missing anterior tooth in young and adult patients which includes implant supported single crown, conventional FPD, Resin Bonded FPD (RBFPD) or RPD. However when certain clinical conditions or unwillingness of the patient preclude the replacement of missing tooth with any of these prostheses, in such cases, a more conservative treatment modality, fiber reinforce composite resin fixed partial denture with composite resin, porcelain fused to metal, all ceramic or natural tooth pontic can be consider as a definitive treatment alternative in certain clinical conditions. This article describes successful rehabilitation of three different patients with three types of pontics by this technique.
Gardner&a... more Gardner's syndrome is a genetic condition demonstrating an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the multiple colonic polyps (familial adenomatous polyposis coli) with sebaceous cysts and jaw osteomas. Various dental abnormalities present in patient's suffering with this syndrome includes multiple impacted or unerupted teeth, supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, compound odontomes and dentigerous cyst. In this case report, a patient with Gardner's syndrome who suffered from functional and psychological problems owing to multiple impacted, unerupted teeth and hypodontia was presented. Patient was treated with…
Aims and objectives: Making of definitive/secondary impression of displaceable flabby tissues wit... more Aims and objectives: Making of definitive/secondary impression of displaceable flabby tissues with minimum or no displacement of tissue by using window impression technique. Background: Displaceable, flabby or hyperplastic tissues or commonly seen in the anterior region of edentulous maxilla opposing mandibular anterior natural teeth or in the mandibular alveolar ridge when extensive bone resorption has occurred. Prevalence of flabby ridges can vary, occurring in up to 24% of edentulous maxilla and in 5% of edentulous mandible. Displacement of flabby tissues during impression making is always a concern. Soft tissues that are displaced during impression making tend to return to their original form, and complete dentures fabricated from such impression will not accurately fit on the recovered tissues resulting in loss of retention, stability and occlusal disharmony the dentures. Materials and Methods: This technique uses a custom tray with a window over mobile tissues and a mucostatic...
Fiber reinforced composite resin fixed partial dentures (FRCFPD) with composite resin, PFM or all... more Fiber reinforced composite resin fixed partial dentures (FRCFPD) with composite resin, PFM or all ceramic pontic can be used as a short term or long term alternative to conventional fixed partial dentures or implant supported crown in young patients where conventional FPD is contraindicated (large pulp chambers) or in patient's unwilling to invasive implant placement surgical procedure and those who do not want to allow preparation of natural sound abutments for placement of retainers for FPD. FRCFPD can be successfully used for replacing missing anterior tooth (Turker and Sener, J Prosthet Dent 100:254-258, 2008), in conditions which allows minimum occlusal loading of pontic, over jet and overbite not greater than 3 mm (Ricketts, Provocations and perceptions in craniofacial orthopedics: dental science and facial art/parts 1 and 2. Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, p 7023, 1990) and structurally sound and intact abutments for the fiber reinforced matrix (Rose et al., Quintess...
To estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water, cow&amp... more To estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk and to correlate the concentration of fluoride in cow's milk and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water. Ten households having both cows and buffalo's were selected by convenience in each of the 3 zones (below optimum fluoride <0.7 ppm (parts per million), optimum fluoride 0.7-1.2 ppm and above optimum fluoride areas > 1.2 ppm). From these selected households, 200 ml of fresh milk of both cows and buffaloes was collected along with 200 ml of drinking water for estimation of fluoride concentration by using a fluoride ion selective electrode method. The data was analysed using SPSS, version 11.5 for windows. The mean fluoride concentration of drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk in three different fluoride zones was 0.89±0.39, 0.09±0.07, 0.09±0.08 respectively. Pearson's correlation found a statistically significant correlation between fluoride concentrations in cow's and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water in zone B and zone C. However, this correlation was not statistically significant in zone A. With an increase in fluoride concentration in drinking water there was an increase in concentration of fluoride in cow's and buffalo's milk. We conclude that this association is seen in conjunction to not only a single factor but rather due to culmination of several other aspects. So, there is a need to elucidate the other factors that might be contributing to this increase and dental fluorosis.
The tumorigenicity of most cases of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL) is dri... more The tumorigenicity of most cases of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL) is driven by the oncogenic fusion protein NPM-ALK in a STAT3-dependent manner. Since it has been shown that STAT3 can be inhibited by STAT1 in some experimental models, we hypothesized that the STAT1 signaling pathway is defective in ALK+ALCL, thereby leaving the STAT3 signaling unchecked. Compared to normal T-cells, ALK+ALCL tumors consistently expressed a low level of STAT1. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway appreciably increased STAT1 expression in ALK+ALCL cells. Furthermore, we found evidence that NPM-ALK binds to and phosphorylates STAT1, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation in a STAT3-dependent manner. If restored, STAT1 is functionally intact in ALK+ALCL cells, as it effectively up-regulated γ-interferon, induced apoptosis/cell-cycle arrest, potentiated the inhibitory effects of doxorubicin, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. STAT1 interfered with the STAT3 sign...
A patient of hemimaxillectomy with restricted mouth opening, wearing a hard acrylic bulb obturato... more A patient of hemimaxillectomy with restricted mouth opening, wearing a hard acrylic bulb obturator encountered difficulty in insertion and removal of the prosthesis. The prosthesis was converted into a open hollow bulb obturator with flexible walls with permanent silicone soft liner for easy insertion and removal. Patients having acquired maxillary defects due to surgical resection of the maxilla often suffer with difficulty in mastication, swallowing, nasal regurgitation, speech disturbances and poor esthetics. Different types of obturator with various bulb designs most commonly fabricated from acrylic resins together with "acrylic resin plate and/or" metal framework are used to improve the quality of life of these patients by restoring the function. But restricted mouth opening in some of these patients makes it difficult to place and remove the prosthesis with hard acrylic bulb. Fabrication of flexible open hollow bulb and relining of remaining obturator with resilient permanent silicone soft liner makes easy insertion and removal of the prosthesis and also improve the retention by intimate contact of soft liner with the tissues. Permanent silicone soft liner open hollow bulb obturator is a novel way for the functional rehabilitation of a hemimaxillectomy patient suffering with restricted mouth opening.
Dental caries and deviations from normal weight are two conditions which share several broadly pr... more Dental caries and deviations from normal weight are two conditions which share several broadly predisposing factors. So it's important to understand any relationship between dental state and body weight if either is to be managed appropriately. The study was done to find out the correlation between body mass index (BMI), diet, and dental caries among 12-15-year-old schoolgoing children in Panchkula District. A multistage sample of 12-15-year-old school children (n = 810) in Panchkula district, Haryana was considered. Child demographic details and diet history for 5 days was recorded. Data regarding dental caries status was collected using World Health Organization (1997) format. BMI was calculated and categorized according to the World Health Organization classification system for BMI. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square test and binomial regression developed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0. The mean Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) score was found to be 1.72 with decayed, missing, and filled teeth to be 1.22, 0.04, and 0.44, respectively. When the sample was assessed based on type of diet, it was found that vegetarians had higher mean DMFT (1.72) as compared to children having mixed diet. Overweight children had highest DMFT (3.21) which was followed by underweight (2.31) and obese children (2.23). Binomial regression revealed that females were 1.293 times at risk of developing caries as compared to males. Fair and poor Simplified-Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) showed 3.920 and 4.297 times risk of developing caries as compared to good oral hygiene, respectively. Upper high socioeconomic status (SES) is at most risk of developing caries. Underweight, overweight, and obese are at 2.7, 2.5, and 3 times risk of developing caries as compared to children with normal BMI, respectively. Dental caries and deviations from normal weight are two conditions which share several broadly predisposing factors such as diet, SES, lifestyle and other environmental factors.
We have recently described a novel phenotypic dichotomy within estrogen receptor-positive breast ... more We have recently described a novel phenotypic dichotomy within estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells; the cell subset responsive to a Sox2 regulatory region (SRR2) reporter (RR cells) are significantly more tumorigenic than the reporter unresponsive (RU) cells. Here, we report that a similar phenomenon also exists in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), with RR cells more tumorigenic than RU cells. First, examination of all 3 TNBC cell lines stably infected with the SRR2 reporter revealed the presence of a cell subset exhibiting reporter activity. Second, RU and RR cells purified by flow cytometry showed that RR cells expressed higher levels of CD44, generated more spheres in a limiting dilution mammosphere formation assay, and formed larger and more complex structures in Matrigel. Third, within the CD44High/CD24- tumor-initiating cell population derived from MDA-MB-231, RR cells were significantly more tumorigenic than RU cells in an in vivo SCID/Beige xenograft mouse mod...
Debt/Equity Ratio is a debt ratio used to measure a company's financial leverage, calculated by d... more Debt/Equity Ratio is a debt ratio used to measure a company's financial leverage, calculated by dividing a company's total liabilities by its stockholders' equity. The D/E ratio indicates how much debt a company is using to finance its assets relative to the amount of value represented in shareholders' equity. In this paper, we have compared D/E ratio of various startups and mapped the changes in behavior of these ratios. The formula for calculating D/E ratios can be represented in the following way: Debt-Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Shareholders' Equity
Default risk analysis for a firm is important for pricing corporate bonds and credit derivatives ... more Default risk analysis for a firm is important for pricing corporate bonds and credit derivatives and also helps banks to manage the risk involved in their loan portfolios. In the firm value model that was proposed by Black and Cox (1976), no pure jump component was considered. Therefore, it cannot explicitly explain the variation in the portfolio considering diffusion only. This paper deals with extensions to Black and Cox model proposed by Zhou (2001) which offer solutions to various shortcomings in the previous model. All the assumptions required and computation of the bond pricing, recovery rates and credit spread are also listed. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed for visualizing the ODE, company portfolio, recovery rates and calculating probability of survival by tweaking various parameters. At the end, CDS for specific firms are priced using the probability of survival as calculated by the model and are compared with the market prices. Lastly, the model is analyzed on the basis of how far it is successful in capturing the firm's portfolio and market fluctuations.
Classification systems have been widely utilized in medical domain to explore patient's data and ... more Classification systems have been widely utilized in medical domain to explore patient's data and extract a predictive model. This model helps physicians to improve the irprognos is diagnosis or treatment planning procedures. Data mining can be done by using different functionalities. Classification is one of them. Classification is a data mining technique that assigns objects to a predefined classes or labels. The aim of classification is to classify the objects into target class. On the other hand biology inspired algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Swarm based approaches like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colonies Optimization (ACO) were used in solving many data mining problems. In this project, binary classification is considered as an area of problem. The main aim of this project is to discover the classification rule on biological dataset using ant miner by calculating accuracy function depends upon pheromone update levels. Ant miner uses rule induction algorithm that occupies collective intelligence to construct classification rules.
Poverty and corruption are the two major problems which plague India in the recent times. Accordi... more Poverty and corruption are the two major problems which plague India in the recent times. According to the World Bank, India is home to 20% of the world's poor population. To counter both the poverty and the huge leakages, the Indian government has been pushing for Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme for the past few years. This program has attracted attention from all over the world and can been termed as a milestone for India to become a super power. In this study we analyze the application of the scheme to India and compare it with similar attempts in the past. Its Cost Benefit analysis has been done andits benefits and challenges have been discussed. At the end, suggestions have been given for its better implementation.
This paper investigates the possible marketing solutions to attract the customers to Coopmark Can... more This paper investigates the possible marketing solutions to attract the customers to Coopmark Can Tho. Using primary data of 110 observations and statistical and EFA analysis, the paper show that few groups of factors that may affect on using decisions Coopmark Can Tho are reasonable prices, good products quality, shopping experience, advertisement and decoration methods, safety and comfortable of additional services. On the given basics, the paper suggests possible marketing solutions to attract the customers to come with Can Tho Coopmark more affiance.
To assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries and the knowledge regarding the emergency care amo... more To assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries and the knowledge regarding the emergency care among school children in rural area Dehra, Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 13 government schools among 1041 subjects aged 11- 14 years. The demographic details and knowledge regarding emergency care was recorded on a structured questionnaire. The data regarding the traumatic injuries was recorded using modified Ellis' classification. Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) was found to be 5.12 %. Maxillary central incisor was the most common tooth to be affected (58.1%). The main cause for TDI was found to be due to falls (51.2%). Enamel with dentin fracture with pulp exposure was the main type of TDI (46.7%). The awareness regarding emergency care revealed that 63.4% of subjects were aware of emergency care. The knowledge regarding TDI increased with increase in age. The prevalence of dental trauma was found to be low and the awareness level regarding emergency care was found to be fair. Hence it is highly recommended to plan a community wide trauma prevention campaign targeting parents, children and dental care providers.
When a tooth is fractured at the gingival level due to accidental trauma and there is insufficien... more When a tooth is fractured at the gingival level due to accidental trauma and there is insufficient coronal tooth structure to retain a crown, a custom cast dowel and core often is necessary, followed by the fabrication of a definitive crown. It is very difficult to fabricate the provisional restoration for a tooth until the custom cast dowel and core are cemented permanently. This article describes a direct procedure for fabricating a provisional restoration (with a prefabricated temporary titanium post and an acrylic resin denture tooth) immediately after the tooth has been prepared for a custom cast dowel and core. This technique produces excellent clinical results while being less time-consuming than an indirect approach.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate and assess, through questionnaire, the knowledge of ... more The present study was undertaken to evaluate and assess, through questionnaire, the knowledge of mothers with different education levels regarding the emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth. The replantation is the preferred treatment for avulsed tooth. The prognosis depends upon the handling of the periodontal ligament and speed of replantation. Mothers are commonly taking care of children and are around them when such injuries can occur. Their knowledge about emergency management of avulsed tooth is important; that can vary upon the level of education of mothers. The 800 mothers were divided into two groups of 400 each depending upon two different educational levels- primary and higher/technical education. After obtaining the consent, they filled 10 item questionnaire containing both correct and wrong answers related to emergency management of avulsed teeth. Collected data was statistically analyzed. The results indicated highly significant difference in the knowledge of mothers of two groups regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth with better knowledge and awareness in mothers with higher/technical education. Mothers with technical school education had better knowledge than mothers with primary school education. However, mothers of both the groups were severely lacking in the complete and accurate knowledge.
The current scenario in dentistry proposes several treatment modalities for the esthetic and func... more The current scenario in dentistry proposes several treatment modalities for the esthetic and functional replacement of a congenitally or traumatically missing anterior tooth in young and adult patients which includes implant supported single crown, conventional FPD, Resin Bonded FPD (RBFPD) or RPD. However when certain clinical conditions or unwillingness of the patient preclude the replacement of missing tooth with any of these prostheses, in such cases, a more conservative treatment modality, fiber reinforce composite resin fixed partial denture with composite resin, porcelain fused to metal, all ceramic or natural tooth pontic can be consider as a definitive treatment alternative in certain clinical conditions. This article describes successful rehabilitation of three different patients with three types of pontics by this technique.
Gardner&a... more Gardner's syndrome is a genetic condition demonstrating an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the multiple colonic polyps (familial adenomatous polyposis coli) with sebaceous cysts and jaw osteomas. Various dental abnormalities present in patient's suffering with this syndrome includes multiple impacted or unerupted teeth, supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, compound odontomes and dentigerous cyst. In this case report, a patient with Gardner's syndrome who suffered from functional and psychological problems owing to multiple impacted, unerupted teeth and hypodontia was presented. Patient was treated with…
Aims and objectives: Making of definitive/secondary impression of displaceable flabby tissues wit... more Aims and objectives: Making of definitive/secondary impression of displaceable flabby tissues with minimum or no displacement of tissue by using window impression technique. Background: Displaceable, flabby or hyperplastic tissues or commonly seen in the anterior region of edentulous maxilla opposing mandibular anterior natural teeth or in the mandibular alveolar ridge when extensive bone resorption has occurred. Prevalence of flabby ridges can vary, occurring in up to 24% of edentulous maxilla and in 5% of edentulous mandible. Displacement of flabby tissues during impression making is always a concern. Soft tissues that are displaced during impression making tend to return to their original form, and complete dentures fabricated from such impression will not accurately fit on the recovered tissues resulting in loss of retention, stability and occlusal disharmony the dentures. Materials and Methods: This technique uses a custom tray with a window over mobile tissues and a mucostatic...
Fiber reinforced composite resin fixed partial dentures (FRCFPD) with composite resin, PFM or all... more Fiber reinforced composite resin fixed partial dentures (FRCFPD) with composite resin, PFM or all ceramic pontic can be used as a short term or long term alternative to conventional fixed partial dentures or implant supported crown in young patients where conventional FPD is contraindicated (large pulp chambers) or in patient's unwilling to invasive implant placement surgical procedure and those who do not want to allow preparation of natural sound abutments for placement of retainers for FPD. FRCFPD can be successfully used for replacing missing anterior tooth (Turker and Sener, J Prosthet Dent 100:254-258, 2008), in conditions which allows minimum occlusal loading of pontic, over jet and overbite not greater than 3 mm (Ricketts, Provocations and perceptions in craniofacial orthopedics: dental science and facial art/parts 1 and 2. Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, p 7023, 1990) and structurally sound and intact abutments for the fiber reinforced matrix (Rose et al., Quintess...
To estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water, cow&amp... more To estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk and to correlate the concentration of fluoride in cow's milk and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water. Ten households having both cows and buffalo's were selected by convenience in each of the 3 zones (below optimum fluoride <0.7 ppm (parts per million), optimum fluoride 0.7-1.2 ppm and above optimum fluoride areas > 1.2 ppm). From these selected households, 200 ml of fresh milk of both cows and buffaloes was collected along with 200 ml of drinking water for estimation of fluoride concentration by using a fluoride ion selective electrode method. The data was analysed using SPSS, version 11.5 for windows. The mean fluoride concentration of drinking water, cow's milk and buffalo's milk in three different fluoride zones was 0.89±0.39, 0.09±0.07, 0.09±0.08 respectively. Pearson's correlation found a statistically significant correlation between fluoride concentrations in cow's and buffalo's milk with varying levels of fluoride concentration in drinking water in zone B and zone C. However, this correlation was not statistically significant in zone A. With an increase in fluoride concentration in drinking water there was an increase in concentration of fluoride in cow's and buffalo's milk. We conclude that this association is seen in conjunction to not only a single factor but rather due to culmination of several other aspects. So, there is a need to elucidate the other factors that might be contributing to this increase and dental fluorosis.
The tumorigenicity of most cases of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL) is dri... more The tumorigenicity of most cases of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL) is driven by the oncogenic fusion protein NPM-ALK in a STAT3-dependent manner. Since it has been shown that STAT3 can be inhibited by STAT1 in some experimental models, we hypothesized that the STAT1 signaling pathway is defective in ALK+ALCL, thereby leaving the STAT3 signaling unchecked. Compared to normal T-cells, ALK+ALCL tumors consistently expressed a low level of STAT1. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway appreciably increased STAT1 expression in ALK+ALCL cells. Furthermore, we found evidence that NPM-ALK binds to and phosphorylates STAT1, thereby promoting its proteasomal degradation in a STAT3-dependent manner. If restored, STAT1 is functionally intact in ALK+ALCL cells, as it effectively up-regulated γ-interferon, induced apoptosis/cell-cycle arrest, potentiated the inhibitory effects of doxorubicin, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. STAT1 interfered with the STAT3 sign...
A patient of hemimaxillectomy with restricted mouth opening, wearing a hard acrylic bulb obturato... more A patient of hemimaxillectomy with restricted mouth opening, wearing a hard acrylic bulb obturator encountered difficulty in insertion and removal of the prosthesis. The prosthesis was converted into a open hollow bulb obturator with flexible walls with permanent silicone soft liner for easy insertion and removal. Patients having acquired maxillary defects due to surgical resection of the maxilla often suffer with difficulty in mastication, swallowing, nasal regurgitation, speech disturbances and poor esthetics. Different types of obturator with various bulb designs most commonly fabricated from acrylic resins together with "acrylic resin plate and/or" metal framework are used to improve the quality of life of these patients by restoring the function. But restricted mouth opening in some of these patients makes it difficult to place and remove the prosthesis with hard acrylic bulb. Fabrication of flexible open hollow bulb and relining of remaining obturator with resilient permanent silicone soft liner makes easy insertion and removal of the prosthesis and also improve the retention by intimate contact of soft liner with the tissues. Permanent silicone soft liner open hollow bulb obturator is a novel way for the functional rehabilitation of a hemimaxillectomy patient suffering with restricted mouth opening.
Dental caries and deviations from normal weight are two conditions which share several broadly pr... more Dental caries and deviations from normal weight are two conditions which share several broadly predisposing factors. So it's important to understand any relationship between dental state and body weight if either is to be managed appropriately. The study was done to find out the correlation between body mass index (BMI), diet, and dental caries among 12-15-year-old schoolgoing children in Panchkula District. A multistage sample of 12-15-year-old school children (n = 810) in Panchkula district, Haryana was considered. Child demographic details and diet history for 5 days was recorded. Data regarding dental caries status was collected using World Health Organization (1997) format. BMI was calculated and categorized according to the World Health Organization classification system for BMI. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square test and binomial regression developed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0. The mean Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) score was found to be 1.72 with decayed, missing, and filled teeth to be 1.22, 0.04, and 0.44, respectively. When the sample was assessed based on type of diet, it was found that vegetarians had higher mean DMFT (1.72) as compared to children having mixed diet. Overweight children had highest DMFT (3.21) which was followed by underweight (2.31) and obese children (2.23). Binomial regression revealed that females were 1.293 times at risk of developing caries as compared to males. Fair and poor Simplified-Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) showed 3.920 and 4.297 times risk of developing caries as compared to good oral hygiene, respectively. Upper high socioeconomic status (SES) is at most risk of developing caries. Underweight, overweight, and obese are at 2.7, 2.5, and 3 times risk of developing caries as compared to children with normal BMI, respectively. Dental caries and deviations from normal weight are two conditions which share several broadly predisposing factors such as diet, SES, lifestyle and other environmental factors.
We have recently described a novel phenotypic dichotomy within estrogen receptor-positive breast ... more We have recently described a novel phenotypic dichotomy within estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells; the cell subset responsive to a Sox2 regulatory region (SRR2) reporter (RR cells) are significantly more tumorigenic than the reporter unresponsive (RU) cells. Here, we report that a similar phenomenon also exists in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), with RR cells more tumorigenic than RU cells. First, examination of all 3 TNBC cell lines stably infected with the SRR2 reporter revealed the presence of a cell subset exhibiting reporter activity. Second, RU and RR cells purified by flow cytometry showed that RR cells expressed higher levels of CD44, generated more spheres in a limiting dilution mammosphere formation assay, and formed larger and more complex structures in Matrigel. Third, within the CD44High/CD24- tumor-initiating cell population derived from MDA-MB-231, RR cells were significantly more tumorigenic than RU cells in an in vivo SCID/Beige xenograft mouse mod...
Uploads
Papers by IJETM Journal