Papers by Nashwah Eltokhy
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of repeated co-exposure of the widely used an... more Current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of repeated co-exposure of the widely used analgesic-antipyretic drug Acetaminophen (Paracetamol), Malathion (organophosphates pesticides), and metalloid (Arsenic) on the functions of the liver and pancreas of male albino rats. Eighty male albino rats weighing 140-160g were orally treated with Acetaminophen (100 mg/kg b.w), Malathion (30 mg/kg b.w) or Arsenic (1.5 mg/kg b.w) individually and in-combination for 28 days. Biochemical results revealed that all treatments under investigation showed significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and amylase activities, as well as fasting glucose levels. Lipase recorded fluctuation in its activity according to treatment group, whereas cholinesterase activity (ChE) showed non–significant changes except for malathion treatment. In contrast, paraoxonase (PON1) and insulin activities were significantly declined after single and combined treatment...
Oxidative stress and DNA damage have been impl icated in the pathogenesis of many diseases such a... more Oxidative stress and DNA damage have been impl icated in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as chronic inflammation and sepsis. Oxidative DNA damage is an inevitable consequence of cellular metabolism, with a propensity for increased levels following toxic insult. Antioxidants could be a part of a protective strategy to minimize oxidative damage in such cases. The major goal of this study was to examine the ability of two antioxidants namely, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (drug preparation) to protect brain from oxidative stress and modify lymphocyte DNA damage induced by lipopolysaccharid (LPS, endotoxin). Randomized seventy-five healthy adult male rats weighing 150–170 g were instructed to our experimental design. Lymphocyte DNA damage was measured using a single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. LPS injection resulted in a significant alteration on brain oxidative status observed as elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation), nitric...
Nature and Science of Sleep
Profenofos is an organophosphorous insecticide which extensively used in agriculture and househol... more Profenofos is an organophosphorous insecticide which extensively used in agriculture and household. The present work is under taken to evaluate acute, subchronic and withdrawal effects of profenofos intoxication on some lipid metabolism indices and cytotoxicity enzymes biomarkers as well as on total non-specific esterase in blood of male white rats. Adult male white rats weighing 200±20 g were orally administered with Profenofos at single dose of 47.5mg/kg body weight or repeated dose of 23.75mg/kg body weight. Exposure to single or repeated doses of Profenofos elicited significant increase in TC, TG and LDL-C levels parallel to a decrease in HDL-C level. Also, induction of AcP, ALP, LDH and CK activities were recorded throughout most of the experiments periods as compared to corresponding controls at confidence interval 95% or P >0.05 respectively. Pointed to the withdrawal effect; all the parameters under investigation restored near the control values except for HDL-C and LDL-C...
oxidative stress plays a key role in sepsis induced by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which i... more oxidative stress plays a key role in sepsis induced by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is known to enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, biochemical parameters indicative of hepatic injury and oxidative stress were tested in rat liver following LPS challenge, with or without tre atment with the antioxidants alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (antioxidant drug preparation). Treatment with LPS alone resulted in a significant (P<0.05) alteration in liver oxidative status observed as elevation in alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT& AST) activities , malondialdehyde (MAD, index of lipid peroxidation) level and nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Also, activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in LPS-treated group, as compared to control level. Treatment for seven days with either ALA or Antox prior to or after LPS challenge significantly (...
The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential gastric protective and therapeutic effe... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential gastric protective and therapeutic effects of ranitidine mucoadhesive hydrogel formulae against ethanol induced gastric ulceration in rats. Adult female albino rats weighing between 200-220 g ,75 rats for evaluation of mucoadhesiveness of hydrogel and 70 rats for evaluation of protective and therapeutic effect of ranitidine hydrogel. The seventy rats were randomly divided into two experiments, protective and therapeutic effects of newly developed ranitidine mucoadhesive hydrogel formulae containing polymer mixture of Chitosan and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) at ratio 9:1 (F1) or mixture of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and HPMC at ratio 9:1 (F2). Each experiment has five groups, seven rats each; group 1 serves as control and group 2 serves as ulcer control since received a single oral dose of absolute ethanol (5ml/kg body weight). Group 3 ulcer group received an oral dose of ranitidine (27mg/kg), while group...
Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 2008
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2009
The marketing of mixtures of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides has become very common i... more The marketing of mixtures of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides has become very common in developing countries and has resulted in an increase in the prevalence of toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of a commercial preparation of the pesticide mixture durasin, which contains 60% diazinon and 0.5% deltamethrin, compared with the individual commercial pesticides of diazinon 30% and deltamethrin 5%. Forty male albino rats weighing 160 ± 20 g were divided into; DA (diazinon 20 mg/Kg b.w.), DA (deltamethrin 2 mg/Kg b.w.), M (durasin 20 mg/Kg b.w.) and control (C); cholinesterase (ChE), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and non-specific esterase's isoenzymes in rat's blood were determined following 7 and 14 days of treatment. The weekly-recorded biochemical results were used as criteria for estimating the joint effects of the tested pesticide mixture. Antioxidant defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in rat plasma displayed the same responses with intensities which were related to the different treatments. Biochemical analysis showed that (DA) or (DM) individually cause alteration in lipid metabolism and non-specific esterase, while mixture treatment (M) induced antagonistic effects toward all the tested parameters except total reduced glutathione level, which was synergistic at the 2nd week. In conclusion the commercial mixture (M) under study has potentially greater toxic impact than the components alone in the rat.
The current investigation aimed to evaluate endocrine disruption and oxidative stress of subchron... more The current investigation aimed to evaluate endocrine disruption and oxidative stress of subchronic co-exposure of Malathion (500 ppm), Arsenic (50 ppm) and Paracetamol (100 mg/kg b.w) in white rats. Eighty adult male albino rats weighing 120-140 g were orally treated with these agents individually or in-combination for 28 days (4weeks).Changes in body weight gain, blood total triiodothyronin (T3), thyroxin (T4), testosterone, lipid peroxidation (MDA), total antioxidants capacity (TAC) and total proteins (TP); besides some histopathological and morphometrical analysis of testis and thyroid tissues were evaluated. Exposure to selected xenobiotics individually or combined showed general decrease in body weight; a significant reduction in T3 level in Paracetamol combined treated groups; a significant increase in T4 among Arsenic treated groups; as well as reduction in testosterone level in all treated groups. A significant elevation in MDA concomitant with reduction in TAC and signific...
The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential gastric protective and therapeutic effe... more The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential gastric protective and therapeutic effects of ranitidine mucoadhesive hydrogel formulae against ethanol induced gastric ulceration in rats. Adult female albino rats weighing between 200-220 g ,75 rats for evaluation of mucoadhesiveness of hydrogel and 70 rats for evaluation of protective and therapeutic effect of ranitidine hydrogel. The seventy rats were randomly divided into two experiments, protective and therapeutic effects of newly developed ranitidine mucoadhesive hydrogel formulae containing polymer mixture of Chitosan and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) at ratio 9:1 (F1) or mixture of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and HPMC at ratio 9:1 (F2). Each experiment has five groups, seven rats each; group 1 serves as control and group 2 serves as ulcer control since received a single oral dose of absolute ethanol (5ml/kg body weight). Group 3 ulcer group received an oral dose of ranitidine (27mg/kg), while groups 4 and 5 ulcer group received newly formulae of ranitidine F1& F2 respectively. In the present study some gastric parameters as ulcer index, total acidity, gastric volume and pH besides some biochemical parameters as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total protein (TP) level and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were carried out at the end of the experimental period.The present study showed that F1 revealed more protective and therapeutic potency than F2 as it was significantly reduced ulcer index, total acidity, gastric volume and pH in comparison to ulcerated group (p<0.05). Also, the biochemical markers ALT, AST and TAC were decreased significantly compared to ulcerated group in both experiments. TP level and ALP activity were altered among different treatments. Moderate improvement in mucus secretion was recorded for F1 & F2 treatments than the reference drug. The present results were confirmed by the histopathology findings. Collectively, the current study confirmed the better therapeutic action of formulae 1 & 2 over the pure drug and that F1 was the most potent formula. Also, it encouraged the use of F2 as a curative agent of ulceration rather than a protective one.
Key words: Ranitidine, mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation, liver function markers, physiological ulcer indexes, mucin secretion
ABSTRACT: oxidative stress plays a key role in sepsis induced by endotoxin
lipopolysaccharide (LP... more ABSTRACT: oxidative stress plays a key role in sepsis induced by endotoxin
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is known to enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS). In this study, biochemical parameters indicative of hepatic injury and oxidative stress
were tested in rat liver following LPS challenge, with or without tre atment with the
antioxidants alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (antioxidant drug preparation).
Treatment with LPS alone resulted in a significant (P<0.05) alteration in liver oxidative status
observed as elevation in alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT& AST) activities ,
malondialdehyde (MAD, index of lipid peroxidation) level and nitric oxide (NO)
concentration. Also, activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in LPS-treated group,
as compared to control level.
Treatment for seven days with either ALA or Antox prior to or after LPS challenge
significantly (P<0.05) decrease ALT, AST, MDA and NO levels when compared to LPS
alone. On the other hand, administration of ALA and Antox prior to or after LPS treatment
significantly increase the activities of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px when compared with LPS
treated group.
These results indicate that either ALA or Antox may serve as a potentially effective
prophylactic agents in alleviating LPS- induced oxidative stress. The beneficial pretreatment
effects of the antioxidant against oxidative stress in this study may suggest a potential
chemopreventive effect of these compounds in septic prevention
ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress and DNA damage have been impl icated in the pathogenesis
of many disea... more ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress and DNA damage have been impl icated in the pathogenesis
of many diseases such as chronic inflammation and sepsis. Oxidative DNA damage is an
inevitable consequence of cellular
metabolism, with a propensity for increased levels
following
toxic insult.
Antioxidants could be a part of a protective strategy to minimize oxidative damage in such
cases. The major goal of this study was to examine the ability of two antioxidants namely,
alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (drug preparation) to protect brain from oxidative stress
and modify lymphocyte DNA damage induced by lipopolysaccharid (LPS, endotoxin).
Randomized seventy-five healthy adult male rats weighing 150–170 g were instructed to
our experimental design. Lymphocyte DNA damage was measured using a single -cell gel
electrophoresis (comet) assay.
LPS injection resulted in a significant alteration on brain oxidative status observed as
elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation), nitric oxide
(NO) and reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH). Also, the activi ties of antioxidant
defense system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased
significantly in rats' brain. Moreover, increase in the percentage damage of lymphocyte
DNA concentration accompanied with higher tail length was observed foll owing LPS
administration.
Antioxidants supplementation ameliorated brain oxidative stress by reducing levels of
MDA and NO, restoring normal GSH content and normalizing the activities of antioxidant
enzymes SOD and CAT. As well as the treated doses lowering the percentage of
lymphocyte DNA damage and decreased tail length. In conclusion, antioxidants
supplementation by ALA and Antox decreased brain oxidative stress markers and
attenuated DNA damage.
ixing organophosphate and pyrethroid becomes very common in the insecticide markets in the develo... more ixing organophosphate and pyrethroid becomes very common in the insecticide markets in the developing countries and result in an increase in the prevalence of mixed toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of a commercial preparation of a pesticide mixture Durasin, which contains 60 % diazinon (DA) and 0.5% deltamethrin (DM), compared to the individual commercial pesticides of 30% DA and 5% DM. Cholinesterase (ChE), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and non-specific esterase's isoenzymes in blood of male albino rats were determined after 7 and 14 days of treatment. The weekly recorded biochemical results were used as criteria for estimating the joint action of the tested pesticide mixture. Antioxidant defense mechanism and lipid peroxidation in rat plasma displayed the same responses with different intensity depending on the different treatments. Biochemical analysis showed that administration of DA and DM caused alterations in lipid metabolism and non-specific esterase. The results also revealed that the mixture induced antagonistic effects toward all the tested parameters except the total reduced glutathione level, which was synergetic at the 2 nd week. The study pointed out to the importance of performing biochemical tests on the commercial mixture of insecticides.
Profenofos is an organophosphorous insecticide which extensively used in agriculture and househol... more Profenofos is an organophosphorous insecticide which extensively used in agriculture and household. The present work is under taken to evaluate acute, subchronic and withdrawal effects of profenofos intoxication on some lipid metabolism indices and cytotoxicity enzymes biomarkers as well as on total non-specific esterase in blood of male white rats. Adult male white rats weighing 200±20 g were orally administered with Profenofos at single dose of 47.5mg/kg body weight or repeated dose of 23.75mg/kg body weight. Exposure to single or repeated doses of Profenofos elicited significant increase in TC, TG and LDL-C levels parallel to a decrease in HDL-C level. Also, induction of AcP, ALP, LDH and CK activities were recorded throughout most of the experiments periods as compared to corresponding controls at confidence interval 95% or P value>0.05 respectively. Pointed to the withdrawal effect; all the parameters under investigation restored near the control values except for HDL-C and LDL-C. The present data also explored that acute and subchronic Profenofos intoxication induced significant induction in the total non-specific esterase (NSE) activity and exhibited marked changes in its fractional activity and electrophoretic mobility. Signs of recovery were seen in fractional activity to Profenofos withdrawal. Conclusion: Continuous exposure to Profenofos alters lipid metabolism; increase the activities of cytotoxicity enzymes biomarkers, thereby it may be a causative factor for multiple organs dysfunction as liver, kidney, heart and muscles. Also, the present investigation supports the idea that the estimation of fractional rather than the total activity of NSE is more reliable in reflecting the molecular consequences of acute and chronic oxidative stress induced by single oxidant.
Current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of repeated co-exposure of the widely used an... more Current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of repeated co-exposure of the widely used analgesic-antipyretic drug Acetaminophen (Paracetamol), Malathion (organophosphates pesticides), and metalloid (Arsenic) on the functions of the liver and pancreas of male albino rats. Eighty male albino rats weighing 140-160g were orally treated with Acetaminophen (100 mg/kg b.w), Malathion (30 mg/kg b.w) or Arsenic (1.5 mg/kg b.w) individually and in-combination for 28 days. Biochemical results revealed that all treatments under investigation showed significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and amylase activities, as well as fasting glucose levels. Lipase recorded fluctuation in its activity according to treatment group, whereas cholinesterase activity (ChE) showed non-significant changes except for malathion treatment. In contrast, paraoxonase (PON1) and insulin activities were significantly declined after single and combined treatments at (P < 0.05). Histopathological changes in liver and pancreas tissues among all treated groups were recorded. These physiological and pathological observations were more prominent in combined treatments. In conclusion, association of environmental factors including drug therapeutic dose and pollutants might lead to different unexpected types and levels of toxicities.
The current investigation aimed to evaluate endocrine disruption and oxidative stress of subchron... more The current investigation aimed to evaluate endocrine disruption and oxidative stress of subchronic coexposure of Malathion (500 ppm), Arsenic (50 ppm) and Paracetamol (100 mg/kg b.w) in white rats. Eighty adult male albino rats weighing 120-140 g were orally treated with these agents individually or in-combination for 28 days (4weeks).Changes in body weight gain, blood total triiodothyronin (T3), thyroxin (T4), testosterone, lipid peroxidation (MDA), total antioxidants capacity (TAC) and total proteins (TP); besides some histopathological and morphometrical analysis of testis and thyroid tissues were evaluated. Exposure to selected xenobiotics individually or combined showed general decrease in body weight; a significant reduction in T3 level in Paracetamol combined treated groups; a significant increase in T4 among Arsenic treated groups; as well as reduction in testosterone level in all treated groups. A significant elevation in MDA concomitant with reduction in TAC and significant increase in TP level were recorded in all treated groups as compared to control level. Histological examination revealed spermatogenic arrest, edema in interstitial spaces in most treated groups, meanwhile thyroid tissues displayed cystic dilatation in thyroid follicles, colloidal depletion and degenerative changes in folliculocytes. Morphometric measurements showed reduction in Leydig cells count, reduction in follicular cells height reflecting their impairments which confirm the biochemical changes. Join action analysis of these xenobiotics reflected synergistic reactions on body weight and testosterone activity, whereas appeared to be antagonistically onT3, T4 and TAC. On the other hand, MDA and total protein showed additive effects. These results revealed that Malathion, Arsenic and Paracetamol reacted differentially to the tested parameters.
Oxidative stress is one of the possible mechanisms resulted from organophosphate toxicity. Theref... more Oxidative stress is one of the possible mechanisms resulted from organophosphate toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the in vivo effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPF; 16.4 mg / kg / day body weight), on the serum and tissues antioxidant system of male Sprague Dawily rat and the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract (P; 500 mg/ kg/ day body weight) and rutin (R; 50 mg/ kg/ day body weight) as polyphenols to antagonize this response. The parameters were cholinesterase (ChE), acid phosphatase (ACP) and protein thiol (PrTh) in serum. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were estimated in liver, brain and kidney tissues. In addition, the activities of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and RNase) in the liver were measured as early apoptosis marker. Administration of CPF orally by gavage for two weeks induced a significant increase in serum ACP activity, LPO levels and liver lysosomal enzymes. Associated inhibitions in serum ChE activity and PrTh level were detected to CPF exposure. Also, results showed significant decreases in GSH content, GST and CAT activities in liver, brain and kidney. Supplementation with P or R to treated animals was significantly (P< 0.01) attenuated the toxicity and oxidative stress evoked by CPF. [Nature and Science. 2009;7(10):49-61]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
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Papers by Nashwah Eltokhy
Key words: Ranitidine, mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation, liver function markers, physiological ulcer indexes, mucin secretion
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is known to enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS). In this study, biochemical parameters indicative of hepatic injury and oxidative stress
were tested in rat liver following LPS challenge, with or without tre atment with the
antioxidants alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (antioxidant drug preparation).
Treatment with LPS alone resulted in a significant (P<0.05) alteration in liver oxidative status
observed as elevation in alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT& AST) activities ,
malondialdehyde (MAD, index of lipid peroxidation) level and nitric oxide (NO)
concentration. Also, activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in LPS-treated group,
as compared to control level.
Treatment for seven days with either ALA or Antox prior to or after LPS challenge
significantly (P<0.05) decrease ALT, AST, MDA and NO levels when compared to LPS
alone. On the other hand, administration of ALA and Antox prior to or after LPS treatment
significantly increase the activities of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px when compared with LPS
treated group.
These results indicate that either ALA or Antox may serve as a potentially effective
prophylactic agents in alleviating LPS- induced oxidative stress. The beneficial pretreatment
effects of the antioxidant against oxidative stress in this study may suggest a potential
chemopreventive effect of these compounds in septic prevention
of many diseases such as chronic inflammation and sepsis. Oxidative DNA damage is an
inevitable consequence of cellular
metabolism, with a propensity for increased levels
following
toxic insult.
Antioxidants could be a part of a protective strategy to minimize oxidative damage in such
cases. The major goal of this study was to examine the ability of two antioxidants namely,
alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (drug preparation) to protect brain from oxidative stress
and modify lymphocyte DNA damage induced by lipopolysaccharid (LPS, endotoxin).
Randomized seventy-five healthy adult male rats weighing 150–170 g were instructed to
our experimental design. Lymphocyte DNA damage was measured using a single -cell gel
electrophoresis (comet) assay.
LPS injection resulted in a significant alteration on brain oxidative status observed as
elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation), nitric oxide
(NO) and reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH). Also, the activi ties of antioxidant
defense system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased
significantly in rats' brain. Moreover, increase in the percentage damage of lymphocyte
DNA concentration accompanied with higher tail length was observed foll owing LPS
administration.
Antioxidants supplementation ameliorated brain oxidative stress by reducing levels of
MDA and NO, restoring normal GSH content and normalizing the activities of antioxidant
enzymes SOD and CAT. As well as the treated doses lowering the percentage of
lymphocyte DNA damage and decreased tail length. In conclusion, antioxidants
supplementation by ALA and Antox decreased brain oxidative stress markers and
attenuated DNA damage.
Key words: Ranitidine, mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation, liver function markers, physiological ulcer indexes, mucin secretion
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is known to enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS). In this study, biochemical parameters indicative of hepatic injury and oxidative stress
were tested in rat liver following LPS challenge, with or without tre atment with the
antioxidants alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (antioxidant drug preparation).
Treatment with LPS alone resulted in a significant (P<0.05) alteration in liver oxidative status
observed as elevation in alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT& AST) activities ,
malondialdehyde (MAD, index of lipid peroxidation) level and nitric oxide (NO)
concentration. Also, activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in LPS-treated group,
as compared to control level.
Treatment for seven days with either ALA or Antox prior to or after LPS challenge
significantly (P<0.05) decrease ALT, AST, MDA and NO levels when compared to LPS
alone. On the other hand, administration of ALA and Antox prior to or after LPS treatment
significantly increase the activities of GSH, SOD and GSH-Px when compared with LPS
treated group.
These results indicate that either ALA or Antox may serve as a potentially effective
prophylactic agents in alleviating LPS- induced oxidative stress. The beneficial pretreatment
effects of the antioxidant against oxidative stress in this study may suggest a potential
chemopreventive effect of these compounds in septic prevention
of many diseases such as chronic inflammation and sepsis. Oxidative DNA damage is an
inevitable consequence of cellular
metabolism, with a propensity for increased levels
following
toxic insult.
Antioxidants could be a part of a protective strategy to minimize oxidative damage in such
cases. The major goal of this study was to examine the ability of two antioxidants namely,
alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Antox (drug preparation) to protect brain from oxidative stress
and modify lymphocyte DNA damage induced by lipopolysaccharid (LPS, endotoxin).
Randomized seventy-five healthy adult male rats weighing 150–170 g were instructed to
our experimental design. Lymphocyte DNA damage was measured using a single -cell gel
electrophoresis (comet) assay.
LPS injection resulted in a significant alteration on brain oxidative status observed as
elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation), nitric oxide
(NO) and reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH). Also, the activi ties of antioxidant
defense system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased
significantly in rats' brain. Moreover, increase in the percentage damage of lymphocyte
DNA concentration accompanied with higher tail length was observed foll owing LPS
administration.
Antioxidants supplementation ameliorated brain oxidative stress by reducing levels of
MDA and NO, restoring normal GSH content and normalizing the activities of antioxidant
enzymes SOD and CAT. As well as the treated doses lowering the percentage of
lymphocyte DNA damage and decreased tail length. In conclusion, antioxidants
supplementation by ALA and Antox decreased brain oxidative stress markers and
attenuated DNA damage.