Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials... more The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials as potential amendments for the rehabilitation of mine degraded areas. Two types of natural zeolite tuffs, clinoptilolite- and mordenite rich originating from Samos Island, Greece, were used as low cost modifiers. In addition, the synthetic zeolite Na-P1, produced from lignite fly ash of the Meliti Lignite fired Power Station (Florina, Greece), was used. Fly ash was converted into synthetic zeolite via a low temperature alkaline hydrothermal treatment. In order to evaluate the aquatic solubility and potential bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils of the mining area of Lavrion, specific soil amendments were used in leaching experiments. The Na-P1zeolite proved to be the most effective among the tested amendments for in situ de-contamination of mining soils. Comparing the two natural zeolites used, the mordenite-rich tuff exhibited better results than the clinoptilolite-ri...
As the power generation sector in Greece is heavily reliant upon lignite combustion, it is necess... more As the power generation sector in Greece is heavily reliant upon lignite combustion, it is necessary to design novel pathways for lignite fly ash utilization, able to offer immediate industrial solutions. In this sense, the current study investigates the potential of highly calcareous and siliceous fly ash to be utilized as sorbents in mine wastewater treatment. Representative fly ash samples were collected from the lignite-fired power stations of Kardia & Megalopolis, Greece and tested for their pH regulation capability as well as their heavy metal-uptake capacity. Fly ash performance was tested by the use of actual wastewater samples from: a) an abandoned ore mine in Ermioni, eastern Peloponnese, Greece and b) leachates, prepared in the laboratory, of FeS 2 from the active mixed sulphidemine of Kassandra, Chalkidiki, northern Greece. The initial & remaining concentration of Hg, Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Coand Cr (total), was determined by means of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). For both fly ash types, their performance was tested as a function of reaction time and solid-to-liquid ratio. Both Kardia (high-CaO) and Megalopolis (SiO 2) ash showed promising results in heavy metal-uptake, with the first being clearly preferable when Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Co precipitation is the primary target of the process. Both sorbents are activated fast enough, having uptake the bulk amount of pollutants in the very first hour of solid-liquid reaction. Finally, as expected by its highly calcareous nature, Kardia fly ash has been more efficient in neutralizing acid mine water drainage, achieving pH=7 within short reaction times. The differentiation of flyash performance is attributed to the different physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of Kardia and Megalopolis flyash, which were determined by means of a series of analytical techniques, incl. SEM, XRF, XRD, and N 2-porosimetry.
In the present paper, two Class C, lignite fly ashes (FAs) were utilized for the fabrication of A... more In the present paper, two Class C, lignite fly ashes (FAs) were utilized for the fabrication of Al/fly ash metal matrix composites (MMCs) using the powder metallurgy (PM) technique. Aluminum-fly ash and aluminum/silicon alloy (Al-12% Si)-fly ash mixtures, containing 5, 10 and 15 wt.% of-both pozzolanic and hydraulic-FAs were prepared and compacted. The green products were tested for their thermal behavior in order for the sintering temperature to be determined. Then, they were sintered for 2 and 6 h. The density of composites was decreasing with the increase of the percentage participation of fly ash particles into them. Apart from that, although FA clusters had been developing in the metal matrix, there was a significant enhancement in the hardness of MMCs when increasing FA content, which is mainly attributed to the intense calcareous nature of the reinforcement material. Volume and mass changes throughout calcination were also estimated as a function of increasing FA weight percent and it seems that CaO (%) of FAs plays a crucial role regarding the post-sintering raise in the mass and volume of composites. Microscopic studies of green and sintered compacts clearly indicated the effectiveness of the sintering process. Additionally, the composites were characterized in terms of their chemical composition and mineralogical structure. The rise of Ca-Si-and Si-mineral phases is intense, particularly for the composites with the highest percentage presence of CaO in FAs (15 wt.%) and does not differentiate as a function of the sintering time.
Surface lignite mines of the Balkan Peninsula face growing pressure due to the CO2 emissions redu... more Surface lignite mines of the Balkan Peninsula face growing pressure due to the CO2 emissions reduction initiatives, rapidly increasing renewable-power capacity, and cheap natural gas. In this frame, the development of a modern mine land rehabilitation strategy is considered as a prerequisite for mitigating the social and economic impacts for the local communities. In the case of western Macedonia lignite mines, these prospects are investigated based on a PEST (political, economic, social, technological) analysis of seven alternative land uses. Urban (industrial) development, green houses, and industrial heritage parks are considered as the most appropriate land uses for mitigating the socioeconomic impacts due to the loss of employments. For the land uses occupying large areas (i.e., agriculture, forestry, livestock farming, and photovoltaic parks), an optimisation algorithm is proposed for determining the mix of land uses that maximise revenue, equity, and natural conservation and ...
International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
11 Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform chemicals. I... more 11 Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform chemicals. It can be 12 synthesized from biomass carbohydrates mainly glucose and fructose via dehydration under acidic conditions. The 13 reaction may be performed either in water, ionic liquids or organic solvents, in particular polar aprotic solvents. In 14 this work the process modelling of a two-step synthesis of HMF from biomass is presented. Starting from 15 hemicellulose-free biomass, the first step includes the hydrolysis of cellulose towards glucose in the presence of 16 H2SO4 as catalyst, while in a second step glucose is dehydrated to HMF with the aid of Sn20/Al2O3 catalyst. 17 Hydrolysis is performed in aqueous medium, while dehydration of glucose is taking place in a DMSO/H2O mixture. 18 Overall production of HMF is modelled via the chemical process optimization software, ASPEN PlusTM. The 19 optimized process is scaled up at an industrial scale where the heat integration and mass and ...
The aim of this study is to examine the e ectiveness of low temperature alkaline hydrothermal tre... more The aim of this study is to examine the e ectiveness of low temperature alkaline hydrothermal treatment methods of Greek lignite y ashes for the synthesis of speci c zeolites suitable for environmental and agricultural applications. Relatively high silica y ash samples from Meliti and Megalopoli Electric Power Stations, were tested as raw materials that underwent alkaline hydrothermal treatments by NaOH and KOH solutions, at about 100C, with a constant ratio of raw material/alkaline solution 100gr/L. The applied techniques mainly aimed at the dissolution of Al-Si bearing phases of the y ash and the subsequent precipitation of the zeolitic minerals. Both the initial materials and the nal solid products were subjected to XRD and SEM study along with EPMA for the identi cation of their mineral phases. XRF was used for the determination of the materials' chemical changes after the thermal alkali digestion. Furthermore, the CEC values of the original and the treated materials were de...
The paper deals with the development of an online tool for slagging and fouling prediction inpulv... more The paper deals with the development of an online tool for slagging and fouling prediction inpulverized coal boilers. The frame of the research work is the EU funded ?Clean Selective?Project which aims on the local prediction of deposition in order to identify regions of severeslagging and fouling. Based on this information cleaning mechanisms can be undertaken toimprove the power plant performance. The demonstration power plant is the Teruel powerstation in Spain; boiler CFD calculations are carried out for various coals and load conditions,coupled with an ash deposition post-process in order to identify critical regions for ashdeposition and slagging. The online sensor is based on novel measurement techniques, suchas strain gauge and heat flux sensors. Moreover in the radiative part of the boiler a neuralnetwork model was adapted to the current operation conditions for the control of sootblowers. All in all these measures will contribute to an intelligent boiler cleaning strategy,...
Abstract5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform che... more Abstract5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform chemicals. It can be synthesized from biomass carbohydrates, mainly glucose and fructose, via dehydration under acidic conditions. The reaction may be performed either in water, ionic liquids or organic solvents, in particular polar aprotic solvents. In this work, the process modelling of a two-step synthesis of 5-HMF from biomass is presented. Starting from hemicellulose-free biomass, the first step includes the hydrolysis of cellulose towards glucose in the presence of H2SO4 as catalyst, while in a second step glucose is dehydrated to 5-HMF with the aid of Sn20/γ-Αl2O3 catalyst. Hydrolysis is performed in aqueous medium, while dehydration of glucose is taking place in a DMSO/H2O mixture. The overall production of 5-HMF is modelled via the chemical process optimization software ASPEN PLUS™. The optimized process is scaled up at an industrial scale where the heat integration, mass and energy balance calculations are performed.
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
Geological storage of CO2 in geological structures in the subsurface can mitigate global warming.... more Geological storage of CO2 in geological structures in the subsurface can mitigate global warming. A safe storage of CO2 can be ensured through the development of comprehensive monitoring programs that prevent any possible leakage of CO2. This paper presents various monitoring strategies of CO2 subsurface movement in the Prinos reservoir, northern Greece, the results of a simulation of a CO2 leak through a well, and an environmental risk assessment study related to the leakage of CO2 or oil from the seafloor. After only 13.7 years, from the beginning of injection, the CO2 leak reaches the seabed in the form of gas. For the assessment we set up a model, using ArcGIS software, based on the use of data regarding the speeds of the winds and currents encountered in the region. Assumptions were also made related to the flow rate of CO2. Modeling results show that it only takes a period of 10 days from the start of oil leakage until the “Natura” protected areas start to be affected. CO2 lea...
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
Sandstone of the Pentalofos formation from the Mesohellenic Trough was examined as a potential re... more Sandstone of the Pentalofos formation from the Mesohellenic Trough was examined as a potential reservoir for CO2 sequestration. Experiments were carried out into batch reactors for 6 months by mixing a simplified porewater solution saturated with CO2 (150 bar, 70oC) with crushed sandstone. The sandstone is mainly composed of carbonates, feldspars and quartz, and secondly of clays and phyllosilicates. Chemical analysis of aqueous samples showed an increase in the concentration of dissolved ions as the experiment progressed. Geochemical kinetic models that were constructed using the PHREEQC geochemical code showed that the fluid chemistry is controlled by carbonate and feldspar dissolution, clay and quartz precipitation and cation exchange reactions. The proposed models were also used to estimate the future changes in mineralogy of the sandstone in order to evaluate its suitability as a CO2 reservoir.
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2013
The sustainable and environmentally friendly energy production has been a major issue of the worl... more The sustainable and environmentally friendly energy production has been a major issue of the world energy sector in recent years. Coal is a major fossil fuel that provides approximately 25% of the total energy demand worldwide; coal reserves still remain significant, although in several cases its exploitation trends to be economically marginal. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) has been identified as a technology which can bridge the gap between energy production and environmental and financial sustainability. Several UCG trials have taken place, although, there are still questions relative to their safety, performance and applicability. To that direction, modelling can prove to be a very effective and practical tool for the prediction of the project performance and the reduction of the risk involved. UCG is a complex process which incorporates mechanical and chemical processes thus modelling is complex since it demands coupling the aforementioned processes. The current study aims...
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2016
The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials... more The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials as potential amendments for the rehabilitation of mine degraded areas. Two types of natural zeolite tuffs, clinoptilolite-and mordenite-rich originating from Samos Island, Greece, were used as low cost modifiers. In addition, the synthetic zeolite Na-P1, produced from lignite fly ash of the Meliti Lignite fired Power Station (Florina, Greece), was used. Fly ash was converted into synthetic zeolite via a low temperature alkaline hydrothermal treatment. In order to evaluate the aquatic solubility and potential bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils of the mining area of Lavrion, specific soil amendments were used in leaching experiments. The Na-P1zeolite proved to be the most effective among the tested amendments for in situ de-contamination of mining soils. Comparing the two natural zeolites used, the mordenite-rich tuff exhibited better results than the clinoptilolite-ric...
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials... more The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials as potential amendments for the rehabilitation of mine degraded areas. Two types of natural zeolite tuffs, clinoptilolite- and mordenite rich originating from Samos Island, Greece, were used as low cost modifiers. In addition, the synthetic zeolite Na-P1, produced from lignite fly ash of the Meliti Lignite fired Power Station (Florina, Greece), was used. Fly ash was converted into synthetic zeolite via a low temperature alkaline hydrothermal treatment. In order to evaluate the aquatic solubility and potential bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils of the mining area of Lavrion, specific soil amendments were used in leaching experiments. The Na-P1zeolite proved to be the most effective among the tested amendments for in situ de-contamination of mining soils. Comparing the two natural zeolites used, the mordenite-rich tuff exhibited better results than the clinoptilolite-ri...
As the power generation sector in Greece is heavily reliant upon lignite combustion, it is necess... more As the power generation sector in Greece is heavily reliant upon lignite combustion, it is necessary to design novel pathways for lignite fly ash utilization, able to offer immediate industrial solutions. In this sense, the current study investigates the potential of highly calcareous and siliceous fly ash to be utilized as sorbents in mine wastewater treatment. Representative fly ash samples were collected from the lignite-fired power stations of Kardia & Megalopolis, Greece and tested for their pH regulation capability as well as their heavy metal-uptake capacity. Fly ash performance was tested by the use of actual wastewater samples from: a) an abandoned ore mine in Ermioni, eastern Peloponnese, Greece and b) leachates, prepared in the laboratory, of FeS 2 from the active mixed sulphidemine of Kassandra, Chalkidiki, northern Greece. The initial & remaining concentration of Hg, Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Coand Cr (total), was determined by means of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). For both fly ash types, their performance was tested as a function of reaction time and solid-to-liquid ratio. Both Kardia (high-CaO) and Megalopolis (SiO 2) ash showed promising results in heavy metal-uptake, with the first being clearly preferable when Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Co precipitation is the primary target of the process. Both sorbents are activated fast enough, having uptake the bulk amount of pollutants in the very first hour of solid-liquid reaction. Finally, as expected by its highly calcareous nature, Kardia fly ash has been more efficient in neutralizing acid mine water drainage, achieving pH=7 within short reaction times. The differentiation of flyash performance is attributed to the different physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of Kardia and Megalopolis flyash, which were determined by means of a series of analytical techniques, incl. SEM, XRF, XRD, and N 2-porosimetry.
In the present paper, two Class C, lignite fly ashes (FAs) were utilized for the fabrication of A... more In the present paper, two Class C, lignite fly ashes (FAs) were utilized for the fabrication of Al/fly ash metal matrix composites (MMCs) using the powder metallurgy (PM) technique. Aluminum-fly ash and aluminum/silicon alloy (Al-12% Si)-fly ash mixtures, containing 5, 10 and 15 wt.% of-both pozzolanic and hydraulic-FAs were prepared and compacted. The green products were tested for their thermal behavior in order for the sintering temperature to be determined. Then, they were sintered for 2 and 6 h. The density of composites was decreasing with the increase of the percentage participation of fly ash particles into them. Apart from that, although FA clusters had been developing in the metal matrix, there was a significant enhancement in the hardness of MMCs when increasing FA content, which is mainly attributed to the intense calcareous nature of the reinforcement material. Volume and mass changes throughout calcination were also estimated as a function of increasing FA weight percent and it seems that CaO (%) of FAs plays a crucial role regarding the post-sintering raise in the mass and volume of composites. Microscopic studies of green and sintered compacts clearly indicated the effectiveness of the sintering process. Additionally, the composites were characterized in terms of their chemical composition and mineralogical structure. The rise of Ca-Si-and Si-mineral phases is intense, particularly for the composites with the highest percentage presence of CaO in FAs (15 wt.%) and does not differentiate as a function of the sintering time.
Surface lignite mines of the Balkan Peninsula face growing pressure due to the CO2 emissions redu... more Surface lignite mines of the Balkan Peninsula face growing pressure due to the CO2 emissions reduction initiatives, rapidly increasing renewable-power capacity, and cheap natural gas. In this frame, the development of a modern mine land rehabilitation strategy is considered as a prerequisite for mitigating the social and economic impacts for the local communities. In the case of western Macedonia lignite mines, these prospects are investigated based on a PEST (political, economic, social, technological) analysis of seven alternative land uses. Urban (industrial) development, green houses, and industrial heritage parks are considered as the most appropriate land uses for mitigating the socioeconomic impacts due to the loss of employments. For the land uses occupying large areas (i.e., agriculture, forestry, livestock farming, and photovoltaic parks), an optimisation algorithm is proposed for determining the mix of land uses that maximise revenue, equity, and natural conservation and ...
International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
11 Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform chemicals. I... more 11 Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform chemicals. It can be 12 synthesized from biomass carbohydrates mainly glucose and fructose via dehydration under acidic conditions. The 13 reaction may be performed either in water, ionic liquids or organic solvents, in particular polar aprotic solvents. In 14 this work the process modelling of a two-step synthesis of HMF from biomass is presented. Starting from 15 hemicellulose-free biomass, the first step includes the hydrolysis of cellulose towards glucose in the presence of 16 H2SO4 as catalyst, while in a second step glucose is dehydrated to HMF with the aid of Sn20/Al2O3 catalyst. 17 Hydrolysis is performed in aqueous medium, while dehydration of glucose is taking place in a DMSO/H2O mixture. 18 Overall production of HMF is modelled via the chemical process optimization software, ASPEN PlusTM. The 19 optimized process is scaled up at an industrial scale where the heat integration and mass and ...
The aim of this study is to examine the e ectiveness of low temperature alkaline hydrothermal tre... more The aim of this study is to examine the e ectiveness of low temperature alkaline hydrothermal treatment methods of Greek lignite y ashes for the synthesis of speci c zeolites suitable for environmental and agricultural applications. Relatively high silica y ash samples from Meliti and Megalopoli Electric Power Stations, were tested as raw materials that underwent alkaline hydrothermal treatments by NaOH and KOH solutions, at about 100C, with a constant ratio of raw material/alkaline solution 100gr/L. The applied techniques mainly aimed at the dissolution of Al-Si bearing phases of the y ash and the subsequent precipitation of the zeolitic minerals. Both the initial materials and the nal solid products were subjected to XRD and SEM study along with EPMA for the identi cation of their mineral phases. XRF was used for the determination of the materials' chemical changes after the thermal alkali digestion. Furthermore, the CEC values of the original and the treated materials were de...
The paper deals with the development of an online tool for slagging and fouling prediction inpulv... more The paper deals with the development of an online tool for slagging and fouling prediction inpulverized coal boilers. The frame of the research work is the EU funded ?Clean Selective?Project which aims on the local prediction of deposition in order to identify regions of severeslagging and fouling. Based on this information cleaning mechanisms can be undertaken toimprove the power plant performance. The demonstration power plant is the Teruel powerstation in Spain; boiler CFD calculations are carried out for various coals and load conditions,coupled with an ash deposition post-process in order to identify critical regions for ashdeposition and slagging. The online sensor is based on novel measurement techniques, suchas strain gauge and heat flux sensors. Moreover in the radiative part of the boiler a neuralnetwork model was adapted to the current operation conditions for the control of sootblowers. All in all these measures will contribute to an intelligent boiler cleaning strategy,...
Abstract5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform che... more Abstract5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is one of the most promising biomass derived platform chemicals. It can be synthesized from biomass carbohydrates, mainly glucose and fructose, via dehydration under acidic conditions. The reaction may be performed either in water, ionic liquids or organic solvents, in particular polar aprotic solvents. In this work, the process modelling of a two-step synthesis of 5-HMF from biomass is presented. Starting from hemicellulose-free biomass, the first step includes the hydrolysis of cellulose towards glucose in the presence of H2SO4 as catalyst, while in a second step glucose is dehydrated to 5-HMF with the aid of Sn20/γ-Αl2O3 catalyst. Hydrolysis is performed in aqueous medium, while dehydration of glucose is taking place in a DMSO/H2O mixture. The overall production of 5-HMF is modelled via the chemical process optimization software ASPEN PLUS™. The optimized process is scaled up at an industrial scale where the heat integration, mass and energy balance calculations are performed.
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
Geological storage of CO2 in geological structures in the subsurface can mitigate global warming.... more Geological storage of CO2 in geological structures in the subsurface can mitigate global warming. A safe storage of CO2 can be ensured through the development of comprehensive monitoring programs that prevent any possible leakage of CO2. This paper presents various monitoring strategies of CO2 subsurface movement in the Prinos reservoir, northern Greece, the results of a simulation of a CO2 leak through a well, and an environmental risk assessment study related to the leakage of CO2 or oil from the seafloor. After only 13.7 years, from the beginning of injection, the CO2 leak reaches the seabed in the form of gas. For the assessment we set up a model, using ArcGIS software, based on the use of data regarding the speeds of the winds and currents encountered in the region. Assumptions were also made related to the flow rate of CO2. Modeling results show that it only takes a period of 10 days from the start of oil leakage until the “Natura” protected areas start to be affected. CO2 lea...
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
Sandstone of the Pentalofos formation from the Mesohellenic Trough was examined as a potential re... more Sandstone of the Pentalofos formation from the Mesohellenic Trough was examined as a potential reservoir for CO2 sequestration. Experiments were carried out into batch reactors for 6 months by mixing a simplified porewater solution saturated with CO2 (150 bar, 70oC) with crushed sandstone. The sandstone is mainly composed of carbonates, feldspars and quartz, and secondly of clays and phyllosilicates. Chemical analysis of aqueous samples showed an increase in the concentration of dissolved ions as the experiment progressed. Geochemical kinetic models that were constructed using the PHREEQC geochemical code showed that the fluid chemistry is controlled by carbonate and feldspar dissolution, clay and quartz precipitation and cation exchange reactions. The proposed models were also used to estimate the future changes in mineralogy of the sandstone in order to evaluate its suitability as a CO2 reservoir.
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2013
The sustainable and environmentally friendly energy production has been a major issue of the worl... more The sustainable and environmentally friendly energy production has been a major issue of the world energy sector in recent years. Coal is a major fossil fuel that provides approximately 25% of the total energy demand worldwide; coal reserves still remain significant, although in several cases its exploitation trends to be economically marginal. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) has been identified as a technology which can bridge the gap between energy production and environmental and financial sustainability. Several UCG trials have taken place, although, there are still questions relative to their safety, performance and applicability. To that direction, modelling can prove to be a very effective and practical tool for the prediction of the project performance and the reduction of the risk involved. UCG is a complex process which incorporates mechanical and chemical processes thus modelling is complex since it demands coupling the aforementioned processes. The current study aims...
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2016
The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials... more The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of natural and synthetic zeolitic materials as potential amendments for the rehabilitation of mine degraded areas. Two types of natural zeolite tuffs, clinoptilolite-and mordenite-rich originating from Samos Island, Greece, were used as low cost modifiers. In addition, the synthetic zeolite Na-P1, produced from lignite fly ash of the Meliti Lignite fired Power Station (Florina, Greece), was used. Fly ash was converted into synthetic zeolite via a low temperature alkaline hydrothermal treatment. In order to evaluate the aquatic solubility and potential bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils of the mining area of Lavrion, specific soil amendments were used in leaching experiments. The Na-P1zeolite proved to be the most effective among the tested amendments for in situ de-contamination of mining soils. Comparing the two natural zeolites used, the mordenite-rich tuff exhibited better results than the clinoptilolite-ric...
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