Introduction: The probe placement site for an electric pulp tester. (EPT) will have a significan... more Introduction: The probe placement site for an electric pulp tester. (EPT) will have a significant outcome for the threshold readings. These relationships in previous studies have been documented. As dental flourosis is an endemic in regions of Pakistan the aim of this study was to compare and determine the appropriate EPT probe placement sites on fluorotic and non flourotic teeth. Methodology: In this cross-sectional clinical study equal number of flourotic and non flourotic maxillary central incisors(40 volunteers) were selected from a known region of Pakistan for endemic of flourosis to measure threshold levels on EPT on four different parts of each tooth. (Incisal edge, incisal third, middle third and cervical third). Before the readings were taken flourotic teeth were also categorized on the bases of severity (Deans Index).The purpose was to assess if severity of dental flourosis had an impact on the EPT readings. Once the mean values were taken the Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc t...
American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice
Purpose: Globally the overuse of systemic antibiotics is now a serious concern for the health pro... more Purpose: Globally the overuse of systemic antibiotics is now a serious concern for the health professionals. The increase in antimicrobial resistant bacteria because of this practice has made treatment of infections ever more difficult. In providing endodontic treatment it has been found that many dentists are either misusing or overusing systemic antibiotics. The objective of this study was to assess the antibiotic prescribing trends of dentists in a region of Pakistan and if any association could be made of such practices with the experience of the dentist. Methodology: This cross sectional study was based on an on line questionnaire. A total of 150 invitation were sent by emails and social media groups like ’Whattsapp’. This estimation of respondents was made by calculating the total fresh graduates and clinical dental faculty of the three dental institute of the region. The online survey was designed on the checklist based on Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-surveys...
The production of lithium (Li) increased by 256% in recent years due to unprecedented demands fro... more The production of lithium (Li) increased by 256% in recent years due to unprecedented demands from technological industries. Intensive harvesting poses serious impacts on the sustainability of Li production. Herein, we address the global Li cycle and predict the peak production to reach 740000 million tons in 2041. Global Li accumulation in water bodies is mapped, and the consequences on human health of a wide range (<0.06–>20 mg L−1) of Li concentrations in drinking water are explored. The implications to human health of Li exposure remains unresolved and needs further investigation. There are still no recommendations on safe limits of Li in drinking water for humankind. In conclusion, there is an emergency call to health governing bodies, environmental protection agencies and scientific communities for urgent efforts on sustainable production of Li and identify their thresholds levels in drinking water to minimize the emerging consequences of Li on humans.
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that remains... more Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that remains underutilized compared to functional stress testing (ST) for investigating coronary artery disease (CAD). Several patients are misdiagnosed with noncardiac chest pain (CP) that eventually die from a cardiovascular event in subsequent years. We compared CCTA to ST to investigate CP.
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) following aortic valve replacement is associated with poor p... more Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) following aortic valve replacement is associated with poor prognosis. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a novel strategy with a percutaneous approach and early recovery time. We conducted this meta-analysis to compare TAVR to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and their respective renal outcomes. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Google Scholar databases from their inception till April 6, 2019, and included eight trials comparing TAVR to SAVR in cases that reported AKIs.
Introduction: The probe placement site for an electric pulp tester. (EPT) will have a significan... more Introduction: The probe placement site for an electric pulp tester. (EPT) will have a significant outcome for the threshold readings. These relationships in previous studies have been documented. As dental flourosis is an endemic in regions of Pakistan the aim of this study was to compare and determine the appropriate EPT probe placement sites on fluorotic and non flourotic teeth. Methodology: In this cross-sectional clinical study equal number of flourotic and non flourotic maxillary central incisors(40 volunteers) were selected from a known region of Pakistan for endemic of flourosis to measure threshold levels on EPT on four different parts of each tooth. (Incisal edge, incisal third, middle third and cervical third). Before the readings were taken flourotic teeth were also categorized on the bases of severity (Deans Index).The purpose was to assess if severity of dental flourosis had an impact on the EPT readings. Once the mean values were taken the Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc t...
American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice
Purpose: Globally the overuse of systemic antibiotics is now a serious concern for the health pro... more Purpose: Globally the overuse of systemic antibiotics is now a serious concern for the health professionals. The increase in antimicrobial resistant bacteria because of this practice has made treatment of infections ever more difficult. In providing endodontic treatment it has been found that many dentists are either misusing or overusing systemic antibiotics. The objective of this study was to assess the antibiotic prescribing trends of dentists in a region of Pakistan and if any association could be made of such practices with the experience of the dentist. Methodology: This cross sectional study was based on an on line questionnaire. A total of 150 invitation were sent by emails and social media groups like ’Whattsapp’. This estimation of respondents was made by calculating the total fresh graduates and clinical dental faculty of the three dental institute of the region. The online survey was designed on the checklist based on Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-surveys...
The production of lithium (Li) increased by 256% in recent years due to unprecedented demands fro... more The production of lithium (Li) increased by 256% in recent years due to unprecedented demands from technological industries. Intensive harvesting poses serious impacts on the sustainability of Li production. Herein, we address the global Li cycle and predict the peak production to reach 740000 million tons in 2041. Global Li accumulation in water bodies is mapped, and the consequences on human health of a wide range (<0.06–>20 mg L−1) of Li concentrations in drinking water are explored. The implications to human health of Li exposure remains unresolved and needs further investigation. There are still no recommendations on safe limits of Li in drinking water for humankind. In conclusion, there is an emergency call to health governing bodies, environmental protection agencies and scientific communities for urgent efforts on sustainable production of Li and identify their thresholds levels in drinking water to minimize the emerging consequences of Li on humans.
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that remains... more Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that remains underutilized compared to functional stress testing (ST) for investigating coronary artery disease (CAD). Several patients are misdiagnosed with noncardiac chest pain (CP) that eventually die from a cardiovascular event in subsequent years. We compared CCTA to ST to investigate CP.
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) following aortic valve replacement is associated with poor p... more Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) following aortic valve replacement is associated with poor prognosis. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a novel strategy with a percutaneous approach and early recovery time. We conducted this meta-analysis to compare TAVR to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and their respective renal outcomes. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Google Scholar databases from their inception till April 6, 2019, and included eight trials comparing TAVR to SAVR in cases that reported AKIs.
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Papers by Muhammad Zain