Chironomidae (Diptera) were collected from Cedar Bog, Champaign County, OH. Cedar Bog is an alkal... more Chironomidae (Diptera) were collected from Cedar Bog, Champaign County, OH. Cedar Bog is an alkaline fen formed by numerous springs that collect to form Cedar Run. An attempt was made to collect all life history stages and to rear late instar larvae and pupae under laboratory conditions. Ninety-six taxa were collected from the fen. Twelve taxa were recognized as new species. Taxa for which this study represent a significant range extension are: Bethbilbeckiafloridensis Fittkau & Murray, Paramerina smithae (Sublette), Radotanypus florens (Johannsen) n. comb., Odontomesa ferringtoni Saether, and Rheocricotopus (s.s.) effusoides Saether.
Biomonitoring of Ohio streams by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has found new state rec... more Biomonitoring of Ohio streams by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has found new state records for the Ephemeroptera (mayflies): Baetis brunneicolor McDunnough, Iswaeon Anoka (Daggy), Paracloeodes fleeki McCafferty and Lenat, Plauditus cestus (Provonsha and McCafferty), and Rhithrogena manifesta Eaton; the Plecoptera (stoneflies): Pteronarcys cf. biloba Newman; the Trichoptera (caddisflies): Brachycentrus numerosus (Say) and Psilotreta rufa (Hagen); and the Coleoptera (beetles): Gyretes sinuatus LeConte, Dicranopselaphus variegatus Horn, and Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte). Additional records are given for the mayfly Paracloeodes minutus (Daggy).
The oyster Ostrea johnsoni Aldrich was described in 1886 from the middle Eocene of Alabama and Mi... more The oyster Ostrea johnsoni Aldrich was described in 1886 from the middle Eocene of Alabama and Mississippi, U.S.A. Since then it has been placed in the genera Alectryonia and “Lopha”. Examination of the shell morphology using recent advances in supraspecific oyster taxonomy has found O. johnsoni to be consistent with the genus Nicaisolopha Vialov, 1936 (Bivalvia: Flemingostreidae) (type species Ostrea nicaisei Coquand, 1862, from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of Algeria).
This genus is characterized by: shell small to medium in size; outline circular, oval or triangular; subequivalve and biconvex, left valve usually more convex and capacious; both valves with few plicae, at least in older individuals; commissure wavy or zigzag; exterior surface with concentric growth lamellae; chomata usually observable, ostreine type and restricted to near the hinge; adductor muscle imprint kidney to comma shape and situated postero-ventrally to subcentrally; microstructure of shell simply-foliated with some empty and mocret lenses. Species in Lophini (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) may have a similar appearance, however, N. johnsoni does not fit well in Lophini because Lophini do not form growth lamellae which N. johnsoni does, Lophini sometimes form claspers which N. johnsoni does not, Lophini usually form lophine chomata which N. johnsoni does not, and Lophini do not form mocret shell lenses which N. johnsoni does.
The earliest clearly identifiable Lophinae are from the Miocene. Ten species are currently assigned to Nicaisolopha. Eight from the Cretaceous (Albian-Maastrichtian) of North and South America, Africa, the Middle East, southern Europe, and India; one species, N. clotbeyi (Bellardi, 1854), from the Eocene of Africa; and one species, N. tridacnaeformis (Cox, 1927), from the Pliocene and the present Indian Ocean and the present southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Paratanytarsus longistilus Bolton, Ekrem, Sublette, and Sublette, new species is described for th... more Paratanytarsus longistilus Bolton, Ekrem, Sublette, and Sublette, new species is described for the adult male, pupa, and larva stages. This species has an unusual combination of characters that does not neatly place it into any genus as currently defined, but appears to best fit into the genus Paratanytarsus. The new species conforms to the current definition of Paratanytarsus except that the adult male lacks crests on the anal point; the pupa does not have a pearl row on the wing sheath; and the larva has the Lauterborn organ pedicel longer than antennal segments 3-5 combined and the pecten epipharyngis is composed of three pectinate plates. The new species inhabits cool streams in the eastern Nearctic Region from Wisconsin and Arkansas in the west to New Brunswick and Florida in the east.
The larval and pupal exuviae of Chasmatonotus unimaculatus Loew were collected from soil samples ... more The larval and pupal exuviae of Chasmatonotus unimaculatus Loew were collected from soil samples from which two adult males emerged. The collection site was located in the Hocking Hills area of southwestern Hocking County, Ohio within the relatively sheltered, cool, and moist conditions of a wooded ravine which has a spring fed stream flowing through it. The soil inhabited by the immature stages was damp, but not wet, and appeared spongy with high humus content mixed with sand. The immature stages are described. Pupae can be distinguished from other genera by having the combination of a short lobe shaped thoracic horn, an enlarged antepronotum, the abdominal tergites II-VIII are completely covered by strong spines, and the anal lobe is without setation. The larvae share several morphological characters with other terrestrial taxa such as mentum with reduced number of teeth (9), anterior parapods fused, procercus absent, anal setae absent, and posterior parapods reduced. Larvae can be distinguished from other genera by having the above combination of characters in addition to not having a pecten epipharyngis and having simple labral SI. This is the first description of the immature stages for the genus Chasmatonotus.
Faunal studies of the Tamiami and Caloosahatchee formations (upper Pliocene to lower Pleistocene)... more Faunal studies of the Tamiami and Caloosahatchee formations (upper Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) in southern peninsular Florida have revealed a new crassostreine oyster, Striostrea paucichomata Bolton new species. Although similar in appearance, this bivalve differs from Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) by having weakly developed chomata (not visible in about 30% of the specimens examined), the right valve having a riblet-bearing surficial layer (visible only on exceptionally wellpreserved specimens), and an adductor muscle attachment that is situated more dorsally. The geology of the type area of S. paucichomata in northern Sarasota County, and a stratigraphic nomenclatural history of the Tamiami and Caloosahatchee formations are reviewed. A key to Cenozoic crassostreine oysters known from the southeastern United States is also provided. The following new generic placements are proposed for four previously named species: Myrakeena sculpturata (Conrad, 1840) new combination, Myrakeena lawrencei (Ward and Blackwelder, 1987) new combination, Myrakeena greeni (Ward, 1992) new combination, Undulostrea locklini (Gardner, 1945) new combination and Striostrea cahobasensis (Pilsbry and Brown, 1917) new combination.
Chironomidae (Diptera) were collected from Cedar Bog, Champaign County, OH. Cedar Bog is an alkal... more Chironomidae (Diptera) were collected from Cedar Bog, Champaign County, OH. Cedar Bog is an alkaline fen formed by numerous springs that collect to form Cedar Run. An attempt was made to collect all life history stages and to rear late instar larvae and pupae under laboratory conditions. Ninety-six taxa were collected from the fen. Twelve taxa were recognized as new species. Taxa for which this study represent a significant range extension are: Bethbilbeckiafloridensis Fittkau & Murray, Paramerina smithae (Sublette), Radotanypus florens (Johannsen) n. comb., Odontomesa ferringtoni Saether, and Rheocricotopus (s.s.) effusoides Saether.
Biomonitoring of Ohio streams by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has found new state rec... more Biomonitoring of Ohio streams by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has found new state records for the Ephemeroptera (mayflies): Baetis brunneicolor McDunnough, Iswaeon Anoka (Daggy), Paracloeodes fleeki McCafferty and Lenat, Plauditus cestus (Provonsha and McCafferty), and Rhithrogena manifesta Eaton; the Plecoptera (stoneflies): Pteronarcys cf. biloba Newman; the Trichoptera (caddisflies): Brachycentrus numerosus (Say) and Psilotreta rufa (Hagen); and the Coleoptera (beetles): Gyretes sinuatus LeConte, Dicranopselaphus variegatus Horn, and Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte). Additional records are given for the mayfly Paracloeodes minutus (Daggy).
The oyster Ostrea johnsoni Aldrich was described in 1886 from the middle Eocene of Alabama and Mi... more The oyster Ostrea johnsoni Aldrich was described in 1886 from the middle Eocene of Alabama and Mississippi, U.S.A. Since then it has been placed in the genera Alectryonia and “Lopha”. Examination of the shell morphology using recent advances in supraspecific oyster taxonomy has found O. johnsoni to be consistent with the genus Nicaisolopha Vialov, 1936 (Bivalvia: Flemingostreidae) (type species Ostrea nicaisei Coquand, 1862, from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of Algeria).
This genus is characterized by: shell small to medium in size; outline circular, oval or triangular; subequivalve and biconvex, left valve usually more convex and capacious; both valves with few plicae, at least in older individuals; commissure wavy or zigzag; exterior surface with concentric growth lamellae; chomata usually observable, ostreine type and restricted to near the hinge; adductor muscle imprint kidney to comma shape and situated postero-ventrally to subcentrally; microstructure of shell simply-foliated with some empty and mocret lenses. Species in Lophini (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) may have a similar appearance, however, N. johnsoni does not fit well in Lophini because Lophini do not form growth lamellae which N. johnsoni does, Lophini sometimes form claspers which N. johnsoni does not, Lophini usually form lophine chomata which N. johnsoni does not, and Lophini do not form mocret shell lenses which N. johnsoni does.
The earliest clearly identifiable Lophinae are from the Miocene. Ten species are currently assigned to Nicaisolopha. Eight from the Cretaceous (Albian-Maastrichtian) of North and South America, Africa, the Middle East, southern Europe, and India; one species, N. clotbeyi (Bellardi, 1854), from the Eocene of Africa; and one species, N. tridacnaeformis (Cox, 1927), from the Pliocene and the present Indian Ocean and the present southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Paratanytarsus longistilus Bolton, Ekrem, Sublette, and Sublette, new species is described for th... more Paratanytarsus longistilus Bolton, Ekrem, Sublette, and Sublette, new species is described for the adult male, pupa, and larva stages. This species has an unusual combination of characters that does not neatly place it into any genus as currently defined, but appears to best fit into the genus Paratanytarsus. The new species conforms to the current definition of Paratanytarsus except that the adult male lacks crests on the anal point; the pupa does not have a pearl row on the wing sheath; and the larva has the Lauterborn organ pedicel longer than antennal segments 3-5 combined and the pecten epipharyngis is composed of three pectinate plates. The new species inhabits cool streams in the eastern Nearctic Region from Wisconsin and Arkansas in the west to New Brunswick and Florida in the east.
The larval and pupal exuviae of Chasmatonotus unimaculatus Loew were collected from soil samples ... more The larval and pupal exuviae of Chasmatonotus unimaculatus Loew were collected from soil samples from which two adult males emerged. The collection site was located in the Hocking Hills area of southwestern Hocking County, Ohio within the relatively sheltered, cool, and moist conditions of a wooded ravine which has a spring fed stream flowing through it. The soil inhabited by the immature stages was damp, but not wet, and appeared spongy with high humus content mixed with sand. The immature stages are described. Pupae can be distinguished from other genera by having the combination of a short lobe shaped thoracic horn, an enlarged antepronotum, the abdominal tergites II-VIII are completely covered by strong spines, and the anal lobe is without setation. The larvae share several morphological characters with other terrestrial taxa such as mentum with reduced number of teeth (9), anterior parapods fused, procercus absent, anal setae absent, and posterior parapods reduced. Larvae can be distinguished from other genera by having the above combination of characters in addition to not having a pecten epipharyngis and having simple labral SI. This is the first description of the immature stages for the genus Chasmatonotus.
Faunal studies of the Tamiami and Caloosahatchee formations (upper Pliocene to lower Pleistocene)... more Faunal studies of the Tamiami and Caloosahatchee formations (upper Pliocene to lower Pleistocene) in southern peninsular Florida have revealed a new crassostreine oyster, Striostrea paucichomata Bolton new species. Although similar in appearance, this bivalve differs from Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) by having weakly developed chomata (not visible in about 30% of the specimens examined), the right valve having a riblet-bearing surficial layer (visible only on exceptionally wellpreserved specimens), and an adductor muscle attachment that is situated more dorsally. The geology of the type area of S. paucichomata in northern Sarasota County, and a stratigraphic nomenclatural history of the Tamiami and Caloosahatchee formations are reviewed. A key to Cenozoic crassostreine oysters known from the southeastern United States is also provided. The following new generic placements are proposed for four previously named species: Myrakeena sculpturata (Conrad, 1840) new combination, Myrakeena lawrencei (Ward and Blackwelder, 1987) new combination, Myrakeena greeni (Ward, 1992) new combination, Undulostrea locklini (Gardner, 1945) new combination and Striostrea cahobasensis (Pilsbry and Brown, 1917) new combination.
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Papers by Michael Bolton
Rhithrogena manifesta Eaton; the Plecoptera (stoneflies): Pteronarcys cf. biloba Newman; the Trichoptera (caddisflies): Brachycentrus numerosus (Say) and Psilotreta rufa (Hagen); and the Coleoptera (beetles): Gyretes sinuatus LeConte, Dicranopselaphus variegatus Horn, and Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte). Additional records are given for the mayfly Paracloeodes minutus (Daggy).
This genus is characterized by: shell small to medium in size; outline circular, oval or triangular; subequivalve and biconvex, left valve usually more convex and capacious; both valves with few plicae, at least in older individuals; commissure wavy or zigzag; exterior surface with concentric growth lamellae; chomata usually observable, ostreine type and restricted to near the hinge; adductor muscle imprint kidney to comma shape and situated postero-ventrally to subcentrally; microstructure of shell simply-foliated with some empty and mocret lenses. Species in Lophini (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) may have a similar appearance, however, N. johnsoni does not fit well in Lophini because Lophini do not form growth lamellae which N. johnsoni does, Lophini sometimes form claspers which N. johnsoni does not, Lophini usually form lophine chomata which N. johnsoni does not, and Lophini do not form mocret shell lenses which N. johnsoni does.
The earliest clearly identifiable Lophinae are from the Miocene. Ten species are currently assigned to Nicaisolopha. Eight from the Cretaceous (Albian-Maastrichtian) of North and South America, Africa, the Middle East, southern Europe, and India; one species, N. clotbeyi (Bellardi, 1854), from the Eocene of Africa; and one species, N. tridacnaeformis (Cox, 1927), from the Pliocene and the present Indian Ocean and the present southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Rhithrogena manifesta Eaton; the Plecoptera (stoneflies): Pteronarcys cf. biloba Newman; the Trichoptera (caddisflies): Brachycentrus numerosus (Say) and Psilotreta rufa (Hagen); and the Coleoptera (beetles): Gyretes sinuatus LeConte, Dicranopselaphus variegatus Horn, and Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte). Additional records are given for the mayfly Paracloeodes minutus (Daggy).
This genus is characterized by: shell small to medium in size; outline circular, oval or triangular; subequivalve and biconvex, left valve usually more convex and capacious; both valves with few plicae, at least in older individuals; commissure wavy or zigzag; exterior surface with concentric growth lamellae; chomata usually observable, ostreine type and restricted to near the hinge; adductor muscle imprint kidney to comma shape and situated postero-ventrally to subcentrally; microstructure of shell simply-foliated with some empty and mocret lenses. Species in Lophini (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) may have a similar appearance, however, N. johnsoni does not fit well in Lophini because Lophini do not form growth lamellae which N. johnsoni does, Lophini sometimes form claspers which N. johnsoni does not, Lophini usually form lophine chomata which N. johnsoni does not, and Lophini do not form mocret shell lenses which N. johnsoni does.
The earliest clearly identifiable Lophinae are from the Miocene. Ten species are currently assigned to Nicaisolopha. Eight from the Cretaceous (Albian-Maastrichtian) of North and South America, Africa, the Middle East, southern Europe, and India; one species, N. clotbeyi (Bellardi, 1854), from the Eocene of Africa; and one species, N. tridacnaeformis (Cox, 1927), from the Pliocene and the present Indian Ocean and the present southwestern Pacific Ocean.