Papers by Marie-Claude Pélissier
Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 2018
Previous studies show that individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) accord more impor... more Previous studies show that individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) accord more importance than healthy controls (HC) to alternative conclusions, resulting in increased doubt regarding an initial conclusion. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend this finding. Eighteen participants diagnosed with OCD and 16 HC completed the Reasoning with Inductive Arguments Task (RIAT), which operationalizes doubt as change in confidence towards a conclusion after alternative conclusions are presented. To examine conditions that facilitate doubt, the impact of alternative conclusions that both supported and contradicted the initial conclusion was compared, as well as the effect of neutral and OCD-relevant item content. Both the OCD and HC groups decreased confidence after contradicting conclusions, but only the HC group increased confidence when presented with supporting conclusions. Furthermore, decrease in confidence in the OCD group correlated with OCD symptom seve...
Different Views of Anxiety Disorders, 2011
Beyond Reasonable Doubt, 2004
Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 2007
ABSTRACT Reviews the book, Les troubles obsessionels compulsifs: Principes, thérapies, applicatio... more ABSTRACT Reviews the book, Les troubles obsessionels compulsifs: Principes, thérapies, applications (2e édition) by Martine Bouvard (2006). This book is addressed to clinicians who wish to apply cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There are ten chapters, each one written by different authors according to their respective fields of expertise. The reviewer praises the editor for compiling a comprehensive guide to CBT treatment for OCD, but did not think there was enough of a difference between the 1st and 2nd editions to warrant a new edition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Santé mentale au Québec, 2007
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Sante mentale au Quebec
Differential diagnosis between obsessive beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and delus... more Differential diagnosis between obsessive beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and delusions in delusional disorder (DD) requires distinguishing the strength of conviction with which the person holds these beliefs, that is : a dimension stretching from doubt to certainty. Effectively, individuals with DD seem to rely much more on their imagination since they cannot trust others or reality. In OCD, people believe that their imaginary doubts are real probabilities and they cannot take the risk that these possibilities occur in reality. In both cases, the problem is not perceptual distortion but the replacement of reality by an imaginary story perceived as possible or even real. Pelissier and O'Connor (2002) have demonstrated that people with OCD show a particular inductive reasoning style when compared to control groups. Hence, exploration of inductive reasoning in the cases of people with DD could possibly enrich our comprehension of delusional thinking and further impro...
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2007
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has proved effective in treating delusions, both in schizophr... more Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has proved effective in treating delusions, both in schizophrenia and delusional disorder (DD). Clinical trials of DD have mostly compared CBT with either treatment as usual, no treatment, or a wait-list control. This current study aimed to assess patients with DD who received CBT, compared with an attention placebo control (APC) group. Twenty-four individuals with DD were randomly allocated into either CBT or APC groups for a 24-week treatment period. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of structured clinical interviews for mental disorders and the Maudsley Assessment of Delusion Schedule (MADS). Completers in both groups (n = 11 for CBT; n = 6 for APC) showed clinical improvement on the MADS dimensions of Strength of Conviction, Insight, Preoccupation, Systematization, Affect Relating to Belief, Belief Maintenance Factors, and Idiosyncrasy of Belief. When compared with APC, CBT produced more impact on the MADS dimensions for Affect Relating to ...
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2009
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that inductive reasoning plays a role in o... more The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that inductive reasoning plays a role in obsessional doubting by comparing an OCD sample with a non-OCD control group in performance of an inductive reasoning task. The 'Reasoning with Inductive Arguments Task' (RIAT) measures inductive performance using arguments drawn from both given vs. self-generated sources and containing neutral vs. OCD-related content. Both an OCD group recruited from clinical referrals and a control group recruited from the general population were compared on performance of the RIAT. People with OCD tended to doubt an initial conclusion much more than controls in the light of subsequent alternative conclusions given by the experimenter. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the self-generated condition. The OCD group doubted more regardless of whether the items were OCD-relevant or neutral. The control group also doubted the initial conclusions but not to the same extent as the OCD group in the 'given' condition and their degree of doubting did not differ between self-generated or given items. People with OCD may create doubt because they are giving too much credit to mental models given from external sources.
International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2009
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by high ... more Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by high levels of pathological doubt. The current article investigates the cognitive process of doubt in OCD as the dynamic interplay between the impact of possibility and reality-based information. An experimental reasoning task was designed to measure changes in level of doubt by alternately presenting participants with possibility and reality-based information. People with OCD were hypothesized to be more affected by possibility-based information leading to higher levels of doubt. Results confirmed these expectations, and showed that as compared to nonclinical controls, those with OCD were more affected by possibility-based information. The impact of possibility-based information, and levels of doubt, related robustly to symptom severity. As expected, the relationship between the impact of possibility and symptom severity could be explained by inferential confusion, but not by any other cognitive domains, thereby confirming the convergent validity of the current experimental manipulation.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 2005
This study evaluated an inference-based approach (IBA) to the treatment of obsessivecompulsive di... more This study evaluated an inference-based approach (IBA) to the treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) by comparing its efficacy with a treatment based on the cognitive appraisal model (CAM) and exposure and response prevention (ERP). IBA considers initial intrusions in OCD (e.g. ''Maybe the door is open'', ''My hands could be dirty'') as idiosyncratic inferences about possible states of affairs arrived at through inductive reasoning. In IBA such primary inferences represent the starting point of obsessional doubt, and the reasoning maintaining the doubt forms the focus for therapy. This is unlike CAM, which regards appraisals of intrusions as the maintaining factors in OCD. Fifty-four OCD participants, of whom 44 completed, were randomly allocated to CAM, ERP or IBA. After 20 weeks of treatment all groups showed a significant reduction in scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Padua Inventory. Participants with high levels of obsessional conviction showed greater benefit from IBA than CAM. Appraisals of intrusions changed in all treatment conditions. Strength of primary inference was not correlated with symptom measures except in the case of strong obsessional conviction. Strength of primary inference correlated significantly with the Y-BOCS insight item. Treatment matching for high and low conviction levels to IBA and CAM, respectively, may optimize therapy outcome. Key words: obsessive compulsive disorder; cognitive behavior therapy.
Clinical Case Studies, 2004
... 57 AUTHORS' NOTE: The authors would like to acknowledge Denise Pitre, M.Ps. ... moto... more ... 57 AUTHORS' NOTE: The authors would like to acknowledge Denise Pitre, M.Ps. ... motor habits and tics in other clini-cal studies (Azrin, Nunn, & Frantz, 1980; DeLuca & Holborn, 1984; Lerner, Franklin, Meadows, Hembree, & Foa, 1998; Rosenbaum & Ayllon, 1981; Rothbaum ...
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2002
Objectives. This study tested the hypothesis that people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)... more Objectives. This study tested the hypothesis that people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show an inductive reasoning style distinct from people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and from participants in a non-anxious (NA) control group.
Page 1. BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT Reasoning Processes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related ... more Page 1. BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT Reasoning Processes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorders Kieron O'Connor Frederick Aardema and Marie-Claude Pe´lissier Fernand-Seguin Research Center ...
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Papers by Marie-Claude Pélissier