Cognitive Science is a single-source undergraduate text that broadly surveys the theories and emp... more Cognitive Science is a single-source undergraduate text that broadly surveys the theories and empirical results of cognitive science within a consistent computational perspective. In addition to covering the individual contributions of psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence to cognitive science, the book has been revised to introduce the connectionist approach as well as the classical symbolic approach and adds a new chapter on cognitively related advances in neuroscience. Cognitive science is a rapidly evolving field that is characterized by considerable contention among different views and approaches. Cognitive Science presents these in a relatively neutral manner. It covers many new orientations theories and findings, embedding them in an integrated computational perspective and establishing a sense of continuity and contrast with more traditional work in cognitive science. The text assumes no prerequisite knowledge, introducing all topics in a uniform, ...
Barking is most often associated with the domestic dog Canis familiaris, but it is a common mamma... more Barking is most often associated with the domestic dog Canis familiaris, but it is a common mammalian and avian vocalization. Like any vocalization, the acoustic character of the bark is likely to be a product of adaptation as well as an expression of the signaler's internal motivational state. While most authors recognize that the bark is a distinct signal type, no consistent description of its acoustic definition or function is apparent. The bark exhibits considerable variability in its acoustic form and occurs in a wide range of behavioral contexts, particularly in dogs. This has led some authors to suggest that dog barking might be a form of referential signaling, or an adaptation for heightened capability to communicate with humans. In this paper we propose a general 'canonical' acoustic description of the bark. Surveying relevant literature on dogs, wild canids, other mammals and birds, we explore an alternative functional hypothesis, first suggested by [Morton, E.S., 1977. On the occurrence and significance of motivation-structural rules in some bird and mammal sounds. Am. Nat. 111, 855-869] and consistent with his motivational-structural rules theory: that barking in many animals, including the domestic dog, is associated with mobbing behavior and the motivational states that accompany mobbing.
Page 1. Linguistic Inquiry Volume 10 Number 2 (Spring, 1979) 245-278. Mark H. Feinstein Prenasali... more Page 1. Linguistic Inquiry Volume 10 Number 2 (Spring, 1979) 245-278. Mark H. Feinstein Prenasalization and Syllable Structure* 1. Introduction ... Thanks also to LI's anonymous reviewers, whose remarks were quite useful. Page 2. 246 MARK H. FEINSTEIN ...
ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly mo... more ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly more complex, modular, and functionally expressive code. Rather then developing a system from scratch, the research in this document builds upon the PushGP system developed by Spector (2001). PushGP uses a stack-based language with multiple stacks for operating on different data types. One stack stores program code and allows for interactive construction and modification of executable functions, modules, and control structures as the main program executes. The primary question addressed is what sort of modularity and structure evolve when their very composition arises from the evolutionary modifications of program code, rather than from external parsing on the part of genetic programming systems. The secondary question is how the computational effort of this system varies in comparison to more traditional genetic programming systems, (like Kozas GP system with automatically defined functions).
ABSTRACT Global human population expansion is rooted in a remarkably successful evolutionary inno... more ABSTRACT Global human population expansion is rooted in a remarkably successful evolutionary innovation. The neolithic transformation of the natural world gave rise to a symbiosis between humans and their domesticated plant and animal partners that will expand from a current 20 per cent to 60 percent of terrestrial biomass by the middle of the coming century. Such an increase must necessarily be accompanied by a concomitant decrease in wildlife biomass. We suggest that current trends in population growth are unlikely to abate for three reasons: first, there are intrinsic biological pressures to reproduce regardless of social engineering; second, the character of the domestic alliance makes it a formidable competitor to wildlife; and third, the timeframe before population doubling is, from a biological perspective, virtually instantaneous. This paper draws from a wide body of research in the biological and social sciences. We neither condone nor endorse this picture of inexorable population increase. Rather, we appeal for a change in the nature of the discussion of population among environmentalists, to focus on the question of how best to manage what wildlife will be left on the margins of a domesticated world.
ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly mo... more ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly more complex, modular, and functionally expressive code. Rather then developing a system from scratch, the research in this document builds upon the PushGP system developed by Spector (2001). PushGP uses a stack-based language with multiple stacks for operating on different data types. One stack stores program code and allows for interactive construction and modification of executable functions, modules, and control structures as the main program executes. The primary question addressed is what sort of modularity and structure evolve when their very composition arises from the evolutionary modifications of program code, rather than from external parsing on the part of genetic programming systems. The secondary question is how the computational effort of this system varies in comparison to more traditional genetic programming systems, (like Kozas GP system with automatically defined functions).
Cognitive science has recently emerged as a new interdisciplinary field incorporating parts of ps... more Cognitive science has recently emerged as a new interdisciplinary field incorporating parts of psychology, computer science, philosophy, neuroscience, and linguistics. Its goal is to bring the theoretical and methodological resources of the contributing disciplines to bear on an integrated investigation of thought, meaning, language, perception, and mentally guided action. The contributing disciplines have begun to converge on a common paradigm, the computational or information processing view. If conceived of and taught as a broad, integrative area of study, cognitive science deserves a prominent place in the liberal arts curriculum, and linguistics merits a central place because language is the most prominent marker of human intelligence. Interdisciplinary cognitive science programs are in various stages of development at about 40 higher education institutions in the United States, most drawing on the resources of previously existing departments and faculty. The study of language provides a testing ground for broad questions about the nature and structure of the mind, and can enrich pedagogical and intellectual work in other disciplines with or without an organized program in cognitive science. (MSE)
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation - GECCO '07, 2007
We present a new framework for artificial life involving physically simulated, three-dimensional ... more We present a new framework for artificial life involving physically simulated, three-dimensional blocks called Division Blocks. Division Blocks can grow and shrink, divide and form joints, exert forces on joints, and exchange resources. They are controlled by recurrent neural networks that evolve, along with the blocks, by natural selection. Division Blocks are simulated in an environment in which energy is approximately conserved, and in which all energy derives ultimately from a simulated sun via photosynthesis. In this paper we describe our implementation of Division Blocks and some of the ways that it can support experiments on the openended evolution of development, form, and behavior. We also present preliminary data from simulations, demonstrating the reliable emergence of cooperative resource transactions.
. However, their behavior often has a lower threshold (i.e. scent rolling when compared to domest... more . However, their behavior often has a lower threshold (i.e. scent rolling when compared to domestic dogs [DDs]), a developmentally earlier appearance (i.e. hackle biting at three weeks compared to wolves and DD at six weeks), or a quantitative difference (i.e. reduced expression of intraspecific affiliative behaviors compared to wolves and DD).
Subjects chose between sequences of one syllable (e.g., 19i/ vs. /bi/), two syllables (e.g., /gib... more Subjects chose between sequences of one syllable (e.g., 19i/ vs. /bi/), two syllables (e.g., /gibi/ vs. /gubu/), and three syllables (e.g., /gibidi/ vs. gubudu/), when Iii sequences were signaled by high-pitched tones and lui sequences were signaled by low-pitched tones (high compatibility), or the reverse (low compatibility). Choice times were additively affected by sequence length and compatibility. A second experiment showed attenuated compatibility effects for sequences with different vowels in the first and second syllables. These results replicate previously reported results for choices between finger sequences, which suggests that the same programming methods are used in both output domains. Evidently, choices between response sequences can be achieved by selecting a distinguishing parameter and assigning it in a serial fashion to partially prepared motor subprograms.
In 1957, Troughton described the wild dog of New Guinea, naming it Canis hallstromi. Here the des... more In 1957, Troughton described the wild dog of New Guinea, naming it Canis hallstromi. Here the description given by Troughton is expanded by the addition of morphological, molecular and behavioural information collected from both captive and wild New Guinea singing dogs subsequent to the original description. The data support Troughton's identification of this canid as a unique taxon, although further studies are needed to clarify the exact level of taxonomic differentiation of this rare and possibly highly endangered canid.
ABSTRACT We wrote "Cognitive Science: An Introduction" because ... more ABSTRACT We wrote "Cognitive Science: An Introduction" because we believe that undergraduate cognitive science programs ought to be offered to students and that an introductory course ought to be part of the cognitive science curriculum. At the undergraduate level we feel that cognitive science is best conceived of as a broad interdisciplinary field that draws primarily on psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience. . . . In this text we try to maintain a consistent computational viewpoint, while honoring the distinctive contributions of each of the disciplines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
We demonstrate the emergence of collective behavior in two evolutionary computation systems, one ... more We demonstrate the emergence of collective behavior in two evolutionary computation systems, one an evolutionary extension of a classic (highly constrained) flocking algorithm and the other a relatively un-constrained system in which the behavior of agents is governed by evolved computer programs. We describe the systems in detail, document the emergence of collective behavior, and argue that these systems present new opportunities for the study of group dynamics in an evolutionary context.
Ph. D. in psychology, Stanford University. Professor of Psychology in the School of Communication... more Ph. D. in psychology, Stanford University. Professor of Psychology in the School of Communications and Cognitive Science, Hampshire College. A founding member of Hampshire's cognitive science program with over twenty years of teaching experience. Organizer of the 1986 national workshop on teaching cognitive science, funded by the Sloan Foundation, and the 1993 national workshop on undergraduate cognitive science, funded by the National Science Foundation. Coeditor of the entire textbook and primary author of ...
Cognitive Science is a single-source undergraduate text that broadly surveys the theories and emp... more Cognitive Science is a single-source undergraduate text that broadly surveys the theories and empirical results of cognitive science within a consistent computational perspective. In addition to covering the individual contributions of psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence to cognitive science, the book has been revised to introduce the connectionist approach as well as the classical symbolic approach and adds a new chapter on cognitively related advances in neuroscience. Cognitive science is a rapidly evolving field that is characterized by considerable contention among different views and approaches. Cognitive Science presents these in a relatively neutral manner. It covers many new orientations theories and findings, embedding them in an integrated computational perspective and establishing a sense of continuity and contrast with more traditional work in cognitive science. The text assumes no prerequisite knowledge, introducing all topics in a uniform, ...
Barking is most often associated with the domestic dog Canis familiaris, but it is a common mamma... more Barking is most often associated with the domestic dog Canis familiaris, but it is a common mammalian and avian vocalization. Like any vocalization, the acoustic character of the bark is likely to be a product of adaptation as well as an expression of the signaler's internal motivational state. While most authors recognize that the bark is a distinct signal type, no consistent description of its acoustic definition or function is apparent. The bark exhibits considerable variability in its acoustic form and occurs in a wide range of behavioral contexts, particularly in dogs. This has led some authors to suggest that dog barking might be a form of referential signaling, or an adaptation for heightened capability to communicate with humans. In this paper we propose a general 'canonical' acoustic description of the bark. Surveying relevant literature on dogs, wild canids, other mammals and birds, we explore an alternative functional hypothesis, first suggested by [Morton, E.S., 1977. On the occurrence and significance of motivation-structural rules in some bird and mammal sounds. Am. Nat. 111, 855-869] and consistent with his motivational-structural rules theory: that barking in many animals, including the domestic dog, is associated with mobbing behavior and the motivational states that accompany mobbing.
Page 1. Linguistic Inquiry Volume 10 Number 2 (Spring, 1979) 245-278. Mark H. Feinstein Prenasali... more Page 1. Linguistic Inquiry Volume 10 Number 2 (Spring, 1979) 245-278. Mark H. Feinstein Prenasalization and Syllable Structure* 1. Introduction ... Thanks also to LI's anonymous reviewers, whose remarks were quite useful. Page 2. 246 MARK H. FEINSTEIN ...
ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly mo... more ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly more complex, modular, and functionally expressive code. Rather then developing a system from scratch, the research in this document builds upon the PushGP system developed by Spector (2001). PushGP uses a stack-based language with multiple stacks for operating on different data types. One stack stores program code and allows for interactive construction and modification of executable functions, modules, and control structures as the main program executes. The primary question addressed is what sort of modularity and structure evolve when their very composition arises from the evolutionary modifications of program code, rather than from external parsing on the part of genetic programming systems. The secondary question is how the computational effort of this system varies in comparison to more traditional genetic programming systems, (like Kozas GP system with automatically defined functions).
ABSTRACT Global human population expansion is rooted in a remarkably successful evolutionary inno... more ABSTRACT Global human population expansion is rooted in a remarkably successful evolutionary innovation. The neolithic transformation of the natural world gave rise to a symbiosis between humans and their domesticated plant and animal partners that will expand from a current 20 per cent to 60 percent of terrestrial biomass by the middle of the coming century. Such an increase must necessarily be accompanied by a concomitant decrease in wildlife biomass. We suggest that current trends in population growth are unlikely to abate for three reasons: first, there are intrinsic biological pressures to reproduce regardless of social engineering; second, the character of the domestic alliance makes it a formidable competitor to wildlife; and third, the timeframe before population doubling is, from a biological perspective, virtually instantaneous. This paper draws from a wide body of research in the biological and social sciences. We neither condone nor endorse this picture of inexorable population increase. Rather, we appeal for a change in the nature of the discussion of population among environmentalists, to focus on the question of how best to manage what wildlife will be left on the margins of a domesticated world.
ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly mo... more ABSTRACT Investigates techniques designed to allow genetic programming to evolve significantly more complex, modular, and functionally expressive code. Rather then developing a system from scratch, the research in this document builds upon the PushGP system developed by Spector (2001). PushGP uses a stack-based language with multiple stacks for operating on different data types. One stack stores program code and allows for interactive construction and modification of executable functions, modules, and control structures as the main program executes. The primary question addressed is what sort of modularity and structure evolve when their very composition arises from the evolutionary modifications of program code, rather than from external parsing on the part of genetic programming systems. The secondary question is how the computational effort of this system varies in comparison to more traditional genetic programming systems, (like Kozas GP system with automatically defined functions).
Cognitive science has recently emerged as a new interdisciplinary field incorporating parts of ps... more Cognitive science has recently emerged as a new interdisciplinary field incorporating parts of psychology, computer science, philosophy, neuroscience, and linguistics. Its goal is to bring the theoretical and methodological resources of the contributing disciplines to bear on an integrated investigation of thought, meaning, language, perception, and mentally guided action. The contributing disciplines have begun to converge on a common paradigm, the computational or information processing view. If conceived of and taught as a broad, integrative area of study, cognitive science deserves a prominent place in the liberal arts curriculum, and linguistics merits a central place because language is the most prominent marker of human intelligence. Interdisciplinary cognitive science programs are in various stages of development at about 40 higher education institutions in the United States, most drawing on the resources of previously existing departments and faculty. The study of language provides a testing ground for broad questions about the nature and structure of the mind, and can enrich pedagogical and intellectual work in other disciplines with or without an organized program in cognitive science. (MSE)
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation - GECCO '07, 2007
We present a new framework for artificial life involving physically simulated, three-dimensional ... more We present a new framework for artificial life involving physically simulated, three-dimensional blocks called Division Blocks. Division Blocks can grow and shrink, divide and form joints, exert forces on joints, and exchange resources. They are controlled by recurrent neural networks that evolve, along with the blocks, by natural selection. Division Blocks are simulated in an environment in which energy is approximately conserved, and in which all energy derives ultimately from a simulated sun via photosynthesis. In this paper we describe our implementation of Division Blocks and some of the ways that it can support experiments on the openended evolution of development, form, and behavior. We also present preliminary data from simulations, demonstrating the reliable emergence of cooperative resource transactions.
. However, their behavior often has a lower threshold (i.e. scent rolling when compared to domest... more . However, their behavior often has a lower threshold (i.e. scent rolling when compared to domestic dogs [DDs]), a developmentally earlier appearance (i.e. hackle biting at three weeks compared to wolves and DD at six weeks), or a quantitative difference (i.e. reduced expression of intraspecific affiliative behaviors compared to wolves and DD).
Subjects chose between sequences of one syllable (e.g., 19i/ vs. /bi/), two syllables (e.g., /gib... more Subjects chose between sequences of one syllable (e.g., 19i/ vs. /bi/), two syllables (e.g., /gibi/ vs. /gubu/), and three syllables (e.g., /gibidi/ vs. gubudu/), when Iii sequences were signaled by high-pitched tones and lui sequences were signaled by low-pitched tones (high compatibility), or the reverse (low compatibility). Choice times were additively affected by sequence length and compatibility. A second experiment showed attenuated compatibility effects for sequences with different vowels in the first and second syllables. These results replicate previously reported results for choices between finger sequences, which suggests that the same programming methods are used in both output domains. Evidently, choices between response sequences can be achieved by selecting a distinguishing parameter and assigning it in a serial fashion to partially prepared motor subprograms.
In 1957, Troughton described the wild dog of New Guinea, naming it Canis hallstromi. Here the des... more In 1957, Troughton described the wild dog of New Guinea, naming it Canis hallstromi. Here the description given by Troughton is expanded by the addition of morphological, molecular and behavioural information collected from both captive and wild New Guinea singing dogs subsequent to the original description. The data support Troughton's identification of this canid as a unique taxon, although further studies are needed to clarify the exact level of taxonomic differentiation of this rare and possibly highly endangered canid.
ABSTRACT We wrote "Cognitive Science: An Introduction" because ... more ABSTRACT We wrote "Cognitive Science: An Introduction" because we believe that undergraduate cognitive science programs ought to be offered to students and that an introductory course ought to be part of the cognitive science curriculum. At the undergraduate level we feel that cognitive science is best conceived of as a broad interdisciplinary field that draws primarily on psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience. . . . In this text we try to maintain a consistent computational viewpoint, while honoring the distinctive contributions of each of the disciplines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
We demonstrate the emergence of collective behavior in two evolutionary computation systems, one ... more We demonstrate the emergence of collective behavior in two evolutionary computation systems, one an evolutionary extension of a classic (highly constrained) flocking algorithm and the other a relatively un-constrained system in which the behavior of agents is governed by evolved computer programs. We describe the systems in detail, document the emergence of collective behavior, and argue that these systems present new opportunities for the study of group dynamics in an evolutionary context.
Ph. D. in psychology, Stanford University. Professor of Psychology in the School of Communication... more Ph. D. in psychology, Stanford University. Professor of Psychology in the School of Communications and Cognitive Science, Hampshire College. A founding member of Hampshire's cognitive science program with over twenty years of teaching experience. Organizer of the 1986 national workshop on teaching cognitive science, funded by the Sloan Foundation, and the 1993 national workshop on undergraduate cognitive science, funded by the National Science Foundation. Coeditor of the entire textbook and primary author of ...
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