Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain ... more Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain a preferred body temperature. Amphibians and reptiles have a preferred optimal temperature zone that allows for optimal biological function. Physiologic processes in ectotherms are influenced by temperature; these animals have capabilities in which they make use of behavioral and physiologic mechanisms to thermoregulate. Core body, ambient air, body surface, and surface/water temperatures were obtained from six ectothermic species including one anuran, two snakes, two turtles, and one alligator. Clinically significant differences between core body temperature and ambient temperature were noted in the black rat snake, corn snake, and eastern box turtle. No significant differences were found between core body and ambient temperature for the American alligator, bullfrog, mata mata turtle, dead spotted turtle, or dead mole king snake. This study indicates some ectotherms are able to regulate their body temperatures independent of their environment. Body temperature of ectotherms is an important component that clinicians should consider when selecting and providing therapeutic care. Investigation of basic physiologic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature) from a diverse population of healthy ectothermic vertebrates may provide baseline data for a systematic health care approach.
A 13-mo-old, captive-born, female African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was presented with a progressi... more A 13-mo-old, captive-born, female African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was presented with a progressively enlarging, firm mass on the dorsum of the head. Due to rapid tumor growth and the development of neurologic signs, elective euthanasia and a complete postmortem were performed 2 months after initial presentation. Histologic findings were similar in both antemortem biopsy and postmortem samples from the tumor and consisted of nodules of cartilage and/or bone separated by thin interconnected trabeculae that contained spindle-shaped cells, consistent with multilobular tumor of bone. Very few reports of tumors in the endangered African wild dog have been published to date. To the…
Funding information Egg Roll Fund Background: Intraluminal tracheal stenting is a minimally invas... more Funding information Egg Roll Fund Background: Intraluminal tracheal stenting is a minimally invasive procedure shown to have variable degrees of success in managing clinical signs associated with tracheal collapse syndrome (CTCS) in dogs. Objectives: Identify immediate post-stent changes in tracheal diameter, determine the extent of stent migration, and stent shortening after stent placement in the immediate-, short-, and longterm periods, and evaluate inter-observer reliability of radiographic measurements. Animals: Fifty client-owned dogs. Methods: Retrospective study in which medical records were reviewed in dogs with CTCS treated with an intraluminal tracheal stent. Data collected included signalment, location, and type of collapse, stent diameter and length, and post-stent placement radiographic follow-up times. Radiographs were used to obtain pre-stent tracheal measurements and post-stent placement measurements. Results: Immediate mean percentage change was 5.14%, 5.49%, and 21.64% for cervical, thoracic inlet, and intra-thoracic tracheal diameters, respectively. Ultimate mean follow-up time was 446 days, with mean percentage change of 2.55%, 15.09%, and 8.65% for cervical, thoracic inlet, and intra-thoracic tracheal diameters, respectively. Initial mean stent length was 26.72% higher than nominal length and ultimate long-term tracheal mean stent shortening was only 9.90%. No significant stent migration was identified in the immediate, short-, or long-term periods. Good inter-observer agreement of radiographic measurements was found among observers of variable experience level. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Use of an intraluminal tracheal stent for CTCS is associated with minimal stent shortening with no clinically relevant stent migration after fluoroscopic placement. Precise stent sizing and placement techniques likely play important roles in avoiding these reported complications.
A number of surgical procedures have been reported for the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) defici... more A number of surgical procedures have been reported for the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifle in dogs. The objectives of this study were to report long-term outcomes in dogs with CCL deficient stifles stabilized with a knotless SwiveLock bone anchor preloaded with FiberTape and to report associated complications. Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with unilateral CCL deficient stifles treated with the SwiveLock system (n = 41) between June 2008 and January 2012. Dogs were divided into three groups according to body weight to assess differences between owner assessed functional outcomes. Complications were recorded and a validated owner questionnaire was used to evaluate long-term outcomes at least 6 months postoperatively. Owner assessment prior to and after treatment with the SwiveLock system was statistically significant for each of the categories of the validated owner questionnaire. There was no significant difference among the weight groups for any of the preoperative and postoperative treatment owner questions. Complications requiring surgical revision occurred in three (7.3%) dogs. Two had surgical site infections and one had a subsequent meniscal tear. The authors concluded that the SwiveLock system placed at near isometric sites is an effective surgical option for the treatment of dogs with CCL deficient stifles.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome in dogs with cranial cruciate l... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injury that were repaired with an Arthrex Corkscrew or FASTak bone anchor and Fiberwire placed at near isometric points of the stifle. A retrospective study (2006-2010) was conducted by reviewing clinical records of dogs treated for cranial cruciate ligament injury with an extra-articular repair method using anchors preloaded with Fiberwire. A questionnaire was given to owners for evaluation of their dog's performance prior to surgery and at time of follow-up with a minimum of 12 months post-operative. Owner assessment was rated using a visual analogue scale. Completed questionnaires from 34 owners were received. The mean time to follow up was 27.5 months. Owner assessment of their dog prior to surgery versus at the time of follow up were considered significant (P < 0.001) in regards to quality of life, willingness to play voluntarily, activity level, stiffness at the beginning and end of the day, lameness in the surgical limb, and pain while walking on the surgical limb. These results indicate that extra-articular stabilization with Arthrex Corkscrew and FASTak anchors placed at near isometric sites are adequate repair methods for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
To report the effectiveness of a bone plate/headless compression screw (HCS) construct in prevent... more To report the effectiveness of a bone plate/headless compression screw (HCS) construct in preventing tibial plateau angle (TPA) shift postoperatively and to describe radiographic healing of the osteotomy. Case series. Dogs (n = 31). Records of dogs diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury treated with the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) stabilized with a bone plate augmented with a HCS were reviewed. Breed, age, weight, and gender were recorded. Radiographs were reviewed for determination of preoperative tibial plateau angle (PreTPA), postoperative TPA (PostTPA), patellar tendon angle (PTA) postoperatively, and TPA at final evaluation (FinalTPA). Difference between PostTPA and FinalTPA was used to define any TPA shift. Radiographic healing at final evaluation was graded based on a 5-point scale. Mean time to final recheck was 88 days (range 49-237 days) with mean ± SD PreTPA = 28.6 ± 4.8°; PostTPA = 9.2 ± 2.2°; FinalTPA = 9.7 ± 2.6°; and TPA Shift = 0.52 ± 1.61°. There was no significant difference between PostTPA and FinalTPA (P = .084, power &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.80). Mean postoperative PTA was 89.9 ± 1.7°. There were 2 implant related complications; 1 HCS migration and 1 HCS failure. Stabilization of the CBLO using a bone plate augmented with a HCS was effective in maintaining PostTPA and achieving satisfactory radiographic healing.
Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain ... more Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain a preferred body temperature. Amphibians and reptiles have a preferred optimal temperature zone that allows for optimal biological function. Physiologic processes in ectotherms are influenced by temperature; these animals have capabilities in which they make use of behavioral and physiologic mechanisms to thermoregulate. Core body, ambient air, body surface, and surface/water temperatures were obtained from six ectothermic species including one anuran, two snakes, two turtles, and one alligator. Clinically significant differences between core body temperature and ambient temperature were noted in the black rat snake, corn snake, and eastern box turtle. No significant differences were found between core body and ambient temperature for the American alligator, bullfrog, mata mata turtle, dead spotted turtle, or dead mole king snake. This study indicates some ectotherms are able to regulate their body temperatures independent of their environment. Body temperature of ectotherms is an important component that clinicians should consider when selecting and providing therapeutic care. Investigation of basic physiologic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature) from a diverse population of healthy ectothermic vertebrates may provide baseline data for a systematic health care approach.
Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain ... more Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain a preferred body temperature. Amphibians and reptiles have a preferred optimal temperature zone that allows for optimal biological function. Physiologic processes in ectotherms are influenced by temperature; these animals have capabilities in which they make use of behavioral and physiologic mechanisms to thermoregulate. Core body, ambient air, body surface, and surface/water temperatures were obtained from six ectothermic species including one anuran, two snakes, two turtles, and one alligator. Clinically significant differences between core body temperature and ambient temperature were noted in the black rat snake, corn snake, and eastern box turtle. No significant differences were found between core body and ambient temperature for the American alligator, bullfrog, mata mata turtle, dead spotted turtle, or dead mole king snake. This study indicates some ectotherms are able to regulate their body temperatures independent of their environment. Body temperature of ectotherms is an important component that clinicians should consider when selecting and providing therapeutic care. Investigation of basic physiologic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature) from a diverse population of healthy ectothermic vertebrates may provide baseline data for a systematic health care approach.
A 13-mo-old, captive-born, female African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was presented with a progressi... more A 13-mo-old, captive-born, female African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was presented with a progressively enlarging, firm mass on the dorsum of the head. Due to rapid tumor growth and the development of neurologic signs, elective euthanasia and a complete postmortem were performed 2 months after initial presentation. Histologic findings were similar in both antemortem biopsy and postmortem samples from the tumor and consisted of nodules of cartilage and/or bone separated by thin interconnected trabeculae that contained spindle-shaped cells, consistent with multilobular tumor of bone. Very few reports of tumors in the endangered African wild dog have been published to date. To the…
Funding information Egg Roll Fund Background: Intraluminal tracheal stenting is a minimally invas... more Funding information Egg Roll Fund Background: Intraluminal tracheal stenting is a minimally invasive procedure shown to have variable degrees of success in managing clinical signs associated with tracheal collapse syndrome (CTCS) in dogs. Objectives: Identify immediate post-stent changes in tracheal diameter, determine the extent of stent migration, and stent shortening after stent placement in the immediate-, short-, and longterm periods, and evaluate inter-observer reliability of radiographic measurements. Animals: Fifty client-owned dogs. Methods: Retrospective study in which medical records were reviewed in dogs with CTCS treated with an intraluminal tracheal stent. Data collected included signalment, location, and type of collapse, stent diameter and length, and post-stent placement radiographic follow-up times. Radiographs were used to obtain pre-stent tracheal measurements and post-stent placement measurements. Results: Immediate mean percentage change was 5.14%, 5.49%, and 21.64% for cervical, thoracic inlet, and intra-thoracic tracheal diameters, respectively. Ultimate mean follow-up time was 446 days, with mean percentage change of 2.55%, 15.09%, and 8.65% for cervical, thoracic inlet, and intra-thoracic tracheal diameters, respectively. Initial mean stent length was 26.72% higher than nominal length and ultimate long-term tracheal mean stent shortening was only 9.90%. No significant stent migration was identified in the immediate, short-, or long-term periods. Good inter-observer agreement of radiographic measurements was found among observers of variable experience level. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Use of an intraluminal tracheal stent for CTCS is associated with minimal stent shortening with no clinically relevant stent migration after fluoroscopic placement. Precise stent sizing and placement techniques likely play important roles in avoiding these reported complications.
A number of surgical procedures have been reported for the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) defici... more A number of surgical procedures have been reported for the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifle in dogs. The objectives of this study were to report long-term outcomes in dogs with CCL deficient stifles stabilized with a knotless SwiveLock bone anchor preloaded with FiberTape and to report associated complications. Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with unilateral CCL deficient stifles treated with the SwiveLock system (n = 41) between June 2008 and January 2012. Dogs were divided into three groups according to body weight to assess differences between owner assessed functional outcomes. Complications were recorded and a validated owner questionnaire was used to evaluate long-term outcomes at least 6 months postoperatively. Owner assessment prior to and after treatment with the SwiveLock system was statistically significant for each of the categories of the validated owner questionnaire. There was no significant difference among the weight groups for any of the preoperative and postoperative treatment owner questions. Complications requiring surgical revision occurred in three (7.3%) dogs. Two had surgical site infections and one had a subsequent meniscal tear. The authors concluded that the SwiveLock system placed at near isometric sites is an effective surgical option for the treatment of dogs with CCL deficient stifles.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome in dogs with cranial cruciate l... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament injury that were repaired with an Arthrex Corkscrew or FASTak bone anchor and Fiberwire placed at near isometric points of the stifle. A retrospective study (2006-2010) was conducted by reviewing clinical records of dogs treated for cranial cruciate ligament injury with an extra-articular repair method using anchors preloaded with Fiberwire. A questionnaire was given to owners for evaluation of their dog's performance prior to surgery and at time of follow-up with a minimum of 12 months post-operative. Owner assessment was rated using a visual analogue scale. Completed questionnaires from 34 owners were received. The mean time to follow up was 27.5 months. Owner assessment of their dog prior to surgery versus at the time of follow up were considered significant (P < 0.001) in regards to quality of life, willingness to play voluntarily, activity level, stiffness at the beginning and end of the day, lameness in the surgical limb, and pain while walking on the surgical limb. These results indicate that extra-articular stabilization with Arthrex Corkscrew and FASTak anchors placed at near isometric sites are adequate repair methods for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
To report the effectiveness of a bone plate/headless compression screw (HCS) construct in prevent... more To report the effectiveness of a bone plate/headless compression screw (HCS) construct in preventing tibial plateau angle (TPA) shift postoperatively and to describe radiographic healing of the osteotomy. Case series. Dogs (n = 31). Records of dogs diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury treated with the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) stabilized with a bone plate augmented with a HCS were reviewed. Breed, age, weight, and gender were recorded. Radiographs were reviewed for determination of preoperative tibial plateau angle (PreTPA), postoperative TPA (PostTPA), patellar tendon angle (PTA) postoperatively, and TPA at final evaluation (FinalTPA). Difference between PostTPA and FinalTPA was used to define any TPA shift. Radiographic healing at final evaluation was graded based on a 5-point scale. Mean time to final recheck was 88 days (range 49-237 days) with mean ± SD PreTPA = 28.6 ± 4.8°; PostTPA = 9.2 ± 2.2°; FinalTPA = 9.7 ± 2.6°; and TPA Shift = 0.52 ± 1.61°. There was no significant difference between PostTPA and FinalTPA (P = .084, power &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.80). Mean postoperative PTA was 89.9 ± 1.7°. There were 2 implant related complications; 1 HCS migration and 1 HCS failure. Stabilization of the CBLO using a bone plate augmented with a HCS was effective in maintaining PostTPA and achieving satisfactory radiographic healing.
Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain ... more Ectothermic vertebrates are a diverse group of animals that rely on external sources to maintain a preferred body temperature. Amphibians and reptiles have a preferred optimal temperature zone that allows for optimal biological function. Physiologic processes in ectotherms are influenced by temperature; these animals have capabilities in which they make use of behavioral and physiologic mechanisms to thermoregulate. Core body, ambient air, body surface, and surface/water temperatures were obtained from six ectothermic species including one anuran, two snakes, two turtles, and one alligator. Clinically significant differences between core body temperature and ambient temperature were noted in the black rat snake, corn snake, and eastern box turtle. No significant differences were found between core body and ambient temperature for the American alligator, bullfrog, mata mata turtle, dead spotted turtle, or dead mole king snake. This study indicates some ectotherms are able to regulate their body temperatures independent of their environment. Body temperature of ectotherms is an important component that clinicians should consider when selecting and providing therapeutic care. Investigation of basic physiologic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature) from a diverse population of healthy ectothermic vertebrates may provide baseline data for a systematic health care approach.
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