Papers by Michele Maughan
Forensic chemistry, Mar 1, 2024
Separations, Mar 15, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Frontiers in allergy, Mar 12, 2024
in 2013, this tool has gone largely unrecognized and under-utilized by canine scent detection pra... more in 2013, this tool has gone largely unrecognized and under-utilized by canine scent detection practitioners. The UDC is a chemical that enables reliability testing of biological and instrumental detectors. Training a biological detector, such as a scent detection canine, to respond to a safe, non-target, and uncommon compound has significant advantages. For example, if used prior to a search, the UDC provides the handler with the ability to confirm the detection dog is ready to work without placing target odor on site (i.e., a positive control), thereby increasing handler confidence in their canine and providing documentation of credibility that can withstand legal scrutiny. This review describes the UDC, summarizes its role in canine detection science, and addresses applications for UDC within scent detection canine development, training, and testing.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Aug 1, 2016
Nanopore sequencing, a novel genomics technology, has potential applications for routine biosurve... more Nanopore sequencing, a novel genomics technology, has potential applications for routine biosurveillance, clinical diagnosis, and outbreak investigation of virus infections. Using rapid sequencing of unamplified RNA/cDNA hybrids, we identified Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Ebola virus in 3 hours from sample receipt to data acquisition, demonstrating a fieldable technique for RNA virus characterization.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2008
Mycoplasma synoviae and Escherichia coli are two avian pathogens that exhibit 23 markedly differe... more Mycoplasma synoviae and Escherichia coli are two avian pathogens that exhibit 23 markedly different mechanisms for infection and pathogenicity and may be expected to 24
Virology Journal, Mar 23, 2013
Background: Wild waterfowl, including ducks, represent the classic reservoir for low pathogenicit... more Background: Wild waterfowl, including ducks, represent the classic reservoir for low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and play a major role in the worldwide dissemination of AIV. AIVs belonging to the hemagglutinin (H) 7 subtype are of epidemiological and economic importance due to their potential to mutate into a highly pathogenic form of the virus. Thus far, however, relatively little work has been conducted on elucidating the host-pathogen interactions of ducks and H7 LPAIVs. In the current study, three H7 LPAIVs isolated from either chicken, duck, or turkey avian species were evaluated for their comparative effect on the transcriptional innate immune response of ducks. Results: Three H7 LPAIV isolates, chicken-origin (A/chicken/Maryland/MinhMa/2004), duck-origin (A/pintail/Minnesota/ 423/1999), and turkey-origin (A/turkey/Virginia/SEP-67/2002) were used to infect Pekin ducks. At 3 days post-infection, RNA from spleen tissue was used for transcriptional analysis using the Avian Innate Immune Microarray (AIIM) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Microarray analysis revealed that a core set of 61 genes was differentially regulated in response to all three LPAIVs. Furthermore, we observed 101, 135, and 628 differentially expressed genes unique to infection with the chicken-, duck-, or turkey-origin LPAIV isolates, respectively. qRT-PCR results revealed significant (p<0.05) induction of IL-1β, IL-2, and IFNγ transcription, with the greatest induction observed upon infection with the chicken-origin isolate. Several key innate immune pathways were activated in response to LPAIV infection including the toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor pathways. Conclusions: Pekin ducks elicit a unique innate immune response to different species-of-origin H7 LPAIV isolates. However, twelve identifiable genes and their associated cell signaling pathways (RIG-I, NOD, TLR) are differentially expressed regardless of isolate origin. This core set of genes are critical to the duck immune response to AI. These data provide insight into the potential mechanisms employed by ducks to tolerate AI viral infection.
Forensic Science International, Jul 1, 2019
In 2017, 47,600 overdose deaths were reported to be associated with the abuse of opioids, includi... more In 2017, 47,600 overdose deaths were reported to be associated with the abuse of opioids, including prescription painkillers (e.g. oxycodone), opiates (e.g. heroin), or synthetic opioids (e.g. fentanyl) within the United States. The recent spike in the presence of synthetic opioids in lots of heroin distributed on the street present specific and significant challenges to law enforcement. Synthetic opioids are extremely toxic substances, which can easily be inhaled. This type of exposure can lead to accidental overdoses by law enforcement and other first responders answering calls involving illicit drugs containing these substances. Due to this extreme toxicity, it is important for these individuals to have tools that can be easily deployed for accurate presumptive field tests. Currently, there are only a limited number of presumptive tests available for fentanyl detection. In this study, we addressed this technology gap by evaluating newly developed lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) designed for the detection of fentanyl and its derivatives. These LFIs were evaluated for effectiveness in different biofluid matrices, following an in vivo exposure, cross-reactivity with fentanyl analogs, and in case samples. This study demonstrates that LFIs have the potential to be used by law enforcement for the detection of synthetic opioids.
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2007
Infectious microbes contain conserved molecular structures, or pathogen-associated molecular patt... more Infectious microbes contain conserved molecular structures, or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Fearon and Locksley, 1996; Medzhitov and Janeway, 1997, 2000). These structures are required for the growth and survival of the microbe and are distinct from any host antigens. Several well known examples include the lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria, the lipoteichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria, lipoproteins and peptidoglycans of all bacteria, the glycolipids of mycobacteria, the mannans found in yeast cell walls, double stranded RNA of RNA viruses, and the unmethylated CpG motifs found in bacterial DNA but not mammalian DNA (Fearon and Locksley, 1996; Medzhitov and Janeway, 1997; Medzhitov et al., 1997). The cells of the innate immune system utilize many receptors in the process of microbial recognition and internalization. These include Fc and complement receptors, integrins, lectins, mannose receptor, CD14, and the Toll-like receptors (TLR) (Daeron, 1997; Stossel, 1999; Underhill and Odinsky, 2002). The TLRs are a family of evolutionarily Abstract. A second-generation 4,959 element cDNA microarray has been created and evaluated for its potential use in examining the avian innate immune response. The elements in this array were obtained from EST libraries of stimulated avian PMNC-derived monocytes/macrophages and supplemented by genes of interest from several specific innate immune pathways. The elements are spotted in triplicate resulting in 14,877 total spots per slide. The avian innate immunity microarray (AIIM) contains 25 avian interleukin, chemokine, and cytokine elements. The array also contains elements for several innate immune pathways, in-Request reprints from
Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2023
While canines are most commonly trained to detect traditional explosives, such as nitroaromatics ... more While canines are most commonly trained to detect traditional explosives, such as nitroaromatics and smokeless powders, homemade explosives (HMEs), such as fuel–oxidizer mixtures, are arguably a greater threat. As such, it is imperative that canines are sufficiently trained in the detection of such HMEs. The training aid delivery device (TADD) is a primary containment device that has been used to house HMEs and HME components for canine detection training purposes. This research assesses the odor release from HME components, ammonium nitrate (AN), urea nitrate (UN), and potassium chlorate (PC), housed in TADDs. Canine odor recognition tests (ORTs) were used with analytical data to determine the detectability of TADDs containing AN, UN, or PC. Headspace analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) or online cryotrapping were used to measure ammonia or chlorine, as well as other unwanted odorants, emanating from bulk AN, UN, and PC i...
Frontiers in Medicine, Apr 4, 2022
Biomedical detection dogs offer incredible advantages during disease outbreaks that are presently... more Biomedical detection dogs offer incredible advantages during disease outbreaks that are presently unmatched by current technologies, however, dogs still face hurdles of implementation due to lack of intergovernmental cooperation and acceptance by the public health community. Here, we refine the definition of a biomedical detection dog, discuss the potential applications, capabilities, and limitations of biomedical detection dogs in disease outbreak scenarios, and the safety measures that must be considered before and during deployment. Finally, we provide recommendations on how to address and overcome the barriers to acceptance of biomedical detection dogs through a dedicated research and development investment in olfactory sciences.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016
Nanopore sequencing, a novel genomics technology, has potential applications for routine biosurve... more Nanopore sequencing, a novel genomics technology, has potential applications for routine biosurveillance, clinical diagnosis, and outbreak investigation of virus infections. Using rapid sequencing of unamplified RNA/cDNA hybrids, we identified Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Ebola virus in 3 hours from sample receipt to data acquisition, demonstrating a fieldable technique for RNA virus characterization.
Acta Haematologica, 2007
Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.... more Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.karger.com/aha_issues
Shock, 2006
Background: Wild waterfowl, including ducks, represent the classic reservoir for low pathogenicit... more Background: Wild waterfowl, including ducks, represent the classic reservoir for low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and play a major role in the worldwide dissemination of AIV. AIVs belonging to the hemagglutinin (H) 7 subtype are of epidemiological and economic importance due to their potential to mutate into a highly pathogenic form of the virus. Thus far, however, relatively little work has been conducted on elucidating the host-pathogen interactions of ducks and H7 LPAIVs. In the current study, three H7 LPAIVs isolated from either chicken, duck, or turkey avian species were evaluated for their comparative effect on the transcriptional innate immune response of ducks. Results: Three H7 LPAIV isolates, chicken-origin (A/chicken/Maryland/MinhMa/2004), duck-origin (A/pintail/Minnesota/ 423/1999), and turkey-origin (A/turkey/Virginia/SEP-67/2002) were used to infect Pekin ducks. At 3 days post-infection, RNA from spleen tissue was used for transcriptional analysis using the Avian Innate Immune Microarray (AIIM) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Microarray analysis revealed that a core set of 61 genes was differentially regulated in response to all three LPAIVs. Furthermore, we observed 101, 135, and 628 differentially expressed genes unique to infection with the chicken-, duck-, or turkey-origin LPAIV isolates, respectively. qRT-PCR results revealed significant (p<0.05) induction of IL-1β, IL-2, and IFNγ transcription, with the greatest induction observed upon infection with the chicken-origin isolate. Several key innate immune pathways were activated in response to LPAIV infection including the toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor pathways. Conclusions: Pekin ducks elicit a unique innate immune response to different species-of-origin H7 LPAIV isolates. However, twelve identifiable genes and their associated cell signaling pathways (RIG-I, NOD, TLR) are differentially expressed regardless of isolate origin. This core set of genes are critical to the duck immune response to AI. These data provide insight into the potential mechanisms employed by ducks to tolerate AI viral infection.
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XXIII
Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 2011
Influenza A viruses consisting of all known 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes have been isolated from birds... more Influenza A viruses consisting of all known 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes have been isolated from birds. We have created a diagnostic avian cDNA microarray containing probes corresponding to the highly conserved matrix (M) gene, and selected hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes of AIV. cDNA RT-PCR products from the HA, NA, and M genes of various avian influenza isolates and subtypes were used to create an avian influenza virus (AIV) cDNA microarray. The microarray was evaluated against a panel of AIV isolates in order to appraise its application in AIV detection and identification. Utilizing the M gene as a pan-influenza marker, all 10 samples were identified as being strains of type A influenza. The array was able to correctly HA-and NA-subtype subtype 7 out of 10 test samples. This included correctly identifying, subtyping, and determining the geographic origin of all of the H5 subtypes and the two H7 samples of U.S. origin.
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Papers by Michele Maughan