Papers by Mohd Shafiq Kassim
CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT SECONDARY FUNGI ISOLATED FROM HEART ROT Acacia mangium Willd.
Nine t... more CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT SECONDARY FUNGI ISOLATED FROM HEART ROT Acacia mangium Willd.
Nine types of fungus were isolated from heart rot of Acacia mangium sampled from SAFODA, Kinarut, Sabah. These fungus were characterized according to macro~ and micro~scopic and coded as MSK-SP1, MSK-SP2,MSK-SP3,MSK-SP4,MSK-SP5,MSK-SP6,MSK-SP7,MSK-SP8,dan MSK-SP9. Fungi isolate MSK-SP1 was the fastest growth which is took only 6 days to grow, fungi isolate MSK-SP8 was the second fastest which is 10 days to fulfill the Petri dish, 11 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP2 and MSK-SP7, 12 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP6 and fungi isolate MSK-SP9, 14 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP3, and more than 14 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP4 and MSK-SP5. Macros~ and micro~scopic classification of those fungi shown that its respectively in the genera of Basipetospora (MSK-SP1 and MSK-SP8), Sclerotium (MSK-SP2), Oidiodendron (MSK-SP3 and MSK-SP5),Cephalosporium (MSK-SP6), Aspergillus (MSK-SP7), and Botryoderma (MSK-SP9). Only one fungi isolate cannot be determined which is MSK-SP4 due to blur image of conidia under all magnification of light microscope. ANOVA for those nine species shows they are different types of fungus (P=0.000). This research showed that habitation of more than one fungi species that interact with each other living as a community on the heart rot of Acacia mangium.
Abstract
To check the ability to cause mortality on termites, 13 isolates of soil fungi were test... more Abstract
To check the ability to cause mortality on termites, 13 isolates of soil fungi were tested against 10 Subterranean Coptotermes curvignathus that colonized the stems of Acacia mangium stands in Sabah Softwood Berhad (SSB) and Sabah Forest Development Authority (SAFODA) plantations in Sabah, Malaysia. Termites were exposed to the soil fungi by permitting them moving about 5-10 minutes in the petri dish containing the soil fungi pure culture. All termites (100%) died 6-7 days after inoculated with fungi but the number of individuals that developed mycosis varied with different isolates. Trichosporonoides sp., Helicocephalum sp., Rhopalomyces sp., and MSK B caused 100% mortality in 3–4 days post inoculation, followed by Ovulariopsis sp., Gliocladium sp., Cladorrhinum sp., Geotrichum sp., Nodulosporium sp., Periconia sp., Aspergillus sp., MSK A. and Fumago sp. Non-inoculated (control) groups had 100% mortality after 8 days and they differ significantly (t=3.486; df=292; P=0.001) to those of treated (inoculated) groups. Soil fungi isolated from the two plantation sites showed equal (t=0.130; df=271; P=0.897) to caused mortality on the C. curvignathus; however within source analysis showed that fungal species is a factor on the dead of the termites tested [SSB (P=0.047) and SAFODA (P=0.011) ]. Rapid vibrations, sporulation of fungi on the cuticle of termites, dense mycelia, darkened of head and slightly on the body portion of the termites were observed. Bioassay on the pathogenicity of the soil fungi showed that there is potential of using the test isolates as biocontrol agent against C. curvignathus.
Keywords: Soil fungi, Coptotermes curvignathus, termites, mortality, mycosis.
Four isolates of soil fungi with different concentrations (1.0 x 106 conidia/ml, 1.0 x 107 conidi... more Four isolates of soil fungi with different concentrations (1.0 x 106 conidia/ml, 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml, and 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml) were tested on Subterranean termites, Coptotermes curvignathus that colonized the stems of Acacia mangium stands in Sabah Softwood Berhad (SSB) and Sabah Forest Development Authority (SAFODA) in Sabah, Malaysia. Determination of LT50 found that Trichosporonoides sp. and Helicocephalum sp. recorded the earliest LT50 which is at Day-3 for concentration of 1.0 x 106 conidia/ml. Rhopalomyces sp. was the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml which is at Day-2. Whilst, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. were the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml which is at Day-2. LC50 found that only Rhopalomyces sp. was capable of causing 50% death at 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml. Curve extrapolation for Helicocephalum sp., MSK B and Trichosporonoides sp. gave estimate for LC50 at concentration of 1.5 x 1011 conidia/ml, 6.3 x 1018 conidia/ml and 2.0 x 109 conidia/ml. All concentrations used (1.0 x 106, 1.0 x 107 and 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml) showed capability by fungi to caused mortality on C. curvignathus that differ significantly (t=4.508; df=270; P=0.000) between isolates and control. In this study, Trichosporonoides sp., Rhopalomyces sp., Helicocephalum sp. and MSK B have shown entomopathogenic against C. curvignathus. Further on, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. have the potential based on their LT50 and LC50 to be used as effective biological control against C. curvignathus.
Keywords: Soil fungi, Coptotermes curvignathus, LT50, LC50
ABSTRACT
Thirteen fungi consisting of Cladorrhinum sp., Trichosporonoides sp., Ovulariopsis sp.,... more ABSTRACT
Thirteen fungi consisting of Cladorrhinum sp., Trichosporonoides sp., Ovulariopsis sp., Gliocladium sp., Helicocephalum sp., Aspergillus sp., Geotrichum sp., Rhopalomyces sp., Nodulisporium sp., Periconia sp., and Fumago sp. and also isolates MSK A and MSK B, were isolated using the Warcup Soil Plate Method from samples of forest plantation soils in SSB, Tawau and SAFODA, Papar, Sabah. These isolates were examined for their effect on subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus which attack Acacia mangium trees (~ 9 %) in both plantations. Each isolate were differ in macroscopic and microscopic morphology as well as CFU growth rate (P=0.00) respectively. All termites (n=360) died within 6 - 7 days after inoculated with fungi but the number of individuals that developed mycosis varied with isolates. Such mortality differ significantly (t=3.486; df=292; P=0.001) to those of Controls (non-inoculated groups). Rhopalomyces sp., Geotrichum sp., Trichosporonoides sp., Nodulisporium and MSK B caused 100% mortality faster (3 - 4 d post inoculation), Helicocephalum sp., Cladorrhinum sp., Gliocladium sp., Ovulariopsis sp., Periconia sp., and MSK A until day 5, meanwhile Fumago sp. and Aspergillus sp. until day 7. In general, Fungi from the two plantations showed similarity in capability to caused mortality on C. curvignathus. However, within-site analysis revealed that fungal species is a factor in causing mortality (SSB, P=0.047 and SAFODA, P=0.011). Sporulation and mycelial presence on the cuticle of termites, and darkening of abdomen were also observed. Trichosporonoides sp. and Helicocephalum sp. recorded the earliest LT50 which is at Day-3 for concentration of 1.0 x 106 conidia/ml. Rhopalomyces sp. was the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml which was at Day-2. Whilst, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. were the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml, at Day-2. LC50 found that only Rhopalomyces sp. was capable of causing 50% death at 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml. Curve extrapolation for Helicocephalum sp., MSK B and Trichosporonoides sp. gave estimate for LC50 at concentration of 1.5 x 1011 conidia/ml, 6.3 x 1018 conidia/ml and 2.0 x 109 conidia/ml. All concentrations used (1.0 x 106, 1.0 x 107 and 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml) showed capability by fungi to caused mortality on C. curvignathus that differ significantly (t=4.508; df=270; P=0.000) between isolates and control. In this study, Trichosporonoides sp., Rhopalomyces sp., Helicocephalum sp. and MSK B have shown entomopathogenic against C. curvignathus. Further on, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. have the potential based on their LT50 and LC50 to be used as effective biological control against C. curvignathus.
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Papers by Mohd Shafiq Kassim
Nine types of fungus were isolated from heart rot of Acacia mangium sampled from SAFODA, Kinarut, Sabah. These fungus were characterized according to macro~ and micro~scopic and coded as MSK-SP1, MSK-SP2,MSK-SP3,MSK-SP4,MSK-SP5,MSK-SP6,MSK-SP7,MSK-SP8,dan MSK-SP9. Fungi isolate MSK-SP1 was the fastest growth which is took only 6 days to grow, fungi isolate MSK-SP8 was the second fastest which is 10 days to fulfill the Petri dish, 11 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP2 and MSK-SP7, 12 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP6 and fungi isolate MSK-SP9, 14 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP3, and more than 14 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP4 and MSK-SP5. Macros~ and micro~scopic classification of those fungi shown that its respectively in the genera of Basipetospora (MSK-SP1 and MSK-SP8), Sclerotium (MSK-SP2), Oidiodendron (MSK-SP3 and MSK-SP5),Cephalosporium (MSK-SP6), Aspergillus (MSK-SP7), and Botryoderma (MSK-SP9). Only one fungi isolate cannot be determined which is MSK-SP4 due to blur image of conidia under all magnification of light microscope. ANOVA for those nine species shows they are different types of fungus (P=0.000). This research showed that habitation of more than one fungi species that interact with each other living as a community on the heart rot of Acacia mangium.
To check the ability to cause mortality on termites, 13 isolates of soil fungi were tested against 10 Subterranean Coptotermes curvignathus that colonized the stems of Acacia mangium stands in Sabah Softwood Berhad (SSB) and Sabah Forest Development Authority (SAFODA) plantations in Sabah, Malaysia. Termites were exposed to the soil fungi by permitting them moving about 5-10 minutes in the petri dish containing the soil fungi pure culture. All termites (100%) died 6-7 days after inoculated with fungi but the number of individuals that developed mycosis varied with different isolates. Trichosporonoides sp., Helicocephalum sp., Rhopalomyces sp., and MSK B caused 100% mortality in 3–4 days post inoculation, followed by Ovulariopsis sp., Gliocladium sp., Cladorrhinum sp., Geotrichum sp., Nodulosporium sp., Periconia sp., Aspergillus sp., MSK A. and Fumago sp. Non-inoculated (control) groups had 100% mortality after 8 days and they differ significantly (t=3.486; df=292; P=0.001) to those of treated (inoculated) groups. Soil fungi isolated from the two plantation sites showed equal (t=0.130; df=271; P=0.897) to caused mortality on the C. curvignathus; however within source analysis showed that fungal species is a factor on the dead of the termites tested [SSB (P=0.047) and SAFODA (P=0.011) ]. Rapid vibrations, sporulation of fungi on the cuticle of termites, dense mycelia, darkened of head and slightly on the body portion of the termites were observed. Bioassay on the pathogenicity of the soil fungi showed that there is potential of using the test isolates as biocontrol agent against C. curvignathus.
Keywords: Soil fungi, Coptotermes curvignathus, termites, mortality, mycosis.
Keywords: Soil fungi, Coptotermes curvignathus, LT50, LC50
Thirteen fungi consisting of Cladorrhinum sp., Trichosporonoides sp., Ovulariopsis sp., Gliocladium sp., Helicocephalum sp., Aspergillus sp., Geotrichum sp., Rhopalomyces sp., Nodulisporium sp., Periconia sp., and Fumago sp. and also isolates MSK A and MSK B, were isolated using the Warcup Soil Plate Method from samples of forest plantation soils in SSB, Tawau and SAFODA, Papar, Sabah. These isolates were examined for their effect on subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus which attack Acacia mangium trees (~ 9 %) in both plantations. Each isolate were differ in macroscopic and microscopic morphology as well as CFU growth rate (P=0.00) respectively. All termites (n=360) died within 6 - 7 days after inoculated with fungi but the number of individuals that developed mycosis varied with isolates. Such mortality differ significantly (t=3.486; df=292; P=0.001) to those of Controls (non-inoculated groups). Rhopalomyces sp., Geotrichum sp., Trichosporonoides sp., Nodulisporium and MSK B caused 100% mortality faster (3 - 4 d post inoculation), Helicocephalum sp., Cladorrhinum sp., Gliocladium sp., Ovulariopsis sp., Periconia sp., and MSK A until day 5, meanwhile Fumago sp. and Aspergillus sp. until day 7. In general, Fungi from the two plantations showed similarity in capability to caused mortality on C. curvignathus. However, within-site analysis revealed that fungal species is a factor in causing mortality (SSB, P=0.047 and SAFODA, P=0.011). Sporulation and mycelial presence on the cuticle of termites, and darkening of abdomen were also observed. Trichosporonoides sp. and Helicocephalum sp. recorded the earliest LT50 which is at Day-3 for concentration of 1.0 x 106 conidia/ml. Rhopalomyces sp. was the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml which was at Day-2. Whilst, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. were the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml, at Day-2. LC50 found that only Rhopalomyces sp. was capable of causing 50% death at 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml. Curve extrapolation for Helicocephalum sp., MSK B and Trichosporonoides sp. gave estimate for LC50 at concentration of 1.5 x 1011 conidia/ml, 6.3 x 1018 conidia/ml and 2.0 x 109 conidia/ml. All concentrations used (1.0 x 106, 1.0 x 107 and 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml) showed capability by fungi to caused mortality on C. curvignathus that differ significantly (t=4.508; df=270; P=0.000) between isolates and control. In this study, Trichosporonoides sp., Rhopalomyces sp., Helicocephalum sp. and MSK B have shown entomopathogenic against C. curvignathus. Further on, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. have the potential based on their LT50 and LC50 to be used as effective biological control against C. curvignathus.
Nine types of fungus were isolated from heart rot of Acacia mangium sampled from SAFODA, Kinarut, Sabah. These fungus were characterized according to macro~ and micro~scopic and coded as MSK-SP1, MSK-SP2,MSK-SP3,MSK-SP4,MSK-SP5,MSK-SP6,MSK-SP7,MSK-SP8,dan MSK-SP9. Fungi isolate MSK-SP1 was the fastest growth which is took only 6 days to grow, fungi isolate MSK-SP8 was the second fastest which is 10 days to fulfill the Petri dish, 11 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP2 and MSK-SP7, 12 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP6 and fungi isolate MSK-SP9, 14 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP3, and more than 14 days for fungi isolate MSK-SP4 and MSK-SP5. Macros~ and micro~scopic classification of those fungi shown that its respectively in the genera of Basipetospora (MSK-SP1 and MSK-SP8), Sclerotium (MSK-SP2), Oidiodendron (MSK-SP3 and MSK-SP5),Cephalosporium (MSK-SP6), Aspergillus (MSK-SP7), and Botryoderma (MSK-SP9). Only one fungi isolate cannot be determined which is MSK-SP4 due to blur image of conidia under all magnification of light microscope. ANOVA for those nine species shows they are different types of fungus (P=0.000). This research showed that habitation of more than one fungi species that interact with each other living as a community on the heart rot of Acacia mangium.
To check the ability to cause mortality on termites, 13 isolates of soil fungi were tested against 10 Subterranean Coptotermes curvignathus that colonized the stems of Acacia mangium stands in Sabah Softwood Berhad (SSB) and Sabah Forest Development Authority (SAFODA) plantations in Sabah, Malaysia. Termites were exposed to the soil fungi by permitting them moving about 5-10 minutes in the petri dish containing the soil fungi pure culture. All termites (100%) died 6-7 days after inoculated with fungi but the number of individuals that developed mycosis varied with different isolates. Trichosporonoides sp., Helicocephalum sp., Rhopalomyces sp., and MSK B caused 100% mortality in 3–4 days post inoculation, followed by Ovulariopsis sp., Gliocladium sp., Cladorrhinum sp., Geotrichum sp., Nodulosporium sp., Periconia sp., Aspergillus sp., MSK A. and Fumago sp. Non-inoculated (control) groups had 100% mortality after 8 days and they differ significantly (t=3.486; df=292; P=0.001) to those of treated (inoculated) groups. Soil fungi isolated from the two plantation sites showed equal (t=0.130; df=271; P=0.897) to caused mortality on the C. curvignathus; however within source analysis showed that fungal species is a factor on the dead of the termites tested [SSB (P=0.047) and SAFODA (P=0.011) ]. Rapid vibrations, sporulation of fungi on the cuticle of termites, dense mycelia, darkened of head and slightly on the body portion of the termites were observed. Bioassay on the pathogenicity of the soil fungi showed that there is potential of using the test isolates as biocontrol agent against C. curvignathus.
Keywords: Soil fungi, Coptotermes curvignathus, termites, mortality, mycosis.
Keywords: Soil fungi, Coptotermes curvignathus, LT50, LC50
Thirteen fungi consisting of Cladorrhinum sp., Trichosporonoides sp., Ovulariopsis sp., Gliocladium sp., Helicocephalum sp., Aspergillus sp., Geotrichum sp., Rhopalomyces sp., Nodulisporium sp., Periconia sp., and Fumago sp. and also isolates MSK A and MSK B, were isolated using the Warcup Soil Plate Method from samples of forest plantation soils in SSB, Tawau and SAFODA, Papar, Sabah. These isolates were examined for their effect on subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus which attack Acacia mangium trees (~ 9 %) in both plantations. Each isolate were differ in macroscopic and microscopic morphology as well as CFU growth rate (P=0.00) respectively. All termites (n=360) died within 6 - 7 days after inoculated with fungi but the number of individuals that developed mycosis varied with isolates. Such mortality differ significantly (t=3.486; df=292; P=0.001) to those of Controls (non-inoculated groups). Rhopalomyces sp., Geotrichum sp., Trichosporonoides sp., Nodulisporium and MSK B caused 100% mortality faster (3 - 4 d post inoculation), Helicocephalum sp., Cladorrhinum sp., Gliocladium sp., Ovulariopsis sp., Periconia sp., and MSK A until day 5, meanwhile Fumago sp. and Aspergillus sp. until day 7. In general, Fungi from the two plantations showed similarity in capability to caused mortality on C. curvignathus. However, within-site analysis revealed that fungal species is a factor in causing mortality (SSB, P=0.047 and SAFODA, P=0.011). Sporulation and mycelial presence on the cuticle of termites, and darkening of abdomen were also observed. Trichosporonoides sp. and Helicocephalum sp. recorded the earliest LT50 which is at Day-3 for concentration of 1.0 x 106 conidia/ml. Rhopalomyces sp. was the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml which was at Day-2. Whilst, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. were the earliest for concentration of 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml, at Day-2. LC50 found that only Rhopalomyces sp. was capable of causing 50% death at 1.0 x 107 conidia/ml. Curve extrapolation for Helicocephalum sp., MSK B and Trichosporonoides sp. gave estimate for LC50 at concentration of 1.5 x 1011 conidia/ml, 6.3 x 1018 conidia/ml and 2.0 x 109 conidia/ml. All concentrations used (1.0 x 106, 1.0 x 107 and 1.0 x 108 conidia/ml) showed capability by fungi to caused mortality on C. curvignathus that differ significantly (t=4.508; df=270; P=0.000) between isolates and control. In this study, Trichosporonoides sp., Rhopalomyces sp., Helicocephalum sp. and MSK B have shown entomopathogenic against C. curvignathus. Further on, Trichosporonoides sp. and Rhopalomyces sp. have the potential based on their LT50 and LC50 to be used as effective biological control against C. curvignathus.