Four new species of Eryngium L. are described and illustrated from the central Andean valleys of ... more Four new species of Eryngium L. are described and illustrated from the central Andean valleys of Bolivia: Eryngium beckii M. Mendoza, Eryngium bolivianum M. Mendoza, Eryngium neei M. Mendoza and Eryngium woodii M. Mendoza. Information on the ecology and distribution of each species is given, and the differences with related species are discussed.
Studies in herbaria and intensive field work focused on modern taxonomic approaches and phylogeny... more Studies in herbaria and intensive field work focused on modern taxonomic approaches and phylogeny of the genus Manihot in the Brazilian cerrado enabled the discovery of five new species occurring in cerrado areas from Brazlândia (Distrito Federal) and Padre Bernardo, Água Fria de Goiás, São João D'Aliança and Niquelândia (Goiás). Manihot brasiliana, M. congesta, M. incisa, M. pinatiloba and M. porphyrantha are here described and illustrated. Morphological characteristics of these new taxa, relationships with closely related species, as well as comments on ecological aspects and natural distribution for each species, are provided.
The genus Manihot, with around 120 known species, is native to a wide range of habitats and regio... more The genus Manihot, with around 120 known species, is native to a wide range of habitats and regions in the tropical and subtropical Americas. Its high species richness and recent diversification only ~6Mya have significantly complicated previous phylogenetic analyses. Several basic elements of Manihot evolutionary history therefore remain unresolved. Here, we conduct a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Manihot, focusing on exhaustive sampling of South American taxa. We find that two recently described species from northeast Brazil's Atlantic forest were the earliest to diverge, strongly suggesting a South American common ancestor of Manihot. Ancestral state reconstruction indicates early Manihot diversification in dry forests, with numerous independent episodes of new habitat colonization including into savannas and rainforests within South America. We identify the closest wild relatives to M. esculenta including the crop cassava, and we quantify extensive wild introgression into the cassava gene pool from at least five wild species including M. glaziovii, a species used widely in breeding programs. Finally, we show that this wild-to-crop introgression substantially shapes the mutation load in cassava. Our findings provide a detailed case study for neotropical evolutionary history in a diverse and widespread group, and a robust phylogenomic framework for future Manihot and cassava research.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020
This study investigated the correlations between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ... more This study investigated the correlations between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and immune activation levels in chronic patients under fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We quantified the HIV-1 proviral DNA and 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circle loads from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the levels of CD38 + and Ki-67 + T-cells, and the levels of interleukin 7 (IL-7) in a cohort of patients with more than 5 years of ART at enrollment and after 1 year. Results: Among 29 participants with a median of 8 years (inter-quartile range, 6.9-9.4) under suppressive ART, we found higher levels of CD8 + CD38 + T-cells after 1 year (P = .000). We determined weak and statistically non-significant correlations between the levels of immune activation and the proviral DNA loads in CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells. Ki-67 + T-cells declined but not significantly and there was no significant correlation with the proportion of CD38 +. Plasmatic IL-7 did not consistently correlated with the CD38 + and Ki-67 + T-cells. Conclusions: We found weak but statistically non-significant correlations between the levels of T-cell activation and the proviral DNA and 2-LTR circle loads. These results suggest that mechanisms other than viral replication drive chronic versus early immune activation in the long term.
Background The main cause of the persistently high levels of immune activation in HIV positive pa... more Background The main cause of the persistently high levels of immune activation in HIV positive patients undergoing suppressive chronic cART is still unknown. Previous ndings have suggested a link between ongoing residual viral replication originating from the HIV reservoir and the immune activation levels. However, there is no clear evidence of this assumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the reservoir and the levels of immune activation in chronic patients under fully suppressive cART. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal study in a cohort of HIV positive patients undergoing cART for more than 5 years without any documented blips. We quanti ed the HIV proviral DNA and the 2-LTR circles loads from PBMCs, the levels of immune activation and proliferation markers of T-cells (CD38+, Ki-67+), and the levels of plasmatic IL-7 at enrollment and 1-year of follow-up. Correlation analysis and group comparison were performed. Results 29 participants with a median of 8 years (IQR, 6.9-9.4) under suppressive cART were enrolled and successfully followed at 1 year. In this cohort, we found higher levels of CD8+ T-cell activation (CD38+) after 1-year (P = .000). There was a very weak correlation between the levels of immune activation and the proviral DNA of CD4+ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell. The levels of Ki-67+ T-cells declined on time without
Resumo Estudos em herbários e intenso trabalho de campo voltados para abordagens taxonômicas atua... more Resumo Estudos em herbários e intenso trabalho de campo voltados para abordagens taxonômicas atuais e filogenia do gênero Manihot no cerrado brasileiro possibilitaram a descoberta de cinco novas espécies ocorrentes em áreas de cerrado de Brazlândia (Distrito Federal), Padre Bernardo, Água Fria, São João D’Aliança e Niquelândia (Goiás). Manihot brasiliana, M. congesta, M. incisa, M. pinatiloba e M. porphyrantha são descritas e ilustradas. Características morfológicas dos novos táxones, suas relações com espécies mais estreitamente relacionadas, como também comentários sobre aspectos ecológicos e de distribuição natural para cada espécie, são fornecidos.
Three species of Manihot Mill. from Brazil, M. decurrens M. Mend. & M. Martins, M. pandurata M. M... more Three species of Manihot Mill. from Brazil, M. decurrens M. Mend. & M. Martins, M. pandurata M. Mend. & M. Martins, and M. sagittata M. Mend. & M. Martins, are described and illustrated as new based on qualitative morphological characters observed from herbarium material, complemented with in situ observations of M. sagittata. Morphological characteristics of the new taxa, as well as morphological comparisons with closely related species and comments on natural distribution and ecological aspects, are provided.
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a key component of the world's biota since they have the potential ... more Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a key component of the world's biota since they have the potential to contribute traits for crop improvement. The rich flora of the Brazilian Cerrado harbours a large number of CWR, but little is known about their distribution and conservation status. This study focused on the conservation of cassava (Manihot) wild relatives in the Cerrado. To accomplish this, we performed herbarium and field surveys to assess species conservation status based on geographic distribution, population density estimates, and rates of habitat loss. We found 75 species of Manihot occurring in the Cerrado, including 59 endemics. Among the endemic taxa, 24 are at some level of threat according to IUCN classification (14% Vulnerable, 22% Endangered, 5% Critically endangered), mostly owing to narrow geographic range and habitat loss. Most species are locally abundant, ranging from 55 to 1493 mature individuals per hectare. A quarter of the species recorded have been described over the past 5 years, indicating that the diversity of Manihot in the Cerrado is still underestimated. Areas of high species richness and endemism coincided mostly with Cerrado highlands, particularly in northern Goiás state. Field surveys in 16 reserves indicate that 54% of Cerrado endemics are not represented in these protected areas. We believe that the patterns of distribution and conservation status uncovered here for Manihot are representative of many plant groups that are particularly diverse in high-altitude areas in the Cerrado. This calls for expansion of the network of protected areas to cover a wider range of environments, particularly those with a concentration of rare and endemic species, to ensure the effective in situ conservation of CWR present in the Cerrado flora. Keywords Cerrado • Crop wild relatives • Endemism • Flora • IUCN red list criteria • Manihot Communicated by Guarino Rinaldi Colli.
El analisis economico financiero de la empresa es la informacion que nos permite conocer la situa... more El analisis economico financiero de la empresa es la informacion que nos permite conocer la situacion real durante el periodo de tiempo dado, pero ademas constituye la base para realizar el proceso de planeacion financiera que tiene como objetivo tomar las decisiones necesarias con el proposito de disminuir en lo posible, las debilidades y deficiencias que presenta la empresa en el periodo analizado.
Los sistemas de información geográficos constituyen una importante herramienta en el estudio y la... more Los sistemas de información geográficos constituyen una importante herramienta en el estudio y la vigilancia epidemiológica, ya que integran la información médica, con datos geográficos, variables ambientales, socioeconómicas, entre otras; lo que permite la detección temprana de brotes de epidemias y la toma de decisiones en un contexto geográfico.Objetivo: Desarrollar e Implementar una API de Google, que georeferenciar a pacientes con enfermedad glomerular, a través del enlace de Google Maps con la información contenida en NEFRORED.Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó el registro de pacientes con enfermedad glomerular concentrados en la herramienta informática NEFRORED. Se generó un código en lenguaje PHP, que calcula y almacena la longitud y la latitud de la ubicación (dirección residencia) de los pacientes. Se incorporó a la línea de código de la API de Google Maps una sentencia que calcula el tamaño de la pantalla que se emplea para la visualización. Se modificó la línea de comandos para que genere un archivo. XML, con la información a georeferenciar (Nombre, sexo, dirección del paciente y las coordenadas geográficas).Resultados: Se crearon unas líneas de comando en lenguaje PHP, que permiten generara en tiempo real un mapa con la ubicación espacial de todos los pacientes con enfermedad glomerular concentrados en la herramienta informática NEFRORED, a través de Google Map y empleando para ello la dirección de domicilio reportada por cada uno de los pacientes. Igualmente se logró identificar a los pacientes empleando para ello la característica sexo, con la posibilidad de ampliarlo a otras variables de interés. Conclusión: Google maps es apropiado para georeferenciar con alto grado de exactitud a pacientes con enfermedad glomerular, empleando imágenes de alta calidad.La herramienta Google maps permite generar de forma automática, mapas actualizados de la distribución y ubicación de pacientes con enfermedad glomerular
Four new species of Eryngium L. are described and illustrated from the central Andean valleys of ... more Four new species of Eryngium L. are described and illustrated from the central Andean valleys of Bolivia: Eryngium beckii M. Mendoza, Eryngium bolivianum M. Mendoza, Eryngium neei M. Mendoza and Eryngium woodii M. Mendoza. Information on the ecology and distribution of each species is given, and the differences with related species are discussed.
Studies in herbaria and intensive field work focused on modern taxonomic approaches and phylogeny... more Studies in herbaria and intensive field work focused on modern taxonomic approaches and phylogeny of the genus Manihot in the Brazilian cerrado enabled the discovery of five new species occurring in cerrado areas from Brazlândia (Distrito Federal) and Padre Bernardo, Água Fria de Goiás, São João D'Aliança and Niquelândia (Goiás). Manihot brasiliana, M. congesta, M. incisa, M. pinatiloba and M. porphyrantha are here described and illustrated. Morphological characteristics of these new taxa, relationships with closely related species, as well as comments on ecological aspects and natural distribution for each species, are provided.
The genus Manihot, with around 120 known species, is native to a wide range of habitats and regio... more The genus Manihot, with around 120 known species, is native to a wide range of habitats and regions in the tropical and subtropical Americas. Its high species richness and recent diversification only ~6Mya have significantly complicated previous phylogenetic analyses. Several basic elements of Manihot evolutionary history therefore remain unresolved. Here, we conduct a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Manihot, focusing on exhaustive sampling of South American taxa. We find that two recently described species from northeast Brazil's Atlantic forest were the earliest to diverge, strongly suggesting a South American common ancestor of Manihot. Ancestral state reconstruction indicates early Manihot diversification in dry forests, with numerous independent episodes of new habitat colonization including into savannas and rainforests within South America. We identify the closest wild relatives to M. esculenta including the crop cassava, and we quantify extensive wild introgression into the cassava gene pool from at least five wild species including M. glaziovii, a species used widely in breeding programs. Finally, we show that this wild-to-crop introgression substantially shapes the mutation load in cassava. Our findings provide a detailed case study for neotropical evolutionary history in a diverse and widespread group, and a robust phylogenomic framework for future Manihot and cassava research.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020
This study investigated the correlations between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ... more This study investigated the correlations between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and immune activation levels in chronic patients under fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We quantified the HIV-1 proviral DNA and 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circle loads from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the levels of CD38 + and Ki-67 + T-cells, and the levels of interleukin 7 (IL-7) in a cohort of patients with more than 5 years of ART at enrollment and after 1 year. Results: Among 29 participants with a median of 8 years (inter-quartile range, 6.9-9.4) under suppressive ART, we found higher levels of CD8 + CD38 + T-cells after 1 year (P = .000). We determined weak and statistically non-significant correlations between the levels of immune activation and the proviral DNA loads in CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells. Ki-67 + T-cells declined but not significantly and there was no significant correlation with the proportion of CD38 +. Plasmatic IL-7 did not consistently correlated with the CD38 + and Ki-67 + T-cells. Conclusions: We found weak but statistically non-significant correlations between the levels of T-cell activation and the proviral DNA and 2-LTR circle loads. These results suggest that mechanisms other than viral replication drive chronic versus early immune activation in the long term.
Background The main cause of the persistently high levels of immune activation in HIV positive pa... more Background The main cause of the persistently high levels of immune activation in HIV positive patients undergoing suppressive chronic cART is still unknown. Previous ndings have suggested a link between ongoing residual viral replication originating from the HIV reservoir and the immune activation levels. However, there is no clear evidence of this assumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the reservoir and the levels of immune activation in chronic patients under fully suppressive cART. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal study in a cohort of HIV positive patients undergoing cART for more than 5 years without any documented blips. We quanti ed the HIV proviral DNA and the 2-LTR circles loads from PBMCs, the levels of immune activation and proliferation markers of T-cells (CD38+, Ki-67+), and the levels of plasmatic IL-7 at enrollment and 1-year of follow-up. Correlation analysis and group comparison were performed. Results 29 participants with a median of 8 years (IQR, 6.9-9.4) under suppressive cART were enrolled and successfully followed at 1 year. In this cohort, we found higher levels of CD8+ T-cell activation (CD38+) after 1-year (P = .000). There was a very weak correlation between the levels of immune activation and the proviral DNA of CD4+ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell. The levels of Ki-67+ T-cells declined on time without
Resumo Estudos em herbários e intenso trabalho de campo voltados para abordagens taxonômicas atua... more Resumo Estudos em herbários e intenso trabalho de campo voltados para abordagens taxonômicas atuais e filogenia do gênero Manihot no cerrado brasileiro possibilitaram a descoberta de cinco novas espécies ocorrentes em áreas de cerrado de Brazlândia (Distrito Federal), Padre Bernardo, Água Fria, São João D’Aliança e Niquelândia (Goiás). Manihot brasiliana, M. congesta, M. incisa, M. pinatiloba e M. porphyrantha são descritas e ilustradas. Características morfológicas dos novos táxones, suas relações com espécies mais estreitamente relacionadas, como também comentários sobre aspectos ecológicos e de distribuição natural para cada espécie, são fornecidos.
Three species of Manihot Mill. from Brazil, M. decurrens M. Mend. & M. Martins, M. pandurata M. M... more Three species of Manihot Mill. from Brazil, M. decurrens M. Mend. & M. Martins, M. pandurata M. Mend. & M. Martins, and M. sagittata M. Mend. & M. Martins, are described and illustrated as new based on qualitative morphological characters observed from herbarium material, complemented with in situ observations of M. sagittata. Morphological characteristics of the new taxa, as well as morphological comparisons with closely related species and comments on natural distribution and ecological aspects, are provided.
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a key component of the world's biota since they have the potential ... more Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a key component of the world's biota since they have the potential to contribute traits for crop improvement. The rich flora of the Brazilian Cerrado harbours a large number of CWR, but little is known about their distribution and conservation status. This study focused on the conservation of cassava (Manihot) wild relatives in the Cerrado. To accomplish this, we performed herbarium and field surveys to assess species conservation status based on geographic distribution, population density estimates, and rates of habitat loss. We found 75 species of Manihot occurring in the Cerrado, including 59 endemics. Among the endemic taxa, 24 are at some level of threat according to IUCN classification (14% Vulnerable, 22% Endangered, 5% Critically endangered), mostly owing to narrow geographic range and habitat loss. Most species are locally abundant, ranging from 55 to 1493 mature individuals per hectare. A quarter of the species recorded have been described over the past 5 years, indicating that the diversity of Manihot in the Cerrado is still underestimated. Areas of high species richness and endemism coincided mostly with Cerrado highlands, particularly in northern Goiás state. Field surveys in 16 reserves indicate that 54% of Cerrado endemics are not represented in these protected areas. We believe that the patterns of distribution and conservation status uncovered here for Manihot are representative of many plant groups that are particularly diverse in high-altitude areas in the Cerrado. This calls for expansion of the network of protected areas to cover a wider range of environments, particularly those with a concentration of rare and endemic species, to ensure the effective in situ conservation of CWR present in the Cerrado flora. Keywords Cerrado • Crop wild relatives • Endemism • Flora • IUCN red list criteria • Manihot Communicated by Guarino Rinaldi Colli.
El analisis economico financiero de la empresa es la informacion que nos permite conocer la situa... more El analisis economico financiero de la empresa es la informacion que nos permite conocer la situacion real durante el periodo de tiempo dado, pero ademas constituye la base para realizar el proceso de planeacion financiera que tiene como objetivo tomar las decisiones necesarias con el proposito de disminuir en lo posible, las debilidades y deficiencias que presenta la empresa en el periodo analizado.
Los sistemas de información geográficos constituyen una importante herramienta en el estudio y la... more Los sistemas de información geográficos constituyen una importante herramienta en el estudio y la vigilancia epidemiológica, ya que integran la información médica, con datos geográficos, variables ambientales, socioeconómicas, entre otras; lo que permite la detección temprana de brotes de epidemias y la toma de decisiones en un contexto geográfico.Objetivo: Desarrollar e Implementar una API de Google, que georeferenciar a pacientes con enfermedad glomerular, a través del enlace de Google Maps con la información contenida en NEFRORED.Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó el registro de pacientes con enfermedad glomerular concentrados en la herramienta informática NEFRORED. Se generó un código en lenguaje PHP, que calcula y almacena la longitud y la latitud de la ubicación (dirección residencia) de los pacientes. Se incorporó a la línea de código de la API de Google Maps una sentencia que calcula el tamaño de la pantalla que se emplea para la visualización. Se modificó la línea de comandos para que genere un archivo. XML, con la información a georeferenciar (Nombre, sexo, dirección del paciente y las coordenadas geográficas).Resultados: Se crearon unas líneas de comando en lenguaje PHP, que permiten generara en tiempo real un mapa con la ubicación espacial de todos los pacientes con enfermedad glomerular concentrados en la herramienta informática NEFRORED, a través de Google Map y empleando para ello la dirección de domicilio reportada por cada uno de los pacientes. Igualmente se logró identificar a los pacientes empleando para ello la característica sexo, con la posibilidad de ampliarlo a otras variables de interés. Conclusión: Google maps es apropiado para georeferenciar con alto grado de exactitud a pacientes con enfermedad glomerular, empleando imágenes de alta calidad.La herramienta Google maps permite generar de forma automática, mapas actualizados de la distribución y ubicación de pacientes con enfermedad glomerular
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